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Espino M, Eguiraun H, Diaz de Cerio O, Carrero JA, Etxebarria N, Martinez I. Antioxidant Activities and Selenogene Transcription in the European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Liver Depend, in a Non-linear Manner, on the Se/Hg Molar Ratio of the Feeds. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2365-2379. [PMID: 34331176 PMCID: PMC9023391 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Feeding 3.9 and 6.7 mg Hg/kg (Se/Hg molar ratios of 0.8 and 0.4, respectively) for 14 days negatively affected Dicentrarchus labrax growth and total DNTB- and thioredoxin-reductase (TrxR) activities and the transcription of four redox genes (txn1, gpx1, txnrd3, and txnrd2) in the liver, but a diet with 0.5 mg Hg/kg (Se/Hg molar ratio 6.6) slightly increased both reductase activities and the transcription of txn1, gpx1, and txnrd2. Feeding 6.7 mg Hg/kg for 53 days downregulated the genes of the thioredoxin system (txn1, txnrd3, and txnrd2) but upregulated gpx1, confirming the previously proposed complementarity among the antioxidant systems. Substitution of 20% of the feed by thawed white fish (hake) slightly counteracted the negative effects of Hg. The effects were not statistically significant and were dependent, in a non-linear manner, on the Se/Hg molar ratio of the feed but not on its Hg concentration. These results stress the need to consider the Se/Hg molar ratio of the feed/food when evaluating the toxicity of Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinelle Espino
- Research Center for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology - Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza 47, 48620, Plentzia, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC/AQD), 5021, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines.
| | - Harkaitz Eguiraun
- Research Center for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology - Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza 47, 48620, Plentzia, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Graphic Design & Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Oihane Diaz de Cerio
- Research Center for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology - Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza 47, 48620, Plentzia, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Carrero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Research Center for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology - Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza 47, 48620, Plentzia, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iciar Martinez
- Research Center for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology - Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza 47, 48620, Plentzia, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, 48009, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.
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