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Silva AM, Félix LM, Teixeira I, Martins-Gomes C, Schäfer J, Souto EB, Santos DJ, Bunzel M, Nunes FM. Orange thyme: Phytochemical profiling, in vitro bioactivities of extracts and potential health benefits. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100171. [PMID: 34901827 PMCID: PMC8639431 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of orange thyme as food, condiments and infusions has health benefits. Phytochemical characterization of hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts was performed. Orange thyme extracts present neuroprotective, anti-aging and antioxidant activity. Orange thyme extracts present high anti-inflammatory activity with no cytotoxicity.
Orange thyme (Thymus fragrantissimus) is becoming widely used in food as a condiment and herbal tea, nevertheless its chemical composition and potential bioactivities are largely unknown. Thus the objective of this work is to obtain a detailed phytochemical profile of T. fragrantissimus by exhaustive ethanolic extraction and by aqueous decoction mimicking its consumption. Extracts showed high content in rosmarinic acid, luteolin-O-hexuronide and eriodictyol-O-hexuronide; these were the main phenolic compounds present in orange thyme accounting for 85% of the total phenolic compounds. Orange thyme extracts presented high scavenging activity against nitric oxide and superoxide radicals. Both extracts presented significant inhibitory effect of tyrosinase activity and moderate anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. Both extracts showed a good in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and a weak anti-proliferative/cytotoxic activity against Caco-2 and HepG2 cell lines supporting its safe use. Orange thyme is a very good source of bioactive compounds with potential use in different food and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA-ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís M Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Teixeira
- Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA-ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,Chemistry Research Center -Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Judith Schäfer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Dario J Santos
- Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA-ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Chemistry Research Center -Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando M Nunes
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal Vila Real, Portugal
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Taghouti M, Martins-Gomes C, Félix LM, Schäfer J, Santos JA, Bunzel M, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Polyphenol composition and biological activity of Thymus citriodorus and Thymus vulgaris: Comparison with endemic Iberian Thymus species. Food Chem 2020; 331:127362. [PMID: 32590268 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The polyphenol compositions of Thymus × citriodorus and Thymus vulgaris extracts as obtained by exhaustive hydroethanolic (HE) extraction and aqueous decoction (AD) were compared. In addition, their compositions and bioactivities were compared to those of Thymus pulegioides and Thymus mastichina, grown under the same edaphoclimatic conditions, and Thymus carnosus. Rosmarinic acid was the most abundant polyphenol followed by luteolin-hexuronide, salvianolic acids I and K. Cluster analysis suggests a similarity of the polyphenol composition of T. citriodorus and T. vulgaris. A significant antioxidant activity was observed and correlated with their polyphenol levels. The same being observed for the higher anti-proliferative activity/cytotoxicity of HE extracts on Caco-2 and HepG2 cells as compared to AD extracts. Significant association between the total phenolic compounds with the anti-proliferative activity, for both cell lines, was observed. These results support the importance of salvianolic acids levels in Thymus extracts and their in vitro anti-proliferative/cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Taghouti
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal; Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, Chemistry Research Centre Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal; Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, Chemistry Research Centre Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís M Félix
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Judith Schäfer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - João A Santos
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Technology, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fernando M Nunes
- Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, Chemistry Research Centre Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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