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Akagi R, Ishii A, Kaneko K, Kondo N, Yokoi H, Matsubara T, Minamiguchi S, Kanno Y, Yanagita M. A report of three cases of patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis with IgM-positive plasma cells, treatment, and serum-IgM as a sensitive marker for relapse. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:201. [PMID: 37403069 PMCID: PMC10318630 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubulointerstitial nephritis with IgM-positive plasma cells (IgMPC-TIN) is a newer disease about which there are many unclear points. Glucocorticoid therapy is effective in many cases of IgMPC-TIN; however, relapse during glucocorticoid tapering has been reported. Relapse and its treatment are poorly defined. CASE PRESENTATION Case 1 was a 61-year-old man with renal dysfunction and proteinuria. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and IgM-positive plasma cells were observed in a renal biopsy. He was diagnosed with IgMPC-TIN accompanied by Fanconi syndrome and distal renal tubular acidosis (d-RTA). Prednisolone (PSL; 30 mg daily, 0.45 mg/kg/day) treatment was highly effective, and PSL was gradually tapered and discontinued after 1 year. However, 1 month after PSL discontinuation, therapeutic markers were elevated. Therefore, PSL (10 mg daily, 0.15 mg/kg/day) was administered, and the markers indicated improvement. Case 2 was a 43-year-old woman referred for renal dysfunction and proteinuria. Laboratory data revealed that she had primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), d-RTA, and Fanconi syndrome. A renal biopsy showed accumulation of IgM-positive plasma cells in the tubulointerstitium without any glomerular changes. A diagnosis of IgMPC-TIN was made and the patient was started on PSL (35 mg daily, 0.6 mg/kg/day). Therapeutic markers decreased immediately and PSL was discontinued after 1 year. Three months later, the proteinuria and Fanconi syndrome worsened. PSL treatment was restarted (20 mg daily, 0.35 mg/kg/day) and markers indicated improvement. Case 3 was a 45-year-old woman with renal dysfunction and proteinuria. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and IgM-positive plasma cells were observed in a renal biopsy. The patient had PBC, Sjögren syndrome, d-RTA, and Fanconi syndrome, and the diagnosis of IgMPC-TIN was made. The patient was started on PSL (30 mg daily, 0.4 mg/kg/day) and disease markers decreased immediately. However, when PSL was tapered to 15 mg daily (0.2 mg/kg/day), the patient's serum IgM levels increased; therefore, we maintained the PSL at 15 mg daily (0.2 mg/kg/day). CONCLUSION We report three cases of relapsed IgMPC-TIN associated with reduction or discontinuation of glucocorticoid therapy. In these cases, elevation of serum IgM preceded that of other markers such as urinary β2-microglobulin, proteinuria, and glycosuria. We recommend monitoring serum IgM levels while tapering glucocorticoids; a maintenance dose of glucocorticoid should be considered if relapse is suspected or anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Akagi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Akira Ishii
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Keiichi Kaneko
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Naoya Kondo
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, 17 Yamadahirao-Cho, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8257 Japan
| | - Hideki Yokoi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsubara
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Sachiko Minamiguchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kanno
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023 Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
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Bai Z, Li Q, Chen Q, Niu C, Wei Y, Huang H, Zhao W, Chen N, Yao X, Zhang Q, Mu C, Feng J, Zhu C, Li Z, Ding M, Feng B, Jin C, Lu X, Yang Y, Wu S, Shu X, Hu L, Qiu H, Huang Y. Clinical significance of serum IgM and IgG levels in COVID-19 patients in Hubei Province, China. J Intensive Med 2021; 2:32-38. [PMID: 36785701 PMCID: PMC8487787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background There have been many studies about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the clinical significance of quantitative serum severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific IgM and IgG levels of COVID-19 patients have not been exhaustively analyzed. We aimed to investigate the time profiles of these IgM/IgG levels in COVID-19 patients and their correlations with clinical features. Methods A multicenter clinical study was conducted from February 20 to March 5 2020. It involved 179 COVID-19 patients (108 males and 71 females) from five hospitals in Huangshi in Hubei Province, China. To detect SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM/IgG, quantitative antibody assays (two-step indirect immunoassays with direct chemiluminescence technology) based on the nucleocapsid protein (NP) and spike protein 1 (S1) were used. For normally distributed data, means were compared using the t-test, χ 2-test, or exact probability method. For categorical data, medians were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Results The median age was 57 (44-69) years (58 [38-69] for males and 57 [49-68] for females). The median duration of positive nucleic acid test was 22.32 (17.34-27.43) days. The mortality rate was relatively low (3/179, 1.68%). Serum SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG was detected around week 1 after illness onset, gradually increased until peaking in weeks 4 and 5, and then declined. Serum IgM peaked in weeks 2 and 3, then gradually declined and returned to its normal range by week 7 in all patients. Notably, children had milder respiratory symptoms with lower SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM/IgG levels. The duration of positive nucleic acid test in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) group was 30.36 (18.99-34.76) days, which was significantly longer than that in the non-COPD group (21.52 [16.75-26.51] days; P = 0.025). The peak serum SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG was significantly positively correlated with the duration of positive nucleic acid test. The incidence rate of severe and critical cases in the IgMhi group (using the median IgM level of 29.95 AU/mL as the cutoff for grouping) was about 38.0% (19/50), which was twice as much as that in the IgMlo group (18.4%; 9/49). The patients with positive chest imaging and lymphocytopenia (<1 × 109/L) had a higher SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM level. Conclusions Quantitative SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG levels are helpful for the diagnosis, severity classification, and management of COVID-19 patients, and they should be monitored in each stage of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Bai
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Qinghui Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, China
| | - Changming Niu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Department of Respirology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Hanpeng Huang
- Department of Respirology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Hospital Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211112, China
| | - Nian Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211103, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211103, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Respirology, Southeast University Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Chuanyong Mu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Chuanlong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211103, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Emergency, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Respirology, Southeast University Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Binhui Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China
| | - Chaochao Jin
- Department of Oncology, Huangshi Hospital of TCM (Infectious Disease Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Run Hospital Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211112, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Shuiyan Wu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, China
| | - Xiaochen Shu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215031, China
| | - Lifang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215031, China
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - YingZi Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- Corresponding author: Yingzi Huang, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University; 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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Nandi A, Banerjee G, Dan SK, Ghosh K, Ray AK. Evaluation of In Vivo Probiotic Efficiency of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in Labeo rohita Challenged by Pathogenic Strain of Aeromonas hydrophila MTCC 1739. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 10:391-8. [PMID: 28744833 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Diseases in aquatic organisms, including fish, are a major concern in aquaculture production. In this present investigation, we have evaluated the beneficial effects of dietary Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCF7 (GenBank Acc. No. KP256501) supplementation in rohu (Labeo rohita) challenged by a pathogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophila MTCC 1739. Four experimental diets were formulated: control diet (no probiotics) and three experimental diets (different concentrations of probiotic candidate B. amyloliquefaciens CCF7 at 105 (T1), 107 (T2), 109 (T3) CFU/g). Further, we have divided the feeding trial into pre-challenge (70 days) and post-challenge (28 days) periods and various immune parameters (serum protein, globulin, albumin, lysozyme, and IgM), and stress parameters (malondialdehyde, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) were examined during both the periods. Throughout the entire experiment, control group was fed with probiotic free basal diet, while the treatment groups received probiotic supplemented diets (PSD). After challenge test, serum aspartate transaminase (AST), serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity, and liver malondialdehyde level have increased significantly in control groups; however, level of these parameters were considerably lower in fish fed with PSD. In contrast, liver catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and serum globulin concentration was significantly higher in the group fed with T3 diet followed by T2. Furthermore, an elevated level of serum IgM and higher activity of serum lysozyme was also recorded in PSD fed groups, especially for T3 group which confirmed the probiotic efficiency of the bacterium B. amyloliquefaciens CCF7. We strongly believe that B. amyloliquefaciens CCF7 will be a good probiotic candidate in aquaculture industries.
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