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Wang YL, Wang JJ, Lou XC, Zou H, Zhao YE. Clinical usefulness of the baby vision test in young children and its correlation with the Snellen chart. Int J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:348-352. [PMID: 38371254 PMCID: PMC10827630 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.02.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the efficacy of a new visual acuity (VA) screening method, the baby vision test for young children. METHODS A total 105 eyes of 65 children aged 2-8y were included in the study. Acuity testing was conducted using a standardized recognition acuity chart (Snellen visual chart: at 3 m) and the baby vision model assessment. The baby vision device includes a screen, a near infrared camera and a computer. Children were seated at a measured distance of 33-40 cm from a display for testing. VA was estimated according to the highest resolution the children could follow. Decimal VA data were converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) for statistical analysis. The VA results for each child were recorded and analyzed for consistency. RESULTS The mean VA measured using the Snellen visual chart was 0.62±0.32, and that assessed using the baby vision test was 0.66±0.27. The 95% limit of agreement was -0.609 to 0.695, with 95.2% (100/105) plots within the 95% limits of agreement. VA values of the baby vision test were significantly correlated with those of the Snellen chart (R=0.274, P=0.005). CONCLUSION The baby vision test can be used as a relatively reliable method for estimating VA in young children. This new acuity assessment might be a valid predictor of optotype-measured acuity later in preverbal children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lan Wang
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Jun Wang
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xi-Cong Lou
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Han Zou
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yun-E Zhao
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
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Nandzik M, Wylęgała E, Wylęgała A, Szkodny D, Roszkowska AM, Wróblewska-Czajka E. Visual Acuity Examination Methodology in Keratoconus. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7620. [PMID: 38137688 PMCID: PMC10743794 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual acuity is one of the most important parameters for evaluating the vision of patients with keratoconus. This study reviewed 295 articles related to keratoconus published between 2017 and 2022 in which visual acuity was one of the parameters measured. The methodology of visual acuity testing in studies on keratoconus was thoroughly analyzed. The analysis showed that the most commonly indicated chart for testing visual acuity papers on keratoconus is the Snellen chart. It was shown that in 150 out of 295 articles, the authors do not describe the methodology for testing visual acuity. What is more, it was also shown that in 68 of the 295 articles which were analyzed, a procedure for converting visual acuity tested with a Snellen chart into a logMAR scale was used. In this review, we discuss the validity and reliability of such conversions. In particular, we show that insufficient description of visual acuity testing methodology and lack of information on the conversion of visual acuity results into the logMAR scale may contribute to the misinterpretation of visual acuity test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Nandzik
- Department of Ophthalmology, District Railway Hospital in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
| | - Edward Wylęgała
- Department of Ophthalmology, District Railway Hospital in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Wylęgała
- Department of Ophthalmology, District Railway Hospital in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dominika Szkodny
- Department of Ophthalmology, District Railway Hospital in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Roszkowska
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Ewa Wróblewska-Czajka
- Department of Ophthalmology, District Railway Hospital in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
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Petrović Pajić S, Petrović T, Stojković M, Anđelić S. HAS SNELLEN CHART LOST THE BATTLE TO ETDRS IN CATARACT SURGERY VISUAL ACUITY EVALUATION? Acta Clin Croat 2022; 60:441-449. [PMID: 35282473 PMCID: PMC8907941 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2021.60.03.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to explore practical differences between visual acuity (VA) scores measured on Snellen chart versus ETDRS chart, to grade cataracts using LOCS III system, and to compare VA on both charts depending on cataract grade and type. Prospective evaluation of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity was carried out on the eye scheduled for cataract surgery preoperatively and postoperatively on the Snellen and ETDRS charts. The study was carried out at Department of Eye Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, during a two-year period. Inclusion criteria were met by 540 patients who underwent testing, surgery, data collection and analysis. The mean VA score was better on ETDRS than on Snellen chart. The mean difference was 6.05 letters or 1.21 lines. VA results correlated with all types of cataract regardless of the chart used, with the highest statistical significance (p<0.0001) for subcapsular cataract. The ETDRS chart was found to be more discriminative and precise than Snellen chart, especially for poor VA.
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Abstract
The article reviews the evolution of visual acuity assessment and gives comparison of the visual acuity charts (Snellen vs. ETDRS) widely used in research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Stulova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, 27/1 Lomonosov Av., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - N S Semenova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, 27/1 Lomonosov Av., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - V S Akopyan
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, 27/1 Lomonosov Av., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
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Vivekanand U, Gonsalves S, Bhat SS. Is LEA symbol better compared to Snellen chart for visual acuity assessment in preschool children? Rom J Ophthalmol 2019; 63:35-37. [PMID: 31198896 PMCID: PMC6531776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To compare visual acuity using the LEA symbol chart with Snellen E test chart in preschool children of age 3-5 years. Patients and methods: Inclusion criteria: 50 emmetropic children aged 3 to 5 years. Exclusion criteria: Strabismus, amblyopia, ametropia, and any organic eye disease. A pseudo randomized protocol was used to test visual acuity (VA) in each subject monocularly on both eyes using Snellen E chart and LEA symbol chart. Visual acuity for both charts was scored as smallest optotype size which the child correctly identified 3 of maximum 4 optotypes. The strength of agreement on VA between two charts was tested using Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A Mann-Whitney U test was applied to compare both the groups. Results: Boys: Girls = 26:24 with a mean age and standard deviation of 4.12 + 0.79 years. ICC between Snellen's and LEA symbol chart was 0.256 and 0.213 for right and left eye respectively. Analysis of the two samples using Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference between the two charts (p value <0.000). Conclusion: LEA symbol test showed only a fair agreement with Snellen E charts for visual acuity measurements. Visual acuity measurement with LEA symbol chart showed significantly higher scores as compared to Snellen's chart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undrakonda Vivekanand
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alluri Sitaramaraju Academy of Medical Sciences,
Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sarita Gonsalves
- Department of Ophthalmology, Father Muller’s Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shailaja S Bhat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
Gene therapy in ophthalmology has developed rapidly, and there has been a breakthrough in the treatment of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. After receiving an intravitreal injection of rAAV2-ND4, patients followed up over a certain time period showed a definite increase in visual acuity. Visual acuity testing is critical for assessing the efficacy of rAAV2-ND4 intravitreal injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-fang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenmian Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-fang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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Vesely P. Contribution of sVEP visual acuity testing in comparison with subjective visual acuity. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2015; 159:616-21. [PMID: 25690522 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2015.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Visual acuity determination is an important task in ophthalmology and optometry practices. Visual acuity can be examined objectively or subjectively. The objective examination method, sVEP, allows for quick objective measurements of patient's visual acuity. Previous studies have not demonstrated the repeatability of this objective sVEP method. This study aims to evaluate the sVEP method and compare it to a subjective method. METHODS AND RESULTS The sample was divided into two groups. For the first group, visual acuity was measured with sVEP and Snellen methods on only one patient twelve times. In the second group, visual acuity was measured twice with sVEP followed twice with the Snellen method with Landolt's rings and logMAR modification on 32 non-pathological patients. Results showed significant differences between average values of visual acuity obtained with both methods (sVEP and Snellen) in both samples (T-test, P < 0.01; Wilcoxon test, P = 0.02 in second group). In the second group, significant correlations between repeated sVEP measurements (Spearman test, P < 0.05, r = 0.69) were found but no significant correlation between average sVEP measurement and average Snellen measurement (Spearman test, P > 0.05, r = 0.15) was found. CONCLUSION Objective measurement of visual acuity with sVEP is a valid and reliable method, but is recommended only when it is not possible to use a subjective method for measuring visual acuity, e.g. children, patients with mental retardation or simulating/dissimulating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Vesely
- Department of Optometry and Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno and Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic
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Gyasi M, Amoaku W, Adjuik M. Epidemiology of hospitalized ocular injuries in the upper East region of ghana. Ghana Med J 2007; 41:171-175. [PMID: 18464900 PMCID: PMC2350113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Summary AIM OF STUDY The Upper East is the poorest and most rural region in Ghana and ocular injuries are a major public health problem. This study aims at providing epidemiologic data on the burden of this problem in order to facilitate the provision of integrated eye care and safety strategies for the prevention of such injuries in the region. DESIGN A retrospective case series. METHODS Computerized records of all eye injuries admitted to the clinic between January and December 2004 were retrieved and analyzed using the Epi-Info software. Injuries were classified using the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology while Snellen visual acuities were classified/banded using the WHO categories of visual impairments. RESULTS Ninety six eyes of 96 patients were admitted over the study period. Seventy five percent of the patients were males and 82.3% below the age of 30 years. Half of the patients had to travel beyond 100 km to get ophthalmic assistance. Only one third of the cases reported within 24 hours while 21% reported after one week of their injuries. These delayed periods of reporting showed no statistically significant relationship with the distances travelled to the hospital (p=0.76; chi2 test), nor the eventual visual outcome achieved following treatment. Open-globe injuries were by far the most common (60/96) and were 4.7 times more likely (Chi squared test) to produce poor visual outcome (p=0.02 CL 1.75-12.63). CONCLUSION Current eye care strategies do not adequately address the issue of eye injuries in the region. There is the need to provide integrated approach by incorporating primary eye care strategies into the existing primary health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Me Gyasi
- Presbyterian Hospital, Eye Unit, P.O. Box 45, Bawku, Ghana
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