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Khalili Najafabad B, Attaran N, Barati M, Mohammadi Z, Mahmoudi M, Sazgarnia A. Cobalt ferrite nanoparticle for the elimination of CD133+CD44 + and CD44 +CD24 -, in breast and skin cancer stem cells, using non-ionizing treatments. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19893. [PMID: 37810832 PMCID: PMC10556613 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the most challenging issue in cancer treatment, because of their high resistance mechanisms, that can cause tumor recurrence after common cancer treatments such as drug and radiation based therapies, and the insufficient efficiency of common treatments in CSCs removal and the recurrence of tumors after these treatments, it is essential to consider other methods, including non-ionizing treatments likes light-based treatments and magnetic hyperthermia (MHT). Method and material After synthesis, characterization and investigation, the toxicity of novel on A375 and MAD-MB-231 cell lines, magnetic hyperthermia and light-based treatments were applied. MTT assay and flow cytometry was employed to determine cell survival. the influence of combination therapy on CD44 + CD24-and CD133 + CD44+ cell population, Comparison and evaluation of combination treatments was done respectively using Combination Indices (CIs). Result The final nanoparticle has a high efficiency in producing hydroxyl radicals and generating heat in MHT. According to CIs, we can conclude that combined using of light-based treatment and MHT in the presence of final synthesized nanoparticle have synergistic effect and a high ability to reduce the population of stem cells in both cell lines compared to single treatments. Conclusion In this study a novel multi-functional nanoplatform acted well in dual and triple combined treatments, and showed a good performance in the eradication of CSCs, in A375 and MAD-MB-231 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Khalili Najafabad
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Attaran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, North Khorasan, University of Medical Science, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadi
- Radiological Technology Department of Actually Paramedical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ameneh Sazgarnia
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Allafchian A, Karimzadeh F, Valikhani A, Seraj A. Enhanced antibacterial properties and magnetic removal of Fe 3O 4/fenugreek seed gum/silver nanocomposites for water treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126418. [PMID: 37598825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of a novel Fe3O4 nanocomposite coated with fenugreek seed gums and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). To enhance the antibacterial properties of AgNPs and overcome the limitations of conventional methods for the production of three-component nanocomposites, a layer of natural polymer was used. Fenugreek seed gums (FSG) were used to coat Fe3O4 NPs to prevent their decomposition and to facilitate the release of silver nanoparticles in aqueous media. The Fe3O4/FSG/Ag nanocomposites were characterized and then the antibacterial activity of the nanocomposites was evaluated against two gram-negative and two gram-positive bacteria and compared with Fe3O4, Fe3O4/FSG, FSG, and AgNO3. The results showed that the Fe3O4/FSG/Ag nanocomposites had higher antibacterial activity than the other samples and could be easily removed from treated water by a powerful magnet without causing pollution in the environment. Overall, these findings suggest that the Fe3O4/FSG/Ag nanocomposites have potential applications in water treatment for their improved antibacterial properties and ease of removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Allafchian
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Fathallah Karimzadeh
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Arian Valikhani
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Ali Seraj
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Seraj A, Allafchian A, Karimzadeh F, Valikhani A, Jalali SAH. Improving water treatment using a novel antibacterial kappa-carrageenan-coated magnetite decorated with silver nanoparticles. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:92611-92620. [PMID: 37491498 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to fabricate an enhanced antibacterial agent to act against pathogenic bacteria in aqueous environments. To achieve this, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were inlaid on a kappa-carrageenan (KC) base and coated on Fe3O4 magnetic cores (Fe3O4@KC@Ag). Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were designed at the center of the composite nanostructure, allowing magnetic recovery from aqueous media in the presence of a magnet. The synthesized nanoconjugate was characterized in each step using XRD, FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, TEM, DLS, VSM, and disk-diffusion antibacterial method. Results show that the nanocomposite system is formed, while the magnetic properties remain practically stable. The agglomeration of the AgNPs was decreased by the trap-like function of KC coating, which resulted in an improved antibacterial activity for the Fe3O4@KC@Ag formulation. These findings suggest that Fe3O4@KC@Ag nanocomposites could be promising agents for combating bacterial infections in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Seraj
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156, Isfahan, 83111, Iran
| | - Alireza Allafchian
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156, Isfahan, 83111, Iran.
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156, Isfahan, 83111, Iran.
| | - Fathallah Karimzadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156, Isfahan, 83111, Iran
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156, Isfahan, 83111, Iran
| | - Arian Valikhani
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156, Isfahan, 83111, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156, Isfahan, 83111, Iran
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156, Isfahan, 83111, Iran
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Bayin Q, Huang L, Ren C, Fu Y, Ma X, Guo J. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM detection with a GMR based LFIA system. Talanta 2021; 227:122207. [PMID: 33714475 PMCID: PMC7874965 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since December 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused millions of deaths and seriously threatened the safety of human life; indeed, this situation is worsening and many people are infected with the new coronavirus every day. Therefore, it is very important to understand patients' degree of infection and infection history through antibody testing. Such information is useful also for the government and hospitals to formulate reasonable prevention policies and treatment plans. In this paper, we develop a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) method based on superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SMNPs) and a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensing system for the simultaneously quantitative detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG). A simple and time-effective co-precipitation method was utilized to prepare the SMNPs, which have good dispersibility and magnetic property, with an average diameter of 68 nm. The Internet of Medical Things-supported GMR could transmit medical data to a smartphone through the Bluetooth protocol, making patient information available for medical staff. The proposed GMR system, based on SMNP-supported LFIA, has an outstanding advantage in cost-effectiveness and time-efficiency, and is easy to operate. We believe that the suggested GMR based LFIA system will be very useful for medical staff to analyze and to preserve as a record of infection in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoge Bayin
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Chunhui Ren
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Yusheng Fu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Xing Ma
- State Key Lab of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China,Corresponding author. State Key Lab of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China,Corresponding author
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Saito T, Momiyama M, Manri C, Yu H, Choudhury K, Osterfeld SJ, Nakasawa T. Effects of serum matrix on molecular interactions between drugs and target proteins revealed by giant magneto-resistive bio-sensing techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 198:114015. [PMID: 33725588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated that effects of serum matrix on molecular interactions between drugs and target proteins can be investigated in real time using magnetic bio-sensing techniques. A giant magneto-resistive (GMR) sensor was used on which target proteins were fixed and superparamagnetic nanoparticles (diameter: 50 nm) conjugated with drug were used in phosphate buffer, with and without serum. In this study, the following drug-protein pairs were investigated: quercetin and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), Infliximab and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and Bevacizumab and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). For the quercetin and PKA pair, the time profile of the signal from the GMR sensor due to binding between quercetin and PKA clearly changed before and after the addition of serum. Moreover, it was revealed that not only the association process, but also the dissociation process was influenced by the addition of serum, suggesting that the quercetin and PKA complex may partially contain serum proteins, which affect the formation and stability of the complex. For antibody drugs, little effects of serum matrix were observed on both the association and dissociation processes. These clear differences may be attributed to the hydrophobic and electrostatic character of the drug molecule, target protein, and serum proteins. The real-time monitoring of molecular interactions in a biological matrix enabled by the GMR bio-sensing technique is a powerful tool to investigate such complicated molecular interactions. Understanding the molecular interactions that occur in a biological matrix is indispensable for determining the mechanism of action of the drugs and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics inside the body. Additionally, this method can be applied for the analysis of the influence of any kind of third molecule that may have some interaction between two molecules, for example, an inhibitor drug against the interaction between two kinds of proteins.
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Znoyko SL, Orlov AV, Bragina VA, Nikitin MP, Nikitin PI. Nanomagnetic lateral flow assay for high-precision quantification of diagnostically relevant concentrations of serum TSH. Talanta 2020; 216:120961. [PMID: 32456890 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is the first-line marker for initial evaluation of the thyroid gland function. We present a lateral flow immunoassay based on superparamagnetic nanolabels for rapid (<25 min) quantitative determination of TSH at a point of care. The demonstrated limit of detection (LOD) of 0.017 μIU/mL in human serum is on the level of third-generation TSH laboratory tests. The wide linear dynamic range of more than 3 orders covers the whole range of clinically relevant TSH concentrations for confident quantitative diagnostics of the gland function from hyper- to hypothyroidism, and different states in-between. The attractive values of LOD and linear dynamic range are due to counting of the superparamagnetic nanolabels over the whole reaction volume by their non-linear magnetization at two frequencies of an alternating magnetic field and detecting the response at combinatorial frequencies. The developed cost-efficient and user-friendly immunoassay can be used for express in vitro diagnostics and long-term quantitative monitoring of thyroid dysfunctions, especially in distant regions, developing countries, and sparsely populated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey L Znoyko
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov St, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Orlov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov St, 119991, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskii per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
| | - Vera A Bragina
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov St, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim P Nikitin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskii per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
| | - Petr I Nikitin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov St, 119991, Moscow, Russia; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe shosse, 115409, Moscow, Russia.
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Jalili MA, Allafchian A, Karimzadeh F, Nasiri F. Synthesis and characterization of magnetite/Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum/Ag nanocomposite and determination of its antibacterial activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:1263-1271. [PMID: 31421169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to applications of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) especially in advanced science fields, it is important to produce Ag antibacterial nanocomposites with enhanced antibacterial activity and reusability. Over the past decade researches about natural polymers have emphasized the use of them as nanoparticles coating. In this work, a novel core-shell antibacterial agent was synthesized through a three-step procedure. Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) were synthesized and coated with a natural polymer called Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG). Ag NPs were immobilized on the AHSG resulting in formation of the new nanocomposite with improved antimicrobial properties. The immobilization of Ag NPs prevents the release of toxic Ag+ ions. The Fe3O4@AHSG@Ag nanocomposite could easily be separated from medium using an external magnetic field due to presence of the Fe3O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles. The as-synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer and dynamic light scattering. The results showed that the magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized and coated successfully. Finally, results of disk diffusion method demonstrated that the nanocomposite exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Jalili
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Alireza Allafchian
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Fathallah Karimzadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Faezeh Nasiri
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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Beeran AE, Fernandez FB, Nazeer SS, Jayasree RS, John A, Anil S, Vellappally S, Al Kheraif AAA, Varma PRH. Multifunctional nano manganese ferrite ferrofluid for efficient theranostic application. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:1089-97. [PMID: 26595389 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ferrofluid-based manganese (Mn(2+)) substituted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized by surface coating with trisodium citrate (MnIOTCs) were synthesized for enhanced hyperthermic activity and use as negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast media intended for applications in theranostics. The synthesized MnIOTC materials were characterized based on their physicochemical and biological features. The crystal size and the particle size at the nano level were studied using XRD and TEM. The presence of citrate molecules on the crystal surface of the iron oxide was established by FTIR, TGA, DLS and zeta potential measurements. The superparamagnetic property of MnIOTCs was measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer. Superparamagnetic iron oxide substituted with Mn(2+) with a 3:1 molar concentration of Mn(2+) to Fe(2+) and surface modified with trisodium citrate (MnIO75TC) that exhibited a high T2 relaxivity of 184.6mM(-1)s(-1) and showed excellent signal intensity variation in vitro. Hyperthermia via application of an alternating magnetic field to MnIO75TC in a HeLa cell population induced apoptosis, which was further confirmed by FACS and cLSM observations. The morphological features of the cells were highly disrupted after the hyperthermia experiment, as evidenced from E-SEM images. Biocompatibility evaluation was performed using an alamar blue assay and hemolysis studies, and the results indicated good cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility for the synthesized particles. In the current study, the potential of MnIO75TC as a negative MRI contrast agent and a hyperthermia agent was demonstrated to confirm its utility in the burgeoning field of theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Ereath Beeran
- Bioceramics Laboratory, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Poojappura, India
| | - Francis Boniface Fernandez
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Poojappura, India
| | - Shaiju S Nazeer
- Biophotonics and Imaging Lab, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Poojappura, India
| | - Ramapurath S Jayasree
- Biophotonics and Imaging Lab, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Poojappura, India
| | - Annie John
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Poojappura, India
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajith Vellappally
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Aziz A Al Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - P R Harikrishna Varma
- Bioceramics Laboratory, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Poojappura, India.
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Calle D, Negri V, Ballesteros P, Cerdán S. Magnetoliposomes loaded with poly-unsaturated fatty acids as novel theranostic anti-inflammatory formulations. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:489-503. [PMID: 25767616 PMCID: PMC4350011 DOI: 10.7150/thno.10069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the preparation, physico-chemical characterization and anti-inflammatory properties of liposomes containing the superparamagnetic nanoparticle Nanotex, the fluorescent dye Rhodamine-100 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester (ω-3 PUFA-EE), as theranostic anti-inflammatory agents. Liposomes were prepared after drying chloroform suspensions of egg phosphatidylcholine, hydration of the lipid film with aqueous phases containing or not Nanotex, Rhodamine-100 dye or ω-3 PUFA-EE, and eleven extrusion steps through nanometric membrane filters. This resulted in uniform preparations of liposomes of approximately 200 nm diameter. Extraliposomal contents were removed from the preparation by gel filtration chromatography. High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning 1H NMR Spectroscopy of the liposomal preparations containing ω-3 PUFA-EE revealed well resolved 1H resonances from highly mobile ω-3 PUFA-EE, suggesting the formation of very small (ca. 10 nm) ω-3 PUFA-EE nanogoticules, tumbling fast in the NMR timescale. Chloroform extraction of the liposomal preparations revealed additionally the incorporation of ω-3 PUFA-EE within the membrane domain. Water diffusion weighted spectra, indicated that the goticules of ω-3 PUFA-EE or its insertion in the membrane did not affect the average translational diffusion coefficient of water, suggesting an intraliposomal localization, that was confirmed by ultrafiltration. The therapeutic efficacy of these preparations was tested in two different models of inflammatory disease as inflammatory colitis or the inflammatory component associated to glioma development. Results indicate that the magnetoliposomes loaded with ω-3 PUFA-EE allowed MRI visualization in vivo and improved the outcome of inflammatory disease in both animal models, decreasing significantly colonic inflammation and delaying, or even reversing, glioma development. Together, our results indicate that magnetoliposomes loaded with ω-3 PUFA-EE may become useful anti-inflammatory agents for image guided drug delivery.
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Walker MW, Lloyd-Evans E. A rapid method for the preparation of ultrapure, functional lysosomes using functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Methods Cell Biol 2015; 126:21-43. [PMID: 25665439 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are an emerging and increasingly important cellular organelle. With every passing year, more novel proteins and key cellular functions are associated with lysosomes. Despite this, the methodologies for their purification have largely remained unchanged since the days of their discovery. With little advancement in this area, it is no surprise that analysis of lysosomal function has been somewhat stymied, largely in part by the change in buoyant densities that occur under conditions where lysosomes accumulate macromolecules. Such phenotypes are often associated with the lysosomal storage diseases but are increasingly being observed under conditions where lysosomal proteins or, in some cases, cellular functions associated with lysosomal proteins are being manipulated. These altered lysosomes poise a problem to the classical methods to purify lysosomes that are reliant largely on their correct sedimentation by density gradient centrifugation. Building upon a technique developed by others to purify lysosomes magnetically, we have developed a unique assay using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to purify high yields of ultrapure functional lysosomes from multiple cell types including the lysosomal storage disorders. Here we describe this method in detail, including the rationale behind using SPIONs, the potential pitfalls that can be avoided and the potential functional assays these lysosomes can be used for. Finally we also summarize the other methodologies and the exact reasons why magnetic purification of lysosomes is now the method of choice for lysosomal researchers.
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