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Marcotegui N, Romero-Murillo S, Marco-Sanz J, Peris I, Berrozpe BS, Vicente C, Odero MD, Arriazu E. Set Protein Is Involved in FLT3 Membrane Trafficking. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082233. [PMID: 37190162 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The in-frame internal tandem duplication (ITD) of the FLT3 gene is an important negative prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FLT3-ITD is constitutive active and partially retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recent reports show that 3'UTRs function as scaffolds that can regulate the localization of plasma membrane proteins by recruiting the HuR-interacting protein SET to the site of translation. Therefore, we hypothesized that SET could mediate the FLT3 membrane location and that the FLT3-ITD mutation could somehow disrupt the model, impairing its membrane translocation. Immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that SET and FLT3 co-localize and interact in FLT3-WT cells but hardly in FLT3-ITD. SET/FLT3 interaction occurs before FLT3 glycosylation. Furthermore, RNA immunoprecipitation in FLT3-WT cells confirmed that this interaction occurs through the binding of HuR to the 3'UTR of FLT3. HuR inhibition and SET nuclear retention reduced FLT3 in the membrane of FLT3-WT cells, indicating that both proteins are involved in FLT3 membrane trafficking. Interestingly, the FLT3 inhibitor midostaurin increases FLT3 in the membrane and SET/FLT3 binding. Therefore, our results show that SET is involved in the transport of FLT3-WT to the membrane; however, SET barely binds FLT3 in FLT3-ITD cells, contributing to its retention in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Marcotegui
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Romero-Murillo
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Marco-Sanz
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene Peris
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Blanca S Berrozpe
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Vicente
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María D Odero
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Arriazu
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Kohyanagi N, Kitamura N, Tanaka K, Mizuno T, Fujiwara N, Ohama T, Sato K. The protein level of the tumor-promoting factor SET is regulated by cell density. J Biochem 2022; 171:295-303. [PMID: 35076073 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SET/I2PP2A is a multifunctional protein that acts as an intrinsic inhibitor of the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A and as a histone chaperone. Increased SET levels have been observed in various cancers; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that SET protein accumulates with the increasing density of cultured cells. This phenomenon was observed not only in cancer cell lines but also in non-cancer cell lines. The mRNA levels of SET were not affected by the cell density. Proteasome inhibition decreased SET levels, whereas autophagy inhibition led to SET accumulation, indicating the involvement of autophagy. The mRNA and protein expression of SETBP1, which stabilizes the SET protein, increased with cell density. The decrease in SET level due to the loss of SETBP1 was more pronounced in wild-type cells than that in autophagy-deficient cells. These results have revealed a mechanism underlying the regulation of SET level, wherein increased cell density induces SETBP1 expression and protects SET from autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kohyanagi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics
| | - Nao Kitamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 794-8555 Ehime, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics
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Sousa LO, Sobral LM, de Almeida LO, Garcia CB, Greene LJ, Leopoldino AM. SET protein modulates H4 histone methylation status and regulates miR-137 level in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Epigenomics 2020; 12:475-485. [PMID: 32267167 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Histone acetylation and methylation control gene expression. We investigated the impact of SET knockdown on histone methylation status and the consequences for the miRNAs levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: OSCC cells with and without SET knockdown were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR to determine miRNA levels, and by immunoreactions to histone modifications. Results: The knockdown of SET increased the levels of histone H4K20me2 and miR-137. Still, SET protein binds to the miR-137 promoter region. The transfection of miR-137 mimic reduced the KI67 and Rb proteins and proliferation of OSCC cells. Conclusion: Our results show for the first time a relationship between SET and histone methylation associated with the control of miRNA expression and KI67 and Rb as targets of miR-137 in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Oliveira Sousa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology & Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Cell & Molecular Biology & Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lays Martin Sobral
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology & Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiana Bernadelli Garcia
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology & Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lewis Joel Greene
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology & Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPID/CTC, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréia Machado Leopoldino
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology & Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPID/CTC, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Serifi I, Tzima E, Soupsana K, Karetsou Z, Beis D, Papamarcaki T. The zebrafish homologs of SET/I2PP2A oncoprotein: expression patterns and insights into their physiological roles during development. Biochem J 2016; 473:4609-27. [PMID: 27754889 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20160523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The oncoprotein SET/I2PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor 2) participates in various cellular mechanisms such as transcription, cell cycle regulation and cell migration. SET is also an inhibitor of the serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A, which is involved in the regulation of cell homeostasis. In zebrafish, there are two paralogous set genes that encode Seta (269 amino acids) and Setb (275 amino acids) proteins which share 94% identity. We show here that seta and setb are similarly expressed in the eye, the otic vesicle, the brain and the lateral line system, as indicated by in situ hybridization labeling. Whole-mount immunofluorescence analysis revealed the expression of Seta/b proteins in the eye retina, the olfactory pit and the lateral line neuromasts. Loss-of-function studies using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides targeting both seta and setb genes (MOab) resulted in increased apoptosis, reduced cell proliferation and morphological defects. The morphant phenotypes were partially rescued when MOab was co-injected with human SET mRNA. Knockdown of setb with a transcription-blocking morpholino oligonucleotide (MOb) resulted in phenotypic defects comparable with those induced by setb gRNA (guide RNA)/Cas9 [CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-associated 9] injections. In vivo labeling of hair cells showed a significantly decreased number of neuromasts in MOab-, MOb- and gRNA/Cas9-injected embryos. Microarray analysis of MOab morphant transcriptome revealed differential expression in gene networks controlling transcription in the sensory organs, including the eye retina, the ear and the lateral line. Collectively, our results suggest that seta and setb are required during embryogenesis and play roles in the zebrafish sensory system development.
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