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Lee KS, Lee DW, Park J, Kim HY, Yun JY, Hong YC, Lee N. Association between sickness presenteeism and depressive symptoms in Korean workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:344-351. [PMID: 36116605 PMCID: PMC9477787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, Korean workers have reported various types of sickness presenteeism (SP: continuing to attend work during illness). Understanding SP through mental health perspectives will help to make practical strategy for better working conditions. We examined the association between SP and depression among Korean workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation with the socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. METHODS Data from the 2020 Korean Community Health Survey were used as a representative nationwide sample dataset. We surveyed the experience of depression in the last two weeks from individuals who worked more than a week recently. We investigated the associations between SP and depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were scored using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the significance of the associations. RESULTS Analysis of the data obtained from 84,514 participants revealed that 1700 (2.2 %) participants reported experiencing depressive symptoms in 2020. Employees with SP showed higher association with depressive symptoms than employers or self-employed individuals (OR = 2.18, 95 % CI: 1.85, 2.56 among employees vs. OR = 1.76, 95 % CI: 1.29, 2.40 among employers or self-employed individuals). CONCLUSION SP has become more prominent during the COVID-19 pandemic. A protective strategy against SP among vulnerable workers is necessary for a healthier and safer society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Shin Lee
- Public Health Research Institute, National Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Lee
- Public Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JooYong Park
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Public Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nami Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Human Rights Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Aronsson G, Hagberg J, Björklund C, Aboagye E, Marklund S, Leineweber C, Bergström G. Health and motivation as mediators of the effects of job demands, job control, job support, and role conflicts at work and home on sickness presenteeism and absenteeism. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:409-18. [PMID: 33099673 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01591-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The first objective was to contribute to a better understanding of the contrasting and paradoxical results in studies of work environment factors and sickness presence and sickness absence. A second objective was to examine if, and under what conditions, employees choose to replace sickness absence with sickness presence, i.e., so-called substitution. Methods The study utilizes a large body of cross-sectional questionnaire data (n = 130,161) gathered in Sweden from 2002 to 2007 in connection with a comprehensive health promotion initiative. Health and motivation were analyzed as mediators of the effects of five job factors, job control, job support, job demand, role conflict and “work to family conflict” on sickness presence and absence. Results The results concerning job demands indicate substitution in that increased job demands are associated with increased presenteeism and reduced absenteeism. The direct effect of higher job support was increased absenteeism, but via the health and motivation paths, the total effect of more social support was health-promoting and associated with a reduction in sickness absence and sickness presence. High job control emerged as the most pronounced health-promoting factor, reducing sickness presenteeism as well as absenteeism. More role conflicts and work-to-family conflicts were directly and indirectly associated with decreased health and increased absenteeism as well as presenteeism. earlier research. Conclusion The mediation analyzes shed light on some of the paradoxes in research on sickness presenteeism and sickness absenteeism, especially regarding job demands and job support. The substitution effect is important for workplace policy and occupational health practice.
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Park JW, Cho SS, Lee J, Hwang J, Kim JI, Kim BG, Hong YS. Association between employment status and sickness presenteeism among Korean employees: a cross-sectional study. Ann Occup Environ Med 2020; 32:e17. [PMID: 32676195 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sickness presenteeism (SP) indicates “going to work while being ill.” The importance of SP has only recently been investigated, and the association between SP and employment status has been inconsistent across studies. Therefore, we conducted this study to explore the association between SP and employment status by using presenteeism propensity (PP), which can reflect the individual decision-making process. Methods The study population included employees participating in the 5th Korean Working Condition Survey. We analyzed data of only employees with at least one health event, which was calculated as the sum of SP and sickness absenteeism days. Employment status was grouped into 3 categories: stable employment, unstable employment (contract period ≥ 1 year), and unstable employment (contract period < 1 year). Survey-weighted logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between employment status and PP (dichotomized as “≤ 0.5” and “> 0.5”). Results Unstable employees (contract period ≥ 1 year) had higher odds of PP than stable employees (odds ratio [OR]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.47), whereas unstable employees (contract period < 1 year) had lower odds of PP than stable employees (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.71–0.96). Conclusions Employment status was associated with SP. Given the negative health impact of SP, social efforts, such as paid sick leave, are required to reduce SP and enhance the health status of unstable workers.
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Farah R, Malaeb D, Sacre H, Akel M, Hallit S, Salameh P. Factors associated with work impairment and productivity among Lebanese community pharmacists. Int J Clin Pharm 2020; 42:1097-1108. [PMID: 32638293 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-020-01087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Community pharmacists provide an essential service by promoting, maintaining and improving the health of the community. However, factors affecting community pharmacists' work productivity remain poorly studied. Objective Our study aimed to assess, on a national level, work productivity components and its correlates among Lebanese community pharmacists. Methods: The study was carried out between March and July 2018, using a representative sample of community pharmacies from all districts of Lebanon. Main outcome measure: The work productivity components were assessed using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire. Results The study included 435 community pharmacists, the prevalence of sickness presenteeism and sickness absenteeism reached 91% and 45%, respectively. Presenteeism was positively associated with reporting higher depression score (β = 0.26) and insomnia (β = 0.20) whereas better mental (β = - 0.35) and physical health (β = - 0.38) were negatively associated with presenteeism. Absenteeism was positively associated with male gender (adjusted OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.14-3.70), reporting higher depression score (adjusted OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.11) and negatively associated with better mental and physical health (adjusted OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.90-0.96 and adjusted OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99; respectively). Activity impairment was positively associated with depression (β = 0.16) and insomnia (β = 0.12) and negatively associated with better mental (β = - 0.22) and physical health (β = - 0.015). Conclusion This is the first study assessing work productivity and activity impairment among Lebanese community pharmacists. Further research is needed to predict sickness absenteeism and presenteeism and this information will be useful to ensure quality of care is delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Farah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie- Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Life Sciences and Health Department, Paris-Est University, Paris, France
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie- Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie- Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie- Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie- Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Kaldjian LC, Shinkunas LA, Reisinger HS, Polacco MA, Perencevich EN. Attitudes about sickness presenteeism in medical training: is there a hidden curriculum? Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:149. [PMID: 31508227 PMCID: PMC6727412 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sickness presenteeism among healthcare professionals can compromise patient safety. To better understand what motivates this phenomenon, especially among trainees, the authors investigated attitudes of medical students, resident physicians, and faculty physicians about working when sick with what might be an infectious condition. Methods In 2012–2013, the authors employed a mixed methods, two-stage, cross-sectional survey at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics of medical students (third-year students in the first survey and fourth-year students in the second survey), resident physicians in Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Family Medicine (first-year residents in the first survey and second-year residents in the second survey), and faculty physicians in Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Family Medicine. The first survey included one open-ended question querying attitudes about sickness presenteeism, answers to which underwent content analysis that identified 17 codes used to develop 23 additional closed-ended questions for a second survey. Results 127 participants completed the second survey (44% response rate). Sixty percent of these participants felt obligated to work when sick; and 33% felt obligated to work with influenza-like symptoms (fever, myalgias, cough), with residents and students being more likely to do so than faculty (67% vs. 35% vs. 14%, p = 0.001). Most participants (83%) were motivated to work when sick to avoid creating more work for colleagues, and residents and students were more likely than faculty physicians to want to avoid negative repercussions (84% vs 71% vs. 25%, p < 0.001) or appear lazy or weak (89% vs 75% vs. 40%, p < 0.001). Most participants also recognized the need to avoid spreading infections to patients (81%) or colleagues (75%). Conclusions When deciding whether to work when sick, students, residents, and faculty report a mixture of motivations that focus on the interests of patients, colleagues, and themselves. Awareness of these mixed motivations, particularly among trainees, can help inform interventions aimed at limiting instances of sickness presenteeism to support a culture of patient safety and counter any tendencies toward a hidden curriculum of efficiency and achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauris C Kaldjian
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA.,2Program in Bioethics and Humanities, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 500 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Laura A Shinkunas
- 2Program in Bioethics and Humanities, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 500 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Heather Schacht Reisinger
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA.,3Center for Comprehensive Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Marc A Polacco
- 4Department of Otolaryngology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH USA
| | - Eli N Perencevich
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA.,3Center for Comprehensive Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA USA
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Nordenmark M, Hagqvist E, Vinberg S. Sickness Presenteeism among the Self-employed and Employed in Northwestern Europe-The Importance of Time Demands. Saf Health Work 2019; 10:224-228. [PMID: 31297286 PMCID: PMC6598842 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background European policymakers encourage individuals to become self-employed because it is a way to promote innovation and job creation. It can be assumed that health and well-being among the self-employed and managers in small-scale enterprises are particularly crucial in this enterprise group because the smallness of the enterprise makes its members vulnerable. Earlier studies have indicated that the self-employed have a high working pace and work for long and irregular hours, indicating that it can be difficult to stay at home because of sickness. The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurrence of sickness presenteeism among the self-employed in relation to the organizationally employed and to analyze whether any differences can be explained by higher work demands among the self-employed. Methods The study is based on the fifth European survey on working conditions (2010) and includes the northwestern European countries in the survey. The questions cover a wide range of topics designed to meet the European Union's political needs. The main variables in this study are sickness presenteeism and several indicators of time demands. Results The results show that the self-employed report a higher level of sickness presenteeism than the employed: 52.4 versus 43.6%. All indicators of time demands are significantly related to the risk for sickness presenteeism, also when controlling for background characteristics. Conclusion The results confirm that the level of sickness presenteeism is higher among the self-employed and that high time demands are a major explanation to this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Nordenmark
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Health Sciences, 831 25, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Emma Hagqvist
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Health Sciences, 831 25, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Stig Vinberg
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Health Sciences, 831 25, Östersund, Sweden
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Oshio T, Tsutsumi A, Inoue A, Suzuki T, Miyaki K. The reciprocal relationship between sickness presenteeism and psychological distress in response to job stressors: evidence from a three-wave cohort study. J Occup Health 2017; 59:552-561. [PMID: 28993575 PMCID: PMC5721277 DOI: 10.1539/joh.17-0178-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sickness presenteeism (SP) is postulated as workers' response to their general state of health; hence, SP is expected to affect workers' future health. In the present study, we examined the reciprocal relationship between SP and health in response to job stressors, with specific reference to psychological distress (PD) as workers' state of health. METHODS We conducted mediation analysis, using data from a three-wave cohort occupational survey conducted at 1-year intervals in Japan; it involved 1,853 employees (1,661 men and 192 women) of a manufacturing firm. We measured SP and PD, using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire and Kessler 6 score, respectively. For job stressors, we considered job demands and control, effort and reward, and procedural and interactional justice. RESULTS PD mediated 11.5%-36.2% of the impact of job control, reward, and procedural and interactional justice on SP, whereas SP mediated their impact on PD, albeit to a much lesser extent in the range of 3.4%-11.3%. Unlike in the cases of these job stressors related to job resources, neither SP nor PD mediated the impact of job demands or effort. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed the reciprocal relationship between SP and PD in response to selected types of job stressors, emphasizing the need for more in-depth analysis of the dynamics of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Oshio
- Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University
| | - Akizumi Tsutsumi
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Akiomi Inoue
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Tomoko Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Koichi Miyaki
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare
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Brämberg EB, Bergström G, Jensen I, Hagberg J, Kwak L. Effects of yoga, strength training and advice on back pain: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:132. [PMID: 28356091 PMCID: PMC5372262 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among the working population, non-specific low-back pain and neck pain are one of the most common reasons for sickness absenteeism. The aim was to evaluate the effects of an early intervention of yoga - compared with strength training or evidence-based advice - on sickness absenteeism, sickness presenteeism, back and neck pain and disability among a working population. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 159 participants with predominantly (90%) chronic back and neck pain. After screening, the participants were randomized to kundalini yoga, strength training or evidence-based advice. Primary outcome was sickness absenteeism. Secondary outcomes were sickness presenteeism, back and neck pain and disability. Self-reported questionnaires and SMS text messages were completed at baseline, 6 weeks, 6 and 12 months. Results The results did not indicate that kundalini yoga and strength training had any statistically significant effects on the primary outcome compared with evidence-based advice. An interaction effect was found between adherence to recommendations and sickness absenteeism, indicating larger significant effects among the adherers to kundalini yoga versus evidence-based advice: RR = 0.47 (CI 0.30; 0.74, p = 0.001), strength training versus evidence-based advice: RR = 0.60 (CI 0.38; 0.96, p = 0.032). Some significant differences were also found for the secondary outcomes to the advantage of kundalini yoga and strength training. Conclusions Guided exercise in the forms of kundalini yoga or strength training does not reduce sickness absenteeism more than evidence-based advice alone. However, secondary analyses reveal that among those who pursue kundalini yoga or strength training at least two times a week, a significantly reduction in sickness absenteeism was found. Methods to increase adherence to treatment recommendations should be further developed and applied in exercise interventions. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01653782, date of registration: June, 28, 2012, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Björk Brämberg
- Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nobels väg 13, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gunnar Bergström
- Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nobels väg 13, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Solnavägen 4, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irene Jensen
- Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nobels väg 13, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Hagberg
- Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nobels väg 13, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lydia Kwak
- Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nobels väg 13, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Al Nuhait M, Al Harbi K, Al Jarboa A, Bustami R, Alharbi S, Masud N, Albekairy A, Almodaimegh H. Sickness presenteeism among health care providers in an academic tertiary care center in Riyadh. J Infect Public Health 2017; 10:711-715. [PMID: 28343794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The term sickness presenteeism (SP) has been described as the act of going to work despite having a state of health that may be regarded as poor enough to justify sick leave. SP has been observed to be prevalent among three-quarters of health care providers (HCPs). Working while sick not only puts patients at risk but also decreases productivity and increases the probability of medical errors. Moreover, SP has been identified as a risk factor for many negative health outcomes among the HCPs themselves, such as depression, burnout, and serious cardiac events. The aim of this study was to identify the reasons for and prevalence of SP and perceptions of the impact of this practice on patient safety among HCPs. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 279 purposively selected healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses, dentists, pharmacists and other health care professionals) working at the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs-King Abdulaziz Medical City (MNGHA-KAMC). While nearly all of the participants (91%) believed that working while sick exposed patients to risk, the rate of SP during the past year was reported as 74%, and one fourth of respondents reported working while sick 3-4 times during the past year. More than half of the participants were not aware of the existence of a departmental policy regarding sick leave. The most common reasons reported for working while sick were not wanting to burden co-workers (71%), feelings of duty toward patients (67%), and avoiding an increased future workload caused by absence (59%). A lack of awareness regarding the existing rules and polices related to sick leave was reported by more than half of the participants. Several predisposing and enabling factors were reported as determinants influencing SP, e.g., observation of the practice of SP by peers and feelings of sympathy towards coworkers, including not wanting to overburden them, were reported to be determinants informing the decision of whether to work while sick.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al Nuhait
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khaled Al Harbi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Al Jarboa
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Bustami
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shmaylan Alharbi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazish Masud
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkareem Albekairy
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Almodaimegh
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Christensen JR, Bredahl TVG, Hadrévi J, Sjøgaard G, Søgaard K. Background, design and conceptual model of the cluster randomized multiple-component workplace study: FRamed Intervention to Decrease Occupational Muscle pain - "FRIDOM". BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1116. [PMID: 27776506 PMCID: PMC5078938 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several RCT studies have aimed to reduce either musculoskeletal disorders, sickness presenteeism, sickness absenteeism or a combination of these among females with high physical work demands. These studies have provided evidence that workplace health promotion (WHP) interventions are effective, but long-term effects are still uncertain. These studies either lack to succeed in maintaining intervention effects or lack to document if effects are maintained past a one-year period. This paper describes the background, design and conceptual model of the FRIDOM (FRamed Intervention to Decrease Occupational Muscle pain) WHP program among health care workers. A job group characterized by having high physical work demands, musculoskeletal disorders, high sickness presenteeism - and absenteeism. Methods FRIDOM aimed to reduce neck and shoulder pain. Secondary aims were to decrease sickness presenteeism, sickness absenteeism and lifestyle-diseases such as other musculoskeletal disorders as well as metabolic-, and cardiovascular disorders – and to maintain participation to regular physical exercise training, after a one year intervention period. The entire concept was tailored to a population of female health care workers. This was done through a multi-component intervention including 1) intelligent physical exercise training (IPET), dietary advice and weight loss (DAW) and cognitive behavioural training (CBT). Discussion The FRIDOM program has the potential to provide evidence-based knowledge of the pain reducing effect of a multi component WHP among a female group of employees with a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and in a long term perspective evaluate the effects on sickness presenteeism and absenteeism as well as risk of life-style diseases. Trial registration NCT02843269, 06.27.2016 - retrospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3758-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Reffstrup Christensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Viskum Gjelstrup Bredahl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jenny Hadrévi
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gisela Sjøgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Karen Søgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
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Gustafsson Sendén M, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Fridner A. Gender differences in Reasons for Sickness Presenteeism - a study among GPs in a Swedish health care organization. Ann Occup Environ Med 2016; 28:50. [PMID: 27660717 PMCID: PMC5028976 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-016-0136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is common that physicians go to work while sick and therefore it is important to understand the reasons behind. Previous research has shown that women and men differ in health and health related behavior. In this study, we examine gender differences among general practitioners who work while sick. Methods General practitioners (GP’s) working in outpatient care in a Swedish city participated in the study (n = 283; women = 63 %; response rate = 41 %). Data were obtained from a large web-based questionnaire about health and organization within primary care. Two questions about sickness presenteeism (going to work while sick) were included; life-long and during the past 12 months, and five questions about reasons. We controlled for general health, work-family conflict and demographic variables. Results Female physicians reported sickness presenteeism more often than male physicians. Work-family conflict mediated the association between gender and sickness presenteeism. Women reported reasons related with “concern for others” and “workload” more strongly than men. Men reported reasons related with “capacity” and “money” more strongly than women. These differences are likely effects of gender stereotyping and different family-responsibilities. Conclusions Gender socialization and gender stereotypes may influence work and health-related behavior. Because sickness presenteeism is related with negative effects both on individuals and at organizational levels, it is important that managers of health organizations understand the reasons for this, and how gender roles may influence the prevalence of sickness presenteeism and the reasons that female and male GPs give for their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ann Fridner
- Department of psychology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Skagen K, Collins AM. The consequences of sickness presenteeism on health and wellbeing over time: A systematic review. Soc Sci Med 2016; 161:169-77. [PMID: 27310723 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The association between sickness presenteeism, defined as going to work despite illness, and different health outcomes is increasingly being recognized as a significant and relevant area of research. However, the long term effects on future employee health are less well understood, and to date there has been no review of the empirical evidence. The aim of this systematic review was to present a summary of the sickness presenteeism evidence so far in relation to health and wellbeing over time. METHODS Eight databases were searched for longitudinal studies that investigated the consequences of workplace sickness presenteeism, had a baseline and at least one follow-up point, and included at least one specific measure of sickness presenteeism. Of the 453 papers identified, 12 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. FINDINGS We adopted a thematic approach to the analysis because of the heterogeneous nature of the sickness presenteeism research. The majority of studies found that sickness presenteeism at baseline is a risk factor for future sickness absence and decreased self-rated health. However, our findings highlight that a consensus has not yet been reached in terms of physical and mental health. This is because the longitudinal studies included in this review adopt a wide variety of approaches including the definition of sickness presenteeism, recall periods, measures used and different statistical approaches which is problematic if this research area is to advance. Future research directions are discussed.
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