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Preciado-Llanes L, Aulicino A, Canals R, Moynihan PJ, Zhu X, Jambo N, Nyirenda TS, Kadwala I, Sousa Gerós A, Owen SV, Jambo KC, Kumwenda B, Veerapen N, Besra GS, Gordon MA, Hinton JCD, Napolitani G, Salio M, Simmons A. Evasion of MAIT cell recognition by the African Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 pathovar that causes invasive disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20717-28. [PMID: 32788367 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007472117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate T lymphocytes activated by bacteria that produce vitamin B2 metabolites. Mouse models of infection have demonstrated a role for MAIT cells in antimicrobial defense. However, proposed protective roles of MAIT cells in human infections remain unproven and clinical conditions associated with selective absence of MAIT cells have not been identified. We report that typhoidal and nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica strains activate MAIT cells. However, S. Typhimurium sequence type 313 (ST313) lineage 2 strains, which are responsible for the burden of multidrug-resistant nontyphoidal invasive disease in Africa, escape MAIT cell recognition through overexpression of ribB This bacterial gene encodes the 4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase enzyme of the riboflavin biosynthetic pathway. The MAIT cell-specific phenotype did not extend to other innate lymphocytes. We propose that ribB overexpression is an evolved trait that facilitates evasion from immune recognition by MAIT cells and contributes to the invasive pathogenesis of S. Typhimurium ST313 lineage 2.
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Seribelli AA, Gonzales JC, de Almeida F, Benevides L, Cazentini Medeiros MI, Dos Prazeres Rodrigues D, de C Soares S, Allard MW, Falcão JP. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 isolated from humans and food in Brazil presented a high genomic similarity. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:53-64. [PMID: 31728978 PMCID: PMC7058764 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium sequence type 313 (S. Typhimurium ST313) has caused invasive disease mainly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Brazil, ST313 strains have been recently described, and there is a lack of studies that assessed by whole genome sequencing (WGS)-the relationship of these strains. The aims of this work were to study the phylogenetic relationship of 70 S. Typhimurium genomes comparing strains of ST313 (n = 9) isolated from humans and food in Brazil among themselves, with other STs isolated in this country (n = 31) and in other parts of the globe (n = 30) by 16S rRNA sequences, the Gegenees software, whole genome multilocus sequence typing (wgMLST), and average nucleotide identity (ANI) for the genomes of ST313. Additionally, pangenome analysis was performed to verify the heterogeneity of these genomes. The phylogenetic analyses showed that the ST313 genomes were very similar among themselves. However, the ST313 genomes were usually clustered more distantly to other STs of strains isolated in Brazil and in other parts of the world. By pangenome calculation, the core genome was 2,880 CDSs and 4,171 CDSs singletons for all the 70 S. Typhimurium genomes studied. Considering the 10 ST313 genomes analyzed the core genome was 4,112 CDSs and 76 CDSs singletons. In conclusion, the ST313 genomes from Brazil showed a high similarity among them which information might eventually help in the development of vaccines and antibiotics. The pangenome analysis showed that the S. Typhimurium genomes studied presented an open pangenome, but specifically tending to become close for the ST313 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ap Seribelli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. do Café, s/n°-Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Júlia C Gonzales
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. do Café, s/n°-Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. do Café, s/n°-Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Leandro Benevides
- National Laboratory of Scientific Computation - LNCC, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marc W Allard
- Food and Drug Administration - FDA, College Park, MA, USA
| | - Juliana P Falcão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. do Café, s/n°-Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
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Panzenhagen PHN, Paul NC, Conte CA, Costa RG, Rodrigues DP, Shah DH. Genetically distinct lineages of Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 and ST19 are present in Brazil. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:306-316. [PMID: 29396155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, two genetically distinct lineages of multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovar Typhimurium sequence type 313 (ST313) are known to cause invasive disease among people. S. Typhimurium ST313 has evolved to become more human-adapted and is commonly isolated from systemic sites (eg., blood) from febrile patients in sub-Saharan Africa. Epidemiological studies indicate that S. Typhimurium is frequently isolated from systemic sites from human patients in Brazil, however, it is currently unknown if this pathogen has also evolved to become more invasive and human-adapted in this country. Here we determined genotypic and phenotypic divergence among clinical S. Typhimurium strains isolated from systemic and non-systemic sites from human patients in Brazil. We report that a subset (8/38, 20%) of epidemiologically diverse human clinical strains of S. Typhimurium recovered from systemic sites in Brazil show significantly higher intra-macrophage survival, indicating that this subset is likely more invasive. Using the whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic approaches, we identified S. Typhimurium ST313-lineage in Brazil that is genetically and phenotypically distinct from the known African ST313-lineages. We also report the identification of S. Typhimurium ST19-lineage in Brazil that is evolving similar to ST313 lineages from Africa but is genetically and phenotypically distinct from ST19-lineage commonly associated with the gastrointestinal disease worldwide. The identification of new S. Typhimurium ST313 and ST19 lineages responsible for human illnesses in Brazil warrants further epidemiological investigations to determine the incidence and spread of a genetically divergent population of this important human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique N Panzenhagen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; Food Science Program, Chemistry Institute, University Federal of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Narayan C Paul
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Carlos A Conte
- Food Science Program, Chemistry Institute, University Federal of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, RJ, Brazil; Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Renata G Costa
- National Reference Laboratory for Diagnosis of Enteric Bacteria, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dália P Rodrigues
- National Reference Laboratory for Diagnosis of Enteric Bacteria, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, RJ, Brazil
| | - Devendra H Shah
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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García V, Mandomando I, Ruiz J, Herrera-León S, Alonso PL, Rodicio MR. Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis causing mixed infections in febrile children in Mozambique. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:195-204. [PMID: 29430190 PMCID: PMC5797457 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s147243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Invasive nontyphoidal salmonellosis, mostly caused by serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis of Salmonella enterica, has emerged as a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was the clinical and microbiological characterization of nontyphoidal salmonellosis episodes affecting febrile children in Mozambique. Patients and methods The clinical records of the patients were evaluated, and S. enterica isolates were characterized with regard to serovar, phage type, antimicrobial resistance (phenotype/responsible genes), plasmid content, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing. Results Fifteen S. Typhimurium and 21 S. Enteritidis isolates were recovered from blood samples of 25 children, the majority with underlying risk factors. With regard to phage typing, most isolates were either untypeable or reacted but did not conform, revealing that a number of previously unrecognized patterns are circulating in Mozambique. Most isolates were multidrug-resistant, with nearly all of the responsible genes located on derivatives of serovar-specific virulence plasmids. ST313 and ST11 were the predominant sequence types associated with S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, respectively, and the uncommon ST1479 was also detected in S. Enteritidis. A distinct XbaI fragment of ~350 kb was associated with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of multidrug-resistant isolates of S. Enteritidis. Nearly half of the children were coinfected with both serovars, a fact expected to aggravate the disease and hamper the treatment. However, particularly poor outcomes were not observed for the coinfected patients. Conclusion Mixed Salmonella infections could frequently occur in febrile children in Mozambique. Additional studies are required to determine their actual impact and consequences, not only in this country, but also in other African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa García
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Inácio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça.,Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Joaquim Ruiz
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - Silvia Herrera-León
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro L Alonso
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique.,ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - M Rosario Rodicio
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Almeida F, Seribelli AA, da Silva P, Medeiros MIC, Dos Prazeres Rodrigues D, Moreira CG, Allard MW, Falcão JP. Multilocus sequence typing of Salmonella Typhimurium reveals the presence of the highly invasive ST313 in Brazil. Infect Genet Evol 2017; 51:41-44. [PMID: 28288927 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Almeida
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Patrick da Silva
- UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marc W Allard
- Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States.
| | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ramachandran G, Aheto K, Shirtliff ME, Tennant SM. Poor biofilm-forming ability and long-term survival of invasive Salmonella Typhimurium ST313. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw049. [PMID: 27222487 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, an enteric pathogen that causes a self-limiting gastroenteritis, forms biofilms on different surfaces. In sub-Saharan Africa, Salmonella Typhimurium of a novel sequence type (ST) 313 was identified and produces septicemia in the absence of gastroenteritis. No animal reservoir has been identified, and it is hypothesized that transmission occurs via human to human. In this study, we show that invasive Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 strains from Mali are poor biofilm producers compared to Salmonella Typhimurium ST19 strains, which are found worldwide and are known to be associated with gastroenteritis. We evaluated biofilms using crystal violet staining, examination of the red, dry and rough morphotype, pellicle formation and a continuous flow system. One month-old Salmonella Typhimurium ST19 colonies survived in the absence of exogenous nutrients and were highly resistant to sodium hypochlorite treatment compared to Salmonella Typhimurium ST313. This study for the first time demonstrates the comparative biofilm-forming ability and long-term survival of clinical Salmonella Typhimurium ST19 and ST313 isolates. Salmonella Typhimurium ST19 strains are strong biofilm producers and can survive desiccation compared to Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 that form weak biofilms and survive poorly following desiccation. Our data suggest that like Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 lack mechanisms that allow it to persist in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Ramachandran
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD 21201, USA
| | - Komi Aheto
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mark E Shirtliff
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sharon M Tennant
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD 21201, USA
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Ley B, Le Hello S, Lunguya O, Lejon V, Muyembe JJ, Weill FX, Jacobs J. Invasive Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium infections, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2007-2011. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20:701-4. [PMID: 24655438 PMCID: PMC3966400 DOI: 10.3201/eid2004.131488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium sequence type (ST) 313 is associated with high rates of drug resistance, bloodstream infections, and death. To determine whether ST313 is dominant in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, we studied 180 isolates collected during 2007–2011; 96% belonged to CRISPOL type CT28, which is associated with ST313.
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