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Guo X, Li L, Ren W, Hu M, Li Z, Zeng S, Liu X, Wang Y, Xie T, Yin Q, Wei Y, Luo L, Shi B, Wang C, Wu R, Yang Z, Chen XG, Zhou X. Modelling the dynamic basic reproduction number of dengue based on MOI of Aedes albopictus derived from a multi-site field investigation in Guangzhou, a subtropical region. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:79. [PMID: 38383475 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than half of the global population lives in areas at risk of dengue (DENV) transmission. Developing an efficient risk prediction system can help curb dengue outbreaks, but multiple variables, including mosquito-based surveillance indicators, still constrain our understanding. Mosquito or oviposition positive index (MOI) has been utilized in field surveillance to monitor the wild population density of Aedes albopictus in Guangzhou since 2005. METHODS Based on the mosquito surveillance data using Mosq-ovitrap collection and human landing collection (HLC) launched at 12 sites in Guangzhou from 2015 to 2017, we established a MOI-based model of the basic dengue reproduction number (R0) using the classical Ross-Macdonald framework combined with a linear mixed-effects model. RESULTS During the survey period, the mean MOI and adult mosquito density index (ADI) using HLC for Ae. albopictus were 12.96 ± 17.78 and 16.79 ± 55.92, respectively. The R0 estimated from the daily ADI (ADID) showed a significant seasonal variation. A 10-unit increase in MOI was associated with 1.08-fold (95% CI 1.05, 1.11) ADID and an increase of 0.14 (95% CI 0.05, 0.23) in the logarithmic transformation of R0. MOI-based R0 of dengue varied by month and average monthly temperature. During the active period of Ae. albopictus from April to November in Guangzhou region, a high risk of dengue outbreak was predicted by the MOI-based R0 model, especially from August to October, with the predicted R0 > 1. Meanwhile, from December to March, the estimates of MOI-based R0 were < 1. CONCLUSIONS The present study enriched our knowledge about mosquito-based surveillance indicators and indicated that the MOI of Ae. albopictus could be valuable for application in estimating the R0 of dengue using a statistical model. The MOI-based R0 model prediction of the risk of dengue transmission varied by month and temperature in Guangzhou. Our findings lay a foundation for further development of a complex efficient dengue risk prediction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Ren
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Minling Hu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ziyao Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shu Zeng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qingqing Yin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuehong Wei
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benyun Shi
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Rangke Wu
- The School of Foreign Studies, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicong Yang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Mabona M, Zwane T, Raman J, Kuonza L, Mhlongo B, Phafane P. Evaluation of the malaria case surveillance system in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, 2022: a focus on DHIS2. Malar J 2024; 23:47. [PMID: 38350921 PMCID: PMC10865712 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04873-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Africa set a target to eliminate malaria by 2023, with KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province the malaria-endemic province closest to achieving this goal. Objective two of the National Malaria Elimination Strategic Plan (NMESP) focused on strengthening surveillance systems to support the country's elimination efforts. Regular evaluations of the malaria surveillance systems against the targets of the NMESP objective are crucial in improving their performance and impact. This study aimed to assess whether the malaria surveillance system in KwaZulu-Natal Province meets the NMESP surveillance objective and goals. METHODS A mixed-methods cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate the malaria surveillance system, focusing on the District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2). The study assessed the data quality, timeliness, simplicity, and acceptability of the system. Key personnel from KZN's Provincial malaria control programme were interviewed using self-administered questionnaires to evaluate their perception of the system's simplicity and acceptability. Malaria case data from January 2016 to December 2020 were extracted from the DHIS2 and evaluated for data quality and timeliness. RESULTS The survey respondents generally found the DHIS2-based surveillance system acceptable (79%, 11/14) and easy to use (71%, 10/14), stating that they could readily find, extract, and share data (64%, 9/14). Overall data quality was good (88.9%), although some variables needed for case classification had low completeness and data availability. However, case notifications were not timely, with only 61% (2 622/4 329) of cases notified within 24 h of diagnosis. During the 5-year study period, the DHIS2 captured 4 333 malaria cases. The majority of cases (81%, 3 489/4 330) were categorized as imported, and predominately in males (67%, 2 914/4 333). CONCLUSION While the malaria surveillance system in KZN Province largely met the NMESP surveillance strategic goals, it failed to achieve the overarching surveillance objective of 100% notification of cases within 24 h of diagnosis. The majority of reported cases in KZN Province were classified as imported, emphasizing the importance of complete data for accurate case classification. Engaging with healthcare professionals responsible for case notification and disseminating aggregated data back to them is needed to encourage and improve notification timeliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Mabona
- South African Field Epidemiology Training Programme, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
| | - Thembekile Zwane
- South African Field Epidemiology Training Programme, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Jaishree Raman
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria Control, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
- UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Lazarus Kuonza
- South African Field Epidemiology Training Programme, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Babongile Mhlongo
- KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Department of Health, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Poncho Phafane
- KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Department of Health, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Division of Public Health Surveillance, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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Yin T, Gao X, Wang D, Hu H. Development of a dynamic model for associating the identification criteria and symptoms of the infectious disease: Take the influenza in Chinese population as an example. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:5932-5934. [PMID: 37696698 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.08.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Yin
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiaohuan Gao
- Medical College, Hebei Engineering University, Hebei, 056000, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Disease Control and Prevention Center of China, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Hongpu Hu
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China.
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Agbemafle E, Kubio C, Bandoh D, Odikro M, Azagba C, Issahaku R, Sackey S. Evaluation of the malaria surveillance system - Adaklu District, Volta Region, Ghana, 2019. Public Health Pract (Oxf) 2023; 6:100414. [PMID: 37564781 PMCID: PMC10410592 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2023.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We evaluated the malaria surveillance system in Adaklu District of the Volta Region of Ghana to determine if the system was meeting its objectives and assessed its usefulness and attributes. Study design Descriptive cross-sectional design was used in evaluating the surveillance system. Methods We interviewed stakeholders using a semi-structured questionnaire on case detection and reporting. We assessed the system attributes using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems. We extracted and reviewed malaria surveillance data from the District Health Management Information System 2. Summary statistics and direct content analysis were performed on quantitative and qualitative data respectively. Results Of the 80,441 suspected malaria cases recorded in Adaklu District from 2014 to 2018, 47,917 (59.6%) cases were confirmed. The system was meeting its objective of detecting malaria cases and monitoring trends in the population however, the system missed an epidemic in August 2016. Data generated from the surveillance system is used by the NMCP to aid in the distribution of logistics such as LLINs, RDT test kits, and track malaria control progress in the district. Staff at all levels were able to detect, confirm, treat and report malaria. All sub-districts/health facilities reported to the district and reports were all accurate and timely. The predictive value positive was 62.9%. Conclusions The malaria surveillance system in Adaklu District was useful and meeting its set objective of monitoring trends of malaria in the population. It was simple, flexible, acceptable and representative; however, the system was not detecting epidemics. The District Health Management Team should set alert and epidemic thresholds to help detect promptly epidemics of malaria in the district.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.E. Agbemafle
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - C. Kubio
- Savannah Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Damongo, Ghana
| | - D. Bandoh
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - M.A. Odikro
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - C.K. Azagba
- Adaklu District Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - R.G. Issahaku
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - S.O. Sackey
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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Cao Y, Niu Y, Tian X, Peng D, Lu L, Zhang H. Development of a knowledge-based healthcare-associated infections surveillance system in China. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2023; 23:209. [PMID: 37817157 PMCID: PMC10563206 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-023-02297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the modern era of antibiotics, healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have emerged as a prominent and concerning health threat worldwide. Implementing an electronic surveillance system for healthcare-associated infections offers the potential to not only alleviate the manual workload of clinical physicians in surveillance and reporting but also enhance patient safety and the overall quality of medical care. Despite the widespread adoption of healthcare-associated infections surveillance systems in numerous hospitals across China, several challenges persist. These encompass incomplete coverage of all infection types in the surveillance, lack of clarity in the alerting results provided by the system, and discrepancies in sensitivity and specificity that fall short of practical expectations. METHODS We design and develop a knowledge-based healthcare-associated infections surveillance system (KBHAIS) with the primary goal of supporting clinicians in their surveillance of HAIs. The system operates by automatically extracting infection factors from both structured and unstructured electronic health data. Each patient visit is represented as a tuple list, which is then processed by the rule engine within KBHAIS. As a result, the system generates comprehensive warning results, encompassing infection site, infection diagnoses, infection time, and infection probability. These knowledge rules utilized by the rule engine are derived from infection-related clinical guidelines and the collective expertise of domain experts. RESULTS We develop and evaluate our KBHAIS on a dataset of 106,769 samples collected from 84,839 patients at Gansu Provincial Hospital in China. The experimental results reveal that the system achieves a sensitivity rate surpassing 0.83, offering compelling evidence of its effectiveness and reliability. CONCLUSIONS Our healthcare-associated infections surveillance system demonstrates its effectiveness in promptly alerting patients to healthcare-associated infections. Consequently, our system holds the potential to considerably diminish the occurrence of delayed and missed reporting of such infections, thereby bolstering patient safety and elevating the overall quality of healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaojun Niu
- LiLian Information Technology Company, Room 1536, Building 1, No.668 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, 201999, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuetao Tian
- LiLian Information Technology Company, Room 1536, Building 1, No.668 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, 201999, Shanghai, China
| | - DeZhong Peng
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Lu
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, China.
| | - Haojun Zhang
- The dean's office, Second Provincial People's Hospital of Gansu, No.1 Hezheng West Road, Chengguan District, 730099, Lanzhou, China.
- Nosocomial Infection Management and Quality Control Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.
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Pateras K, Meletis E, Denwood M, Eusebi P, Kostoulas P. The convergence epidemic volatility index (cEVI) as an alternative early warning tool for identifying waves in an epidemic. Infect Dis Model 2023; 8:484-490. [PMID: 37234097 PMCID: PMC10206801 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript introduces the convergence Epidemic Volatility Index (cEVI), a modification of the recently introduced Epidemic Volatility Index (EVI), as an early warning tool for emerging epidemic waves. cEVI has a similar architectural structure as EVI, but with an optimization process inspired by a Geweke diagnostic-type test. Our approach triggers an early warning based on a comparison of the most recently available window of data samples and a window based on the previous time frame. Application of cEVI to data from the COVID-19 pandemic data revealed steady performance in predicting early, intermediate epidemic waves and retaining a warning during an epidemic wave. Furthermore, we present two basic combinations of EVI and cEVI: (1) their disjunction cEVI + that respectively identifies waves earlier than the original index, (2) their conjunction cEVI- that results in higher accuracy. Combination of multiple warning systems could potentially create a surveillance umbrella that would result in early implementation of optimal outbreak interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Pateras
- Department of Public and One Health, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Terma Mavromichali St., 43131, Greece
- Department of Data Science and Biostatistics, University of Utrecht, Postbus 85500, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eleftherios Meletis
- Department of Public and One Health, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Terma Mavromichali St., 43131, Greece
| | - Matthew Denwood
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paolo Eusebi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Via Gambuli, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Department of Public and One Health, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Terma Mavromichali St., 43131, Greece
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Hosseini Z, Azizi K, Moghadami M, Hassaniazad M, Shafiei R, Rezaee E, Turki H. Absence of Asymptomatic Malaria Reservoirs in an Area with a Previous History of Local Malaria Transmission: A Successful Experience in Line with the Malaria Elimination Program in Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2023; 17:128-137. [PMID: 37822760 PMCID: PMC10562199 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v17i2.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asymptomatic malaria is a major challenge to be addressed in the implementation of the malaria elimination program. The main goal of the malaria surveillance system in the elimination phase is to identify reliably all the positive cases of malaria reliably (symptomatic and asymptomatic) in the shortest possible time. This study focused on the monitoring of asymptomatic malaria reservoirs in areas where local transmission had been previously established. Methods It was a case-study approach that was conducted in the Anarestan area. A total of 246 residents and immigrants living in the area at the age range of 4-60 years old were randomly selected to be tested for malaria by microscope, RDT, and nested-PCR techniques. The inclusion criterion for participants to be entered into the study was the absence of specific symptoms of malaria. Moreover, participants who have been taking antimalarials for the last month were excluded from the study. Results The results indicated no positive cases of asymptomatic malaria among the participants tested by all methods. Conclusion The results of this study have shown that, without concerns for asymptomatic parasitic patients, a malaria elimination program has been successfully implemented within the studies area. In addition, the findings emphasized the existence of a strong malaria surveillance system in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Hosseini
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Kourosh Azizi
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghadami
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hassaniazad
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Reza Shafiei
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Elham Rezaee
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Habibollah Turki
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Scarselli A, Corfiati M, Marinaccio A. Benzene and cause-specific mortality in an Italian national cohort of exposed workers through a proportions analysis. Epidemiol Prev 2023; 47:172-180. [PMID: 37387299 DOI: 10.19191/ep23.3.a518.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND occupational exposure to benzene represents a threat for the health of a still relevant number of workers. An increased risk of leukaemias has been demonstrated among exposed workers, while a weaker association has been found for other malignancies. OBJECTIVES to evaluate mortality risk among workers exposed to benzene across economic sectors in Italy. DESIGN proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) were calculated linking exposure occupational information to national mortality statistics (2005-2018), assuming a Poisson distribution of the data. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS data from the Italian national registry on occupational exposure to carcinogens (SIREP) in the period 1996-2018 were selected. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES PMRs by cause of death were reported. Specific analyses by cancer site and activity sector, profession, and cumulative exposure were performed. RESULTS a total of 858 deaths (97% in men) were identified among 38,704 exposed workers (91% men). An excess of deaths from malignant neoplasm of the lung was found among exposed workers, in both genders (PMR 1.27 in men; PMR 3.00 in women). An increased proportion of deaths was also found from leukaemias (leukaemia of unspecified cell type: PMR in men 2.99; 95%CI 1.24-7.19), and multiple myeloma in the chemical industry (PMR in men 2.27; 95%CI 1.08-4.76). CONCLUSIONS the risk of leukaemia in the petrochemical industry has been confirmed, while an excess risk of lung cancer mortality was highlighted in the retail sale of automotive fuels. Epidemiological surveillance and air and biological monitoring are recommended for workers exposed to benzene to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and reduce exposure-related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Scarselli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (Inail), Rome (Italy);
| | - Marisa Corfiati
- Department of Prevention, Occupational Health and Safety Unit (SPeSAL), Local Health Authority of Bari (Italy)
| | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (Inail), Rome (Italy)
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Giabbanelli PJ, Rice KL, Nataraj N, Brown MM, Harper CR. A systems science approach to identifying data gaps in national data sources on adolescent suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in the United States. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:627. [PMID: 37005568 PMCID: PMC10067278 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is currently the second leading cause of death among adolescents ages 10-14, and third leading cause of death among adolescents ages 15-19 in the United States (U.S). Although we have numerous U.S. based surveillance systems and survey data sources, the coverage offered by these data with regard to the complexity of youth suicide had yet to be examined. The recent release of a comprehensive systems map for adolescent suicide provides an opportunity to contrast the content of surveillance systems and surveys with the mechanisms listed in the map. OBJECTIVE To inform existing data collection efforts and advance future research on the risk and protective factors relevant to adolescent suicide. METHODS We examined data from U.S. based surveillance systems and nationally-representative surveys that included (1) observations for an adolescent population and (2) questions or indicators in the data that identified suicidal ideation or suicide attempt. Using thematic analysis, we evaluated the codebooks and data dictionaries for each source to match questions or indicators to suicide-related risk and protective factors identified through a recently published suicide systems map. We used descriptive analysis to summarize where data were available or missing and categorized data gaps by social-ecological level. RESULTS Approximately 1-of-5 of the suicide-related risk and protective factors identified in the systems map had no supporting data, in any of the considered data sources. All sources cover less than half the factors, except the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD), which covers nearly 70% of factors. CONCLUSIONS Examining gaps in suicide research can help focus future data collection efforts in suicide prevention. Our analysis precisely identified where data is missing and also revealed that missing data affects some aspects of suicide research (e.g., distal factors at the community and societal level) more than others (e.g., proximal factors about individual characteristics). In sum, our analysis highlights limitations in current suicide-related data availability and provides new opportunities to identify and expand current data collection efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe J Giabbanelli
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Miami University, 205W Benton Hall, High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
| | - Ketra L Rice
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nisha Nataraj
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margaret M Brown
- Defense Suicide Prevention Office (DSPO), Department of Defense, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christopher R Harper
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
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Nasiri N, Sharifi A, Ghasemzadeh I, Khalili M, Karamoozian A, Khalooei A, Beigzadeh A, Haghdoost A, Sharifi H. Incidence, accuracy, and barriers of diagnosing healthcare-associated infections: a case study in southeast Iran. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:171. [PMID: 36944917 PMCID: PMC10031858 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a threat to patients. Accurate surveillance is required to identify and prevent HAIs. To estimate the incidence rate, report the accuracy and identify the barriers of reporting HAIs using a mixed-method study. METHODS In this quantitative study, we externally evaluated the incidence rate and accuracy of the routine surveillance system in one of the main hospitals by an active follow-up of patients from September to December 2021. We used in-depth interviews with 18 experts to identify the barriers of the routine surveillance system. RESULTS Among 404 hospitalized patients, 88 HAIs were detected. The estimated rate of HAIs was 17.1 (95% Confidence Intervals 95: 14.1, 21.1) per 1000 patient-days follow-up. However, in the same period, 116 HAIs were reported by the routine surveillance system, but the agreement between the two approaches was low (sensitivity = 61.4%, specificity = 82.6%, negative predictive value = 89.7%, and positive predictive validity = 46.5%). The minimum and maximum positive predictive values were observed in urinary tract infection (32.3%) and surgical site infection (60.9%). The main barrier of reporting HAIs was lack of cooperation in reporting HAIs by infection control link nurses and laboratory supervisors. CONCLUSIONS The discrepancy between the longitudinal study findings and the routine surveillance might be related to the inaccessibility of the surveillance system to clinical information of patients. In this regard, decreasing the barriers, increasing the knowledge of infection control nurses and other nurses, as well as the development of hospital information systems are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Nasiri
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shafa Hospital, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Iman Ghasemzadeh
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Malahat Khalili
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Karamoozian
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ali Khalooei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - AliAkbar Haghdoost
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharifi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Wu L, Yang S, Huang Z, Liu J, Guo X, Bai Q, Sun X. Safety of concomitant administration of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine with other vaccines in children under 16 years old in post-marketing surveillance. Vaccine 2023; 41:2412-2417. [PMID: 36872142 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concomitant administration refers to the receipt of two or more vaccines during a single healthcare encounter, which is an efficient way to increase vaccination coverage in children. However, the post-marketing safety studies of concomitant administration are scarce. Inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (Healive®) has been used widely in China and other countries for more than a decade. We aimed to explore the safety of Healive® co-administered with other vaccines compared to Healive® alone in children under 16 years old. METHODS We retrieved Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) cases and vaccination doses of Healive® during 2020-2021 in Shanghai, China. The AEFI cases were divided into concomitant administration group and Healive® alone group. We used administrative data on vaccine doses as denominators to calculate and compare crude reporting rates between groups. We also compared baseline gender and age distribution, clinical diagnoses, and time interval from vaccination to onset of symptoms between groups. RESULTS A total 319,247 doses of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (Healive®) were used and 1,020 AEFI cases (319.50 per million doses) associated with Healive® were reported during 2020-2021 in Shanghai. There were 259,346 doses concomitantly administered with other vaccines and 830 AEFI cases (320.04 per million doses) were reported. There were 59,901 doses of Healive® that vaccinated alone, with 190 AEFI cases (317.19 per million doses). There was only one case with serious AEFI in concomitant administration group, with a rate of 0.39 per million doses. Reported rates of AEFI cases were similar between groups in general (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Concomitant administration of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (Healive®) with other vaccines has a similar safe profile as Healive® alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wu
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Shoufei Yang
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Zhuoying Huang
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jiechen Liu
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Qingrui Bai
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200336, China.
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12
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Hamalaw SA, Bayati AH, Babakir-Mina M, Kiani MM, Takian A. The lessons of COVID-19 pandemic for communicable diseases surveillance system in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Health Policy Technol 2023; 12:100717. [PMID: 36593886 PMCID: PMC9796971 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2022.100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to determine the opportunities of and barriers to communicable diseases surveillance system (CDSS) during the COVID-19 pandemic and the extent to which the disease integrated into the CDSS in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Study design A descriptive qualitative approach was applied. Methods We conducted seven semi-structured interviews and seven interviewee in a focus group discussion (FGD) with purposefully identified Key Informants (KI) from June to December 2020. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. We adopted a mixed deductive-inductive approach for thematic data analysis, facilitated by using MAXQDA20 software for data management. Results Although the CDSS was considered appropriate and flexible, the COVID-19 was interpreted not to be integrated into the system due to political influence. The main concerns regarding core and support activities were the lack of epidemic preparedness, timeliness, and partial cessation of training and supervision during the pandemic. The existence of reasonable surveillance infrastructure, i.e., trained staff, was identified as an opportunity for improvement. The main challenges include staff deficiency, absence of motivation and financial support for present staff, scarce logistics, managerial and administrative issues, and lack of cooperation, particularly among stakeholders and surveillance staff. Conclusion Our findings revealed that the CDSS in the Kurdistan region requires substantial enhancement in epidemic preparedness, strengthening human resources, and logistics. the system can be developed by fostering meaningful intersectoral collaboration. We advocate that the health authorities and policy-makers prioritise the surveillance and effective management of communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soran Amin Hamalaw
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Ali Hattem Bayati
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Muhammed Babakir-Mina
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Kiani
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Takian
- Department of Global Health and Public Policy, Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Health Equity Research Centre (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pani P, Carletti C, Giangreco M, Knowles A, Clagnan E, Gobbato M, Del Zotto S, Cattaneo A, Ronfani L. Monitoring gestational weight gain: setting up a regional surveillance system in Italy. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:132. [PMID: 36653835 PMCID: PMC9850588 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many countries, including Italy, there are few national data on pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG), despite these being important predictors of maternal and neonatal health outcomes. This dearth of information makes it difficult to develop and monitor intervention policies to reduce the burden of disease linked to inadequate BMI status and/or GWG in pregnant women. This study describes the setting up and initial implementation of a regional surveillance system on pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG. METHODS Between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018, anthropometric data were collected from all pregnant women accessing public health services in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region (Italy) for first ultrasound check (T1) and at delivery (T2). Anthropometric data collected at T1 (self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and measured weight and height) and T2 (measured weight and self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and height) were compared. RESULTS The system was able to reach 43.8% of all the women who gave birth in the region, and provided complete data for 6400 women of the 7188 who accessed the services at T1. At the beginning of pregnancy 447 (7.0%) women were underweight, 4297 (67.1%) had normal weight, 1131 (17.7%) were overweight and 525 (8.2%) had obesity. At delivery, 2306 (36.0%) women were within the appropriate weight gain range, while for 2021 (31.6%) weight gain was insufficient and for 2073 (32.4%) excessive. Only minor differences were observed between measured and self-reported anthropometric data. CONCLUSIONS The surveillance system offers an overview of the weight status of women during pregnancy. About 1/3 of women entered pregnancy with unsatisfactory BMI and 2/3 did not achieve the recommended weight gain. This surveillance system can be an effective tool to guide public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pani
- grid.418712.90000 0004 1760 7415Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via Dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudia Carletti
- grid.418712.90000 0004 1760 7415Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via Dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Manuela Giangreco
- grid.418712.90000 0004 1760 7415Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via Dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Knowles
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via Dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Elena Clagnan
- SC Pianificazione Programmazione E Controllo Direzionale, ARCS – Azienda Regionale di Coordinamento per la Salute Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia, Via Pozzuolo, 330 – 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Michele Gobbato
- SC Pianificazione Programmazione E Controllo Direzionale, ARCS – Azienda Regionale di Coordinamento per la Salute Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia, Via Pozzuolo, 330 – 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefania Del Zotto
- SC Pianificazione Programmazione E Controllo Direzionale, ARCS – Azienda Regionale di Coordinamento per la Salute Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia, Via Pozzuolo, 330 – 33100, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Luca Ronfani
- grid.418712.90000 0004 1760 7415Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via Dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
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Ali ASMA, Allzain H, Ahmed OM, Mahgoub E, Bashir MBM, Gorish BMT. Evaluation of acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system in the River Nile State - Northern Sudan, 2021. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:125. [PMID: 36653818 PMCID: PMC9845815 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the four main elements of the worldwide polio eradication strategy is acute flaccid paralysis surveillance (AFP). This system is based on (acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases reported and tested at World Health Organization (WHO) accredited laboratories. To measure and monitor performance, indicators were created. The current study aims to evaluate the system components, performance, and efficiency in River Nile State, Northern Sudan, and their compliance with World Health Organization (WHO) requirements for it to be adopted as a good system; its results can be used to certify whether a country is polio-free or not. MATERIAL AND METHODS A facility-based retrospective descriptive study was conducted in the River Nile State, Northern Sudan, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2020. This study included all reporting sites/units, workers who reported acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases, and officers at the locality level. A total of 50 health institutions were visited for surveillance, and interviews with 59 health workers who were part of the AFP surveillance system were undertaken. The data were collected from participants using a pre-tested questionnaire designed and constructed by the World Health Organization (WHO) framework, and the data were analyzed using the SPSS version (22). RESULTS The River Nile State's AFP surveillance system was of high quality in terms of the infrastructure that had been put in place and the effectiveness of the system's operations, as evidenced by the following statistics: from 2017 to 2020, the reported non-polio acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases were at a mean rate of 4.02 per 100,000 children under the age of 15; the majority of AFP reported cases were under 10 years; and males made up 73.3% of reported cases; The completeness of reports and surveillance documents exceeded 80%, and active surveillance was applied in 80% of reporting sites. CONCLUSION Despite the fact that the surveillance system is capable of detecting cases, Sudan continues to report cases of imported polio from other countries, highlighting the need to strengthen surveillance systems and eradication efforts in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haghamad Allzain
- grid.442427.30000 0004 5984 622XDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shendi University, Shendi, Sudan
| | - Omran M. Ahmed
- grid.442427.30000 0004 5984 622XDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Shendi University, Shendi, Sudan
| | - Elsadig Mahgoub
- grid.414827.cAFP Surveillance System, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mazin Babekir Musa Bashir
- grid.442427.30000 0004 5984 622XDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shendi University, Shendi, Sudan
| | - Babbiker Mohammed Tahir Gorish
- grid.442422.60000 0000 8661 5380Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
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Amede PO, Umeokonkwo CD, Abege S, Akawe J, Derek J, Adedire E, Balogun MS. Evaluation of malaria surveillance system in Benue State, Nigeria. Malar J 2022; 21:348. [PMID: 36419052 PMCID: PMC9682768 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is a priority global health disease with high morbidity and mortality especially among children under-five and pregnant women. Malaria elimination requires an effective surveillance system. The malaria surveillance system in Benue State was evaluated to assess its attributes and performance in line with set objectives. METHODS The updated United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline for evaluating surveillance systems was used. The surveillance system's key attributes was quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to all Local Government Area (LGA) Roll Back Malaria (RBM) focal persons and five key informants were interviewed at the State level. The Benue State District Health Information System-2 (DHIS-2) malaria data and monthly summary forms were reviewed from January 2015 to December 2019. RESULTS A total of 46 RBM focal persons and 5 key-informants participated. About 56.9% were males, the mean-age 43.8 (SD ± 9.3) years and 32 (62.8%) had ≥ 20-year experience on malaria surveillance with mean-year-experience 20.8 (SD ± 7.8) years. All 46 (100%) RBMs understood the case definition; 43 (93.5%) found it easy-to-fill the standardized data tools and understood the data flow channels. The malaria surveillance system in Benue is simple, acceptable and useful to all stakeholders, 36 (70.6%) found switching from the paper-based to the electronic-data tools with ease and 45 (88.2%) stated that analysed data were used for decision-making. Data flow from LGA to State is clearly defined, however majority of the data is collected from public health facilities through the DHIS-2 Platform. The overall timeliness and completeness of reporting was 76.5% and 95.7%, respectively, which were below the ≥ 80% and 100% targets, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The malaria surveillance system in Benue State is simple, useful, acceptable, and flexible, but it is not representative and timely. Public-private and public-public-partnerships should be strengthened to encourage reporting from both private and tertiary health facilities and improve representativeness, and frequent feedback to improve reporting timeliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Okpeh Amede
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Nigeria ,grid.474986.00000 0004 8941 7549African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Susan Abege
- Benue State Ministry of Health, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Akawe
- Benue State Ministry of Health, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Jeh Derek
- Benue State Ministry of Health, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Adedire
- grid.474986.00000 0004 8941 7549African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria
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de Arriba-Fernández A, Molina-Cabrillana J, Serra-Majem L, García-de Carlos P. Assessment of the surgical site infection in colon surgery and antibiotic prophylaxis adequacy: a multi-center incidence study. Cir Esp 2022; 100:718-724. [PMID: 35853568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgically site infections (SSIs) are a major problem that limits the benefits of surgical interventions. The cumulative incidence of SSIs in colon surgery and compliance with antibiotic prophylaxis as well as the causes of non-compliance were evaluated. METHODS Multi-centre prospective surveillance study between 2012 and 2019 in seven hospitals of the Canary Health Service using an active epidemiological surveillance system. SSIs was defined according to the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS In 2019, the cumulative incidence of SSIs was 10.6% (n = 80), which implies maintaining the downward trend since 2012. The appearance of SSIs was more frequent during admission (76%). Surgical prophylaxis was adequate in 81.2%, the main causes of inadequacy being the excessive duration of the antimicrobial prescription (49%) and failure in the indication (33%). The incidence was higher in the group of organ-space infections (53.75% of the total) compared to superficial and deep infections. CONCLUTION The cumulative incidence of SSIs obtained is similar to that calculated in other studies carried out under similar conditions. Preoperative chemoprophylaxis was adequate in most of the interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro de Arriba-Fernández
- Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Jesús Molina-Cabrillana
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Pastore A, Tonellato SF, Aliverti E, Campostrini S. When does morbidity start? An analysis of changes in morbidity between 2013 and 2019 in Italy. STAT METHOD APPL-GER 2022; 32:1-15. [PMID: 36311812 PMCID: PMC9589774 DOI: 10.1007/s10260-022-00668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Morbidity is one of the key aspects for assessing populations' well-being. In particular, chronic diseases negatively affect the quality of life in the old age and the risk that more years added to lives are years of disability and illness. Novel analysis, interventions and policies are required to understand and potentially mitigate this issue. In this article, we focus on investigating whether in Italy the compression of morbidity is in act in the recent years, parallely to an increase of life expectancy. Our analysis rely on large repeated cross-sectional data from the national surveillance system passi, providing deep insights on the evolution of morbidity together with other socio-demographical variables. In addition, we investigate differences in morbidity across subgroups, focusing on disparities by gender, level of education and economic difficulties, and assessing the evolution of these differences across the period 2013-2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pastore
- Department of Economics, Ca’ Foscari University, Venice, Italy
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Hu YL, Chen CM, Wang ET, Kuo HW, Shih WL, Fang CT, Liu DP, Chang LY. The secular trend of enterovirus A71 after the implementation of preventive measures in Taiwan. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1483. [PMID: 35927656 PMCID: PMC9351194 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterovirus A71 (EV A71) is one of the most important enteroviruses related to morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. This study aimed to analyse the secular trend of EV A71 in Taiwan from 1998 to 2020 and to evaluate the effectiveness of infection control measures. METHODS We collected the epidemiological data of EV A71 from disease surveillance systems in Taiwan. We analysed the association between the secular trend of EV A71 and preventive measures such as hand washing, case isolation, and suspension of classes. RESULTS The incidence of enterovirus infections with severe complications (EVSC) decreased from 16.25 per 100,000 children under six in 1998 to less than 9.73 per 100,000 children under six after 2012 (P = 0.0022). The mortality rate also decreased significantly, from 3.52 per 100,000 children under six in 1998 to 0 per 100,000 children under six in 2020 (P < 0.0001). The numbers of EVSC and fatalities were significantly higher in the years when EV A71 accounted for more than 10% of the annual predominant serotypes (p < 0.05). After the implementation of many non-pharmaceutical interventions in 2012, the incidence of EVSC and mortality rate decreased significantly (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS After implementing active enterovirus surveillance and preventive measures, we found that the incidence of EVSC and fatalities due to EV A71 in Taiwan decreased significantly from 1998 to 2020. Continuous surveillance and strengthened infection control policies are still needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 8, Chung Shan S. Rd., Taipei, 10041, Taiwan.,Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University and Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare and National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Mei Chen
- Epidemic Intelligence Center, Centers for Disease Control, No. 6, Linsen S. Rd., Taipei, 10050, Taiwan
| | - En-Tzu Wang
- Epidemic Intelligence Center, Centers for Disease Control, No. 6, Linsen S. Rd., Taipei, 10050, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Kuo
- Epidemic Intelligence Center, Centers for Disease Control, No. 6, Linsen S. Rd., Taipei, 10050, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Shih
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University and Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare and National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Fang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University and Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare and National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Ping Liu
- Epidemic Intelligence Center, Centers for Disease Control, No. 6, Linsen S. Rd., Taipei, 10050, Taiwan.
| | - Luan-Yin Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 8, Chung Shan S. Rd., Taipei, 10041, Taiwan.
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Marra A, Donzelli A, Florescu C, Rauzino A, Mattei A, Sbarbati MM, Fiasca F, Stefanati A, Gabutti G. Active surveillance of adverse events after immunization (AEFI) from the Local Health Unitof Ferrara, Italy. J Prev Med Hyg 2022; 63:E208-E212. [PMID: 35968066 PMCID: PMC9351419 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Vaccine vigilance implies the collection, evaluation, analysis and communication of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and is a useful tool for vaccine monitoring allowing, even after approval and marketing, to check its safety/tolerability. The multiregional project "Active surveillance of adverse vaccine reactions", joined by the AUSL of Ferrara, is aimed at making parents of children, who have undergone at least one vaccination provided by the regional vaccination calendar in the first 24 months of life, aware of the reporting of any AEFI via mobile phone-SMS. Methods An analysis of the project data, collected in the period March 2018 - May 2019, was carried out, to evaluate the effectiveness of the reporting tool and the type and frequency of AEFI. Anonymized data were analyzed by number, gender, distribution by age, type of vaccine, adverse event, severity and outcome. Results A total of 1,494 consents and 983 SMS messages were obtained from parents. The vaccine doses carried out were 1,984 (28.3% hexavalent, 28% PCV13, 17% anti-rotavirus, 14.3% Men-B). Almost all (99.5%) AEFI were classified as "not serious". Based on the Organ System Class (SOC), most reports are related to "General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions" (52.3%), followed by "Psychiatric Disorders" (26.5%) and "Metabolic and nutrition disorders" (12.5%). Conclusions The reported AEFI are in line with the ones reported in the literature. Reporting via SMS is a valid vaccine surveillance tool contributing to the qualitative and quantitative improvement of the information transmitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marra
- Hospital Pharmacy OU, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Florescu
- Post-Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Rauzino
- Post-Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonella Mattei
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Fabiana Fiasca
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Armando Stefanati
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gabutti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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20
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Kumar S, Yadav D, Gupta H, Kumar M, Verma OP. Towards smart surveillance as an aftereffect of COVID-19 outbreak for recognition of face masked individuals using YOLOv3 algorithm. Multimed Tools Appl 2022; 82:8381-8403. [PMID: 35968407 PMCID: PMC9362536 DOI: 10.1007/s11042-021-11560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The eruption of COVID-19 pandemic has led to the blossoming usage of face masks among individuals in the communal settings. To prevent the transmission of the virus, a mandatory mask-wearing rule in public areas has been enforced. Owing to the use of face masks in communities at different workplaces, an effective surveillance seems essential because several security analyses indicate that face masks may be used as a tool to hide the identity. Therefore, this work proposes a framework for the development of a smart surveillance system as an aftereffect of COVID-19 for recognition of individuals behind the face mask. For this purpose, transfer learning approach has been employed to train the custom dataset by YOLOv3 algorithm in the Darknet neural network framework. Moreover, to demonstrate the competence of YOLOv3 algorithm, a comparative analysis with YOLOv3-tiny has been presented. The simulated results verify the robustness of YOLOv3 algorithm in the recognition of individuals behind the face mask. Also, YOLOv3 algorithm achieves a mAP of 98.73% on custom dataset, outperforming YOLOv3-tiny by approximately 62%. Moreover, YOLOv3 algorithm provides adequate speed and accuracy on small faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Drishti Yadav
- Faculty of Informatics, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Himanshu Gupta
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, 144011 India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Information & Technology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, 144011 India
| | - Om Prakash Verma
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, 144011 India
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21
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Shafiee M, Mahboubi M, Shanbehzadeh M, Kazemi-Arpanahi H. Design, development, and evaluation of a surveillance system for suicidal behaviors in Iran. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2022; 22:180. [PMID: 35818024 PMCID: PMC9275034 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-01925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in Iran and worldwide. Although several organizations gather information on suicide and suicide attempts, there is substantial misperception regarding the description of the phenomenon. This study proposes the minimum data set (MDS) for suicidal behaviors surveillance. METHODS A literature review was first conducted to achieve a thorough overview of suicide-related items and map the existing evidence supporting the development of the MDS. The data items included in the literature review were then analyzed using a two-round Delphi technique with content validation by an expert panel. The suicidal behaviors surveillance system was then established based on the confirmed MDS, and ultimately, its performance was assessed by involving the end-users. RESULTS The panel of experts consisted of 50 experts who participated in the Delphi phase and validity content review. Of these, 46% were men, and their mean age and average work experience were (36.4, SD ± 6.4) and (12.32, SD ± 5.2) years, respectively. The final MDS platform of our study contained 108 items classified into eight main categories. A web-based system with a modular and layered architecture was developed based on the derived MDS. CONCLUSION The developed system provides a framework for recording suicidal behaviors' data. The integration of multiple suicide-related information systems at the regional and national levels makes it possible to assess the long-term outcomes and evolutions of suicide prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Shafiee
- Department of Nursing, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahboubi
- Department of Public Health, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Shanbehzadeh
- Department of Health Information Technology, School of Paramedical, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hadi Kazemi-Arpanahi
- Department of Health Information Technology, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran. .,Department of Student Research Committee, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
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22
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Zhang Y, Zhu K, Huang W, Guo Z, Jiang S, Zheng C, Yu Y. Can wastewater surveillance assist China to cost-effectively prevent the nationwide outbreak of COVID-19? Sci Total Environ 2022; 829:154719. [PMID: 35331760 PMCID: PMC8935960 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
China has controlled the nationwide spread of COVID-19 since April 2020, but it is still facing an enormous threat of disease resurgence originating from infected international travelers. Taking the rapid transmission and the mutation of SARS-CoV-2 into consideration, the current status would be easily jeopardized if sporadic locally-transmitted individuals are not identified at an early stage. Clinical diagnosis is the gold standard for COVID-19 surveillance, but it is hard to screen presymptomatic or asymptomatic cases in those who have not exhibited symptoms. Since presymptomatic or asymptomatic individuals are infectious, it is urgent to establish a surveillance system based on other tools that can profile the entire population. Infected people including those who are symptomatic, presymptomatic, and asymptomatic shed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces and thereby endow wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) with an early-warning ability for mass COVID-19 surveillance. In the context of China's "COVID-zero" strategy, this work intends to discuss the practical feasibility of WBE applications as an early warning and disease surveillance system in hopes that WBE together with clinical testing would cost-effectively restrain sporadic COVID-19 outbreaks in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Kongquan Zhu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Weiyi Huang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Zhixuan Guo
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Senhua Jiang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Chujun Zheng
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China.
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23
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Gómez-García L, Hidalgo-Solórzano E, Pérez-Núñez R, Jacobo-Zepeda VF, Ascencio-Tene RG, Lunnen JC, Mehmood A. Factors associated with the severity of road traffic injuries from emergency department based surveillance system in two Mexican cities. BMC Emerg Med 2022; 22:20. [PMID: 35120440 PMCID: PMC8815254 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-022-00576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited data from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) on the severity of road traffic injuries (RTIs) and their relation to different variables of interest are routinely obtained. Knowledge on this subject relies on evidence from high-income countries, which might not be the same as in LMICs. This information is greatly needed to advance and inform local and regional efforts towards the United Nations’ Decade of Action and the Sustainable Development Goals. Methods From May 2012 to November 2014, a RTI surveillance system was implemented in two referral hospitals in two Mexican cities, León and Guadalajara, with the objective of exploring the relationship between Injury Severity Score (ISS) and different sociodemographic characteristics of the injured as well as different variables related to the event and the environment. All individuals suffering RTIs who visited the Emergency Rooms (ER) were included after granting informed consent. A Zero-Truncated Negative Binomial Model was employed to explore the statistical association between ISS and variables of interest. Results 3024 individuals participated in the study: 2185 (72.3%) patients from León and 839 patients (27.7%) from Guadalajara. Being male, in the 20–59 age-group, having less schooling, events occurring in Guadalajara, on Sundays, at night, and arriving at ER via public/private ambulance were all associated with an increased log count of ISS. Found a significant interaction effect (p-value< 0.05) between type of road user and alcohol intake six hours before the accident on severity of the injury (ISS). The use of illicit drugs, cellphones and safety devices during the event showed no association to ISS. Conclusions Our study contributes to the statistical analysis of ISS obtained through RTI hospital surveillance systems. Findings might facilitate the development and evaluation of focused interventions to reduce RTIs in vulnerable users, to enhance ER services and prehospital care, and to reduce drink driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Gómez-García
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Universidad #655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerr los Pinos y Caminera, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Elisa Hidalgo-Solórzano
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Universidad #655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerr los Pinos y Caminera, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Núñez
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Universidad #655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerr los Pinos y Caminera, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Jeffrey C Lunnen
- Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amber Mehmood
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA
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24
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Kumar PM, Hong CS. Internet of things for secure surveillance for sewage wastewater treatment systems. Environ Res 2022; 203:111899. [PMID: 34416251 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
IoT is a secure communication technology used to transfer data from a physical entity to a device with intelligent analysis tools through a wireless channel. The wastewater treatment method extracts pollutants and transforms them into effluents added to the water supply with minimal environmental effects or recovered directly. The major issue is monitoring the disposal of sewage in the treatment plants. Hence, this paper, Surveillance-based Sewage Wastewater Monitoring System (SSWMS) with IoT, has been proposed for monitoring wastewater treatment and improving water quality. A smart water sensor enabled by IoT monitors water quality, water pressure, and water temperature and quantifies water dynamics to map water flow through the entire treatment facility. The proposed method calculates the wastewater treatment facility's effectiveness and ensures that chemical releases are maintained below allowable levels. Thus, the experimental results show the improved recycling water quality level is raised to 97.98%, enhancing secure communication and less moisture content when compared to other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Choong Seon Hong
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, South Korea.
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25
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Esmaeilzadeh N, Bahonar A, Rahimi Foroushani A, Nasehi M, Amiri K, Hadjzadeh MAR. Temporal trends and prediction of bovine tuberculosis: a time series analysis in the North-East of Iran. Iran J Vet Res 2022; 23:12-17. [PMID: 35782355 PMCID: PMC9238935 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2021.39440.5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a disease with high economic relevance. AIMS This study aimed to determine a fast alert surveillance system for bTB before the outbreak in the epidemic region of Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted using the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model for monthly bTB detections (reactors). These reactor cases result from the positive Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) test on cattle farms for the period between April 2007 and March 2019 in Razavi Khorasan province. Autocorrelation functions (ACF) and partial autocorrelation functions (PACF) plots were used to determine model parameters. The Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) were employed to select the best-fitted model. The root mean square error (RMSE) was applied for the evaluation of the models. Then, the best-fitted model was hired to predict the cases for 12 oncoming months. The data were analysed by STATA (ver. 14) software with a significant level at P≤0.05. RESULTS ARIMA (3, 0, 3) 12 was introduced as a recommended fitted model according to white noise residual test (Q=22.87 and P=0.98), lower AIC (541.85), and more precise model RMSE (1.50). However, the forecast values were more than the observed values. CONCLUSION The application and interpretation of ARIMA models are straightforward, and may be used as immediate tools for monitoring systems. However, we proposed an Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous Input (ARIMAX) model with some measurable exotic factors such as economic fluctuations, climate changes, and pulmonary tuberculosis to introduce a more precise and accurate model for the fast alert surveillance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A. Bahonar
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Rahimi Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Nasehi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - K. Amiri
- Deputy of Bureau Health and Management of Animal Diseases, Veterinary Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. A. R. Hadjzadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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26
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Wang Q, He Y, Hajat S, Cheng J, Xu Z, Hu W, Ma W, Huang C. Temperature-sensitive morbidity indicator: consequence from the increased ambulance dispatches associated with heat and cold exposure. Int J Biometeorol 2021; 65:1871-1880. [PMID: 33963898 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current development of temperature-related health early warning systems mainly arises from knowledge of temperature-related mortality or hospital-based morbidity. However, due to the delay in data reporting and limits in hospital capacity, these indicators cannot be used in health risk assessments timely. In this study, we examine temperature impacts on emergency ambulance and discuss the benefits of using this near real-time indicator for risk assessment and early warning. We collected ambulance dispatch data recording individual characteristics and preliminary diagnoses between 2015 and 2016 in Shenzhen, China. Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to examine the effects of high and low temperatures on ambulance dispatches during warm and cold seasons. Lag effects were also assessed to evaluate the sensitivity of ambulance dispatches in reflecting immediate health reactions. Stratified analyses by gender, age, and a wide range of diagnoses were performed to identify vulnerable subgroups. Disease-specific numbers of ambulance dispatches attributable to non-optimal temperature were calculated to determine the related medical burdens. Effects of temperature on ambulance dispatches appeared to be acute on the current day. Males, people aged 18-44 years, were more susceptible to non-optimal temperatures. Highest RR during heat exposure by far was for urinary disease, alcohol intoxication, and traumatic injury, while alcohol intoxication and cardiovascular disease were especially sensitive to cold exposure, causing the main part of health burden. The development of local health surveillance systems by utilizing ambulance dispatch data are important for temperature impact assessments and medical resource reallocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchuan Wang
- Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, 187 Guanlan Avenue, Longhua District, Shenzhen, 518110, China.
| | - Yiling He
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Road #2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai, China
| | - Shakoor Hajat
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, London, UK
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Road #2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, China.
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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27
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El Guerche-Séblain C, Rigoine De Fougerolles T, Sampson K, Jennings L, Van Buynder P, Shu Y, Sekawi Z, Yee-Sin L, Walls T, Vitoux O, Yin JK, Wong A, Schellevis F, Vanhems P. Comparison of influenza surveillance systems in Australia, China, Malaysia and expert recommendations for influenza control. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1750. [PMID: 34563151 PMCID: PMC8466892 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Western Pacific Region (WPR) is exposed each year to seasonal influenza and is often the source of new influenza virus variants and novel pathogen emergence. National influenza surveillance systems play a critical role in detecting emerging viruses, monitoring influenza epidemics, improving public disease awareness and promoting pandemic preparedness, but vary widely across WPR countries. The aim of this study is to improve existing influenza surveillance systems by systematically comparing selected WPR influenza surveillance systems. METHODS Three national influenza surveillance systems with different levels of development (Australia, China and Malaysia) were compared and their adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) guidance was evaluated using a structured framework previously tested in several European countries consisting of seven surveillance sub-systems, 19 comparable outcomes and five evaluation criteria. Based on the results, experts from the Asia-Pacific Alliance for the Control of Influenza (APACI) issued recommendations for the improvement of existing surveillance systems. RESULTS Australia demonstrated the broadest scope of influenza surveillance followed by China and Malaysia. In Australia, surveillance tools covered all sub-systems. In China, surveillance did not cover non-medically attended respiratory events, primary care consultations, and excess mortality modelling. In Malaysia, surveillance consisted of primary care and hospital sentinel schemes. There were disparities between the countries across the 5 evaluation criteria, particularly regarding data granularity from health authorities, information on data representativeness, and data communication, especially the absence of publicly available influenza epidemiological reports in Malaysia. This dual approach describing the scope of surveillance and evaluating the adherence to WHO guidance enabled APACI experts to make a number of recommendations for each country that included but were not limited to introducing new surveillance tools, broadening the use of specific existing surveillance tools, collecting and sharing data on virus characteristics, developing immunization status registries, and improving public health communication. CONCLUSIONS Influenza monitoring in Australia, China, and Malaysia could benefit from the expansion of existing surveillance sentinel schemes, the broadened use of laboratory confirmation and the introduction of excess-mortality modelling. The results from the evaluation can be used as a basis to support expert recommendations and to enhance influenza surveillance capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde El Guerche-Séblain
- Global Medical Evidence Generation (MEG) Lead, Influenza Sanofi Pasteur, Medical Influenza Franchise, Sanofi-Aventis (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 38, Beach Road, #18-11, South Beach Tower, Sanofi Pasteur, Singapore, Singapore.
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | | | - Kim Sampson
- Asia-Pacific Alliance for the Control of Influenza (APACI), Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Immunisation Coalition, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lance Jennings
- University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Paul Van Buynder
- Department of Public Health, Griffith University, Griffith, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zamberi Sekawi
- Chair Malaysia Influenza Working Group (MIWG), Universiti Putra, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Leo Yee-Sin
- National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tony Walls
- University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Paediatric Society of New Zealand Infection and Immunization Special Interest Group, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - J Kevin Yin
- Global Medical Affairs, Sanofi Pasteur, Singapore, Singapore
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ada Wong
- Public Affairs, Sanofi Pasteur, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francois Schellevis
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Vanhems
- Unité d'Hygiène, Epidémiologie, Infectiovigilance et Prévention, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- PHE3ID, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1111, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, École Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Papadomanolakis-Pakis N, Maier A, van Dijk A, VanStone N, Moore KM. Development and assessment of a hospital admissions-based syndromic surveillance system for COVID-19 in Ontario, Canada: ACES Pandemic Tracker. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1230. [PMID: 34174852 PMCID: PMC8233625 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has continued to pose a major global public health risk. The importance of public health surveillance systems to monitor the spread and impact of COVID-19 has been well demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to describe the development and effectiveness of a real-time public health syndromic surveillance system (ACES Pandemic Tracker) as an early warning system and to provide situational awareness in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada. METHODS We used hospital admissions data from the Acute Care Enhanced Surveillance (ACES) system to collect data on pre-defined groupings of symptoms (syndromes of interest; SOI) that may be related to COVID-19 from 131 hospitals across Ontario. To evaluate which SOI for suspected COVID-19 admissions were best correlated with laboratory confirmed admissions, laboratory confirmed COVID-19 hospital admissions data were collected from the Ontario Ministry of Health. Correlations and time-series lag analysis between suspected and confirmed COVID-19 hospital admissions were calculated. Data used for analyses covered the period between March 1, 2020 and September 21, 2020. RESULTS Between March 1, 2020 and September 21, 2020, ACES Pandemic Tracker identified 22,075 suspected COVID-19 hospital admissions (150 per 100,000 population) in Ontario. After correlation analysis, we found laboratory-confirmed hospital admissions for COVID-19 were strongly and significantly correlated with suspected COVID-19 hospital admissions when SOI were included (Spearman's rho = 0.617) and suspected COVID-19 admissions when SOI were excluded (Spearman's rho = 0.867). Weak to moderate significant correlations were found among individual SOI. Laboratory confirmed COVID-19 hospital admissions lagged in reporting by 3 days compared with suspected COVID-19 admissions when SOI were excluded. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the utility of a hospital admissions syndromic surveillance system to monitor and identify potential surges in severe COVID-19 infection within the community in a timely manner and provide situational awareness to inform preventive and preparatory health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Papadomanolakis-Pakis
- Knowledge Management Division, Kingston, Frontenac and Lennox & Addington Public Health, 221 Portsmouth Avenue, Kingston, Ontario, K7M 1V5, Canada.
| | - Allison Maier
- Knowledge Management Division, Kingston, Frontenac and Lennox & Addington Public Health, 221 Portsmouth Avenue, Kingston, Ontario, K7M 1V5, Canada
| | - Adam van Dijk
- Knowledge Management Division, Kingston, Frontenac and Lennox & Addington Public Health, 221 Portsmouth Avenue, Kingston, Ontario, K7M 1V5, Canada
| | - Nancy VanStone
- Knowledge Management Division, Kingston, Frontenac and Lennox & Addington Public Health, 221 Portsmouth Avenue, Kingston, Ontario, K7M 1V5, Canada
| | - Kieran Michael Moore
- Office of the Medical Officer of Health, Kingston, Frontenac and Lennox & Addington Public Health, 221 Portsmouth Avenue, Kingston, Ontario, K7M 1V5, Canada
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de Arriba-Fernández A, Molina-Cabrillana J, Serra-Majem L, García-de Carlos P. Assessment of the surgical site infection in colon surgery and antibiotic prophylaxis adequacy: A multi-center incidence study. Cir Esp 2021; 100:S0009-739X(21)00206-2. [PMID: 34167798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgically site infections (SSIs) are a major problem that limits the benefits of surgical interventions. The cumulative incidence of SSIs in colon surgery and compliance with antibiotic prophylaxis as well as the causes of non-compliance were evaluated. METHODS Multi-centre prospective surveillance study between 2012 and 2019 in seven hospitals of the Canary Health Service using an active epidemiological surveillance system. SSIs was defined according to the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS In 2019, the cumulative incidence of SSIs was 10.6% (n=80), which implies maintaining the downward trend since 2012. The appearance of SSIs was more frequent during admission (76%). Surgical prophylaxis was adequate in 81.2%, the main causes of inadequacy being the excessive duration of the antimicrobial prescription (49%) and failure in the indication (33%). The incidence was higher in the group of organ-space infections (53.75% of the total) compared to superficial and deep infections. CONCLUSION The cumulative incidence of SSIs obtained is similar to that calculated in other studies carried out under similar conditions. Preoperative chemoprophylaxis was adequate in most of the interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro de Arriba-Fernández
- Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España.
| | - Jesús Molina-Cabrillana
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
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Hajia M, Sohrabi A. Current Situation of Molecular Diagnostic Assay in Iran: Is it Necessary to Revise of Health Surveillance System at Laboratory Level? Indian J Clin Biochem 2021; 36:250-251. [PMID: 33867722 PMCID: PMC7994477 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Hajia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Center of Health Reference Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sohrabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Solna Campus, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
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Kusuma D, Pradeepa R, Khawaja KI, Hasan M, Siddiqui S, Mahmood S, Ali Shah SM, De Silva CK, de Silva L, Gamage M, Loomba M, Rajakaruna VP, Hanif AAM, Kamalesh RB, Kumarendran B, Loh M, Misra A, Tassawar A, Tyagi A, Waghdhare S, Burney S, Ahmad S, Mohan V, Sarker M, Goon IY, Kasturiratne A, Kooner JS, Katulanda P, Jha S, Anjana RM, Mridha MK, Sassi F, Chambers JC. Low uptake of COVID-19 prevention behaviours and high socioeconomic impact of lockdown measures in South Asia: Evidence from a large-scale multi-country surveillance programme. SSM Popul Health 2021; 13:100751. [PMID: 33665333 PMCID: PMC7902538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asia has become a major epicentre of the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding South Asians' awareness, attitudes and experiences of early measures for the prevention of COVID-19 is key to improving the effectiveness and mitigating the social and economic impacts of pandemic responses at a critical time for the Region. METHODS We assessed the knowledge, behaviours, health and socio-economic circumstances of 29,809 adult men and women, at 93 locations across four South Asian countries. Data were collected during the national lockdowns implemented from March to July 2020, and compared with data collected prior to the pandemic as part of an ongoing prospective surveillance initiative. RESULTS Participants were 61% female, mean age 45.1 years. Almost half had one or more chronic disease, including diabetes (16%), hypertension (23%) or obesity (16%). Knowledge of the primary COVID-19 symptoms and transmission routes was high, but access to hygiene and personal protection resources was low (running water 63%, hand sanitisers 53%, paper tissues 48%). Key preventive measures were not widely adopted. Knowledge, access to, and uptake of COVID-19 prevention measures were low amongst people from disadvantaged socio-economic groups. Fifteen percent of people receiving treatment for chronic diseases reported loss of access to long-term medications; 40% reported symptoms suggestive of anxiety or depression. The prevalence of unemployment rose from 9.3% to 39.4% (P < 0.001), and household income fell by 52% (P < 0.001) during the lockdown. Younger people and those from less affluent socio-economic groups were most severely impacted. Sedentary time increased by 32% and inadequate fruit and vegetable intake increased by 10% (P < 0.001 for both), while tobacco and alcohol consumption dropped by 41% and 80%, respectively (P < 0.001), during the lockdown. CONCLUSIONS Our results identified important knowledge, access and uptake barriers to the prevention of COVID-19 in South Asia, and demonstrated major adverse impacts of the pandemic on chronic disease treatment, mental health, health-related behaviours, employment and household finances. We found important sociodemographic differences for impact, suggesting a widening of existing inequalities. Our findings underscore the need for immediate large-scale action to close gaps in knowledge and access to essential resources for prevention, along with measures to safeguard economic production and mitigate socio-economic impacts on the young and the poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Kusuma
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Imperial College Business School, UK
| | | | | | - Mehedi Hasan
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sara Mahmood
- Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Manoja Gamage
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Abu AM Hanif
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Marie Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Saira Burney
- Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Malabika Sarker
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ian Y. Goon
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jaspal S. Kooner
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Malay K. Mridha
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Franco Sassi
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Imperial College Business School, UK
| | - John C. Chambers
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - NIHR Global Health Research Unit for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in South Asia
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Imperial College Business School, UK
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
- Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Max Healthcare, New Delhi, India
- Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Sri Lanka
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Sabri ZS, Li Z. Low-cost intelligent surveillance system based on fast CNN. PeerJ Comput Sci 2021; 7:e402. [PMID: 33817046 PMCID: PMC7959643 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Smart surveillance systems are used to monitor specific areas, such as homes, buildings, and borders, and these systems can effectively detect any threats. In this work, we investigate the design of low-cost multiunit surveillance systems that can control numerous surveillance cameras to track multiple objects (i.e., people, cars, and guns) and promptly detect human activity in real time using low computational systems, such as compact or single board computers. Deep learning techniques are employed to detect certain objects to surveil homes/buildings and recognize suspicious and vital events to ensure that the system can alarm officers of relevant events, such as stranger intrusions, the presence of guns, suspicious movements, and identified fugitives. The proposed model is tested on two computational systems, specifically, a single board computer (Raspberry Pi) with the Raspbian OS and a compact computer (Intel NUC) with the Windows OS. In both systems, we employ components, such as a camera to stream real-time video and an ultrasonic sensor to alarm personnel of threats when movement is detected in restricted areas or near walls. The system program is coded in Python, and a convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to perform recognition. The program is optimized by using a foreground object detection algorithm to improve recognition in terms of both accuracy and speed. The saliency algorithm is used to slice certain required objects from scenes, such as humans, cars, and airplanes. In this regard, two saliency algorithms, based on local and global patch saliency detection are considered. We develop a system that combines two saliency approaches and recognizes the features extracted using these saliency techniques with a conventional neural network. The field results demonstrate a significant improvement in detection, ranging between 34% and 99.9% for different situations. The low percentage is related to the presence of unclear objects or activities that are different from those involving humans. However, even in the case of low accuracy, recognition and threat identification are performed with an accuracy of 100% in approximately 0.7 s, even when using computer systems with relatively weak hardware specifications, such as a single board computer (Raspberry Pi). These results prove that the proposed system can be practically used to design a low-cost and intelligent security and tracking system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Saeb Sabri
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Computer Science & Information Systems, Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad, Al-Andalus Square, Iraq
| | - Zhiyong Li
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Ng'etich AKS, Voyi K, Mutero CM. Evaluation of health surveillance system attributes: the case of neglected tropical diseases in Kenya. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:396. [PMID: 33622289 PMCID: PMC7903773 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Control of preventive chemotherapy-targeted neglected tropical diseases (PC-NTDs) relies on strengthened health systems. Efficient health information systems provide an impetus to achieving the sustainable development goal aimed at ending PC-NTD epidemics. However, there is limited assessment of surveillance system functions linked to PC-NTDs and hinged on optimum performance of surveillance system attributes. The study aimed to evaluate surveillance system attributes based on healthcare workers’ perceptions in relation to PC-NTDs endemic in Kenya. Methods A cross-sectional health facility survey was used to purposively sample respondents involved in disease surveillance activities. Consenting respondents completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed their perceptions on surveillance system attributes on a five-point likert scale. Frequency distributions for each point in the likert scale were analysed to determine health workers’ overall perceptions. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and estimated median values with corresponding interquartile ranges used to summarise reporting rates. Factor analysis identified variables measuring specific latent attributes. Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests examined associations between categorical variables. Thematic analysis was performed for questionnaire open-ended responses. Results Most (88%) respondents worked in public health facilities with 71% stationed in second-tier facilities. Regarding PC-NTDs, respondents perceived the surveillance system to be simple (55%), acceptable (50%), stable (41%), flexible (41%), useful (51%) and to provide quality data (25%). Facility locality, facility type, respondents’ education level and years of work experience were associated with perceived opinion on acceptability (p = 0.046; p = 0.049; p = 0.032 and p = 0.032) and stability (p = 0.030; p = 0.022; p = 0.015 and p = 0.024) respectively. Median monthly reporting timeliness and completeness rates for facilities were 75 (58.3, 83.3) and 83.3 (58.3, 100) respectively. Higher-level facilities met reporting timeliness (p < 0.001) and completeness (p < 0.001) thresholds compared to lower-level facilities. Conclusion Health personnel had lower perceptions on the stability, flexibility and data quality of the surveillance system considering PC-NTDs. Reporting timeliness and completeness rates decreased in 2017 compared to previous surveillance periods. Strengthening all surveillance functions would influence health workers’ perceptions and improve surveillance system overall performance with regard to PC-NTDs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10443-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur K S Ng'etich
- School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Kuku Voyi
- School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Clifford M Mutero
- School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control (UP ISMC), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
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Bej D, Chakraborty S, Mahammad SA, Mal AK. A cost-effective alertness-rating tool to enable situational awareness among on-duty static security guards in Covid-19 pandemic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021;:1-13. [PMID: 33457191 DOI: 10.1007/s40860-020-00128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The workload of the static security guards has doubled due to the Covid-19 outbreak. In addition to their regular duties, they undertake some additional tasks to evaluate each individual’s body temperature and welcome them with a hand sanitizer. In this scenario, their situational awareness is hugely desirable to perform these activities for the entire campus’s safety. This situational awareness of guards means their ability to observe, inspect, and make the right decisions. However, due to their fatigue and other secondary activities, such as cell phone use, they cannot perform their duties correctly. In this context, this paper presents a method for sending random alarms in real-time to the on-duty guards, who are executing their work at the campus gates, remotely monitoring the alertness throughout the day from the head security office. For alertness detection, the system uses a simple client–server model. The system is designed using NodeMCU Wi-Fi modules. The algorithm of the Client, server, and repeater has been developed. The prototype has been tested by placing it on the working individuals’ desk inside the departmental lab inside the campus. The system records the response time of the working individuals. These data are further used to calculate their percentage of alertness. In addition, an alertness-rating/scoring method has been developed to improve their work performance. This system can be an economical solution to enable the awareness of on-duty guards.
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Taherpour N, Mehrabi Y, Seifi A, Eshrati B, Hashemi Nazari SS. Epidemiologic characteristics of orthopedic surgical site infections and under-reporting estimation of registries using capture-recapture analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:3. [PMID: 33397322 PMCID: PMC7784323 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are among the leading causes of the postoperative complications. This study aimed at investigating the epidemiologic characteristics of orthopedic SSIs and estimating the under-reporting of registries using the capture-recapture method. Methods This study, which was a registry-based, cross-sectional one, was conducted in six educational hospitals in Tehran during a one-year period, from March, 2017 to March, 2018. The data were collected from two hospital registries (National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System (NNIS) and Health Information Management database (HIM)). First, all orthopedic SSIs registered in these sources were used to perform capture-recapture (N = 503). Second, 202 samples were randomly selected to assess patients` characteristics. Results Totally, 76.24% of SSIs were detected post-discharge. Staphylococcus aureus (11.38%) was the most frequently detected bacterium in orthopedic SSIs. The median time between the detection of a SSI and the discharge was 17 days. The results of a study done on 503 SSIs showed that the coverage of NNIS and HIM was 59.95 and 65.17%, respectively. After capture-recapture estimation, it was found that about 221 of orthopedic SSIs were not detected by two sources among six hospitals and the real number of SSIs were estimated to be 623 ± 36.58 (95% CI, 552–695) and under-reporting percentage was 63.32%. Conclusion To recognize the trends of SSIs mortality and morbidity in national level, it is significant to have access to a registry with minimum underestimated data. Therefore, according to the weak coverage of NNIS and HIM among Iranian hospitals, a plan for promoting the national Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) programs and providing updated protocols is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Taherpour
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Mehrabi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Seifi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Eshrati
- Center for Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari
- Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd, Evin Ave, Tehran, Postal code: 198353-5511, Iran.
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Thomas A, Bakai TA, Atcha-Oubou T, Tchadjobo T, Voirin N. Implementation of a malaria sentinel surveillance system in Togo: a pilot study. Malar J 2020; 19:330. [PMID: 32907580 PMCID: PMC7487970 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Togo, the National Malaria Control Programme, in collaboration with the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, has implemented a pilot study for malaria sentinel surveillance since 2017, which consists of collecting information in real time and analysing this information for decision-making. The first 20 months of malaria morbidity and mortality trends, and malaria case management in health facilities included in the surveillance were assessed. Methods Since July 2017, 16 health facilities called sentinel sites, 4 hospitals and 12 peripheral care units located in 2 epidemiologically different health regions, have provided weekly data on malaria morbidity and mortality for the following 3 target groups: < 5-years-old children, ≥ 5-years-old children and adults, and pregnant women. Data from week 29 in 2017 to week 13 in 2019 were analysed. Results Each sentinel site provided complete data and the median time to data entry was 4 days. The number of confirmed malaria cases increased during the rainy seasons both in children under 5 years old and in children over 5 years old and adults. Malaria-related deaths occurred mainly in children under 5 years old and increased during the rainy seasons. The mean percentage of tested cases for malaria among suspected malaria cases was 99.0%. The mean percentage of uncomplicated malaria cases handled in accordance with national guidelines was 99.4%. The mean percentage of severe malaria cases detected in peripheral care units that were referred to a hospital was 100.0%. Rapid diagnostic tests and artemisinin-based combination therapies were out of stock several times, mainly at the beginning and end of the year. No hospital was out of stock of injectable artesunate or injectable artemether. Conclusions These indicators showed good management of malaria cases in the sentinel sites. Real-time availability of data requires a good follow-up of data entry on the online platform. The management of input stocks and the promptness of data need to be improved to meet the objectives of this malaria sentinel surveillance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Thomas
- Epidemiology and Modelling in Infectious Diseases (EPIMOD), Dompierre-sur-Veyle, France
| | - Tchaa A Bakai
- Epidemiology and Modelling in Infectious Diseases (EPIMOD), Dompierre-sur-Veyle, France. .,Programme National de Lutte Contre Le Paludisme (PNLP), Lomé, Togo.
| | | | | | - Nicolas Voirin
- Epidemiology and Modelling in Infectious Diseases (EPIMOD), Dompierre-sur-Veyle, France
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IGIDBASHIAN S, BERTIZZOLO L, TOGNETTO A, AZZARI C, BONANNI P, CASTIGLIA P, CONVERSANO M, ESPOSITO S, GABUTTI G, ICARDI G, LOPALCO P, VITALE F, PARISI S, CHECCUCCI LISI G. Invasive meningococcal disease in Italy: from analysis of national data to an evidence-based vaccination strategy. J Prev Med Hyg 2020; 61:E152-E161. [PMID: 32802999 PMCID: PMC7419122 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.2.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is one of the most severe vaccine-preventable disease not yet under control. In Italy, although different anti-meningococcal vaccines are available, their offer among regions is heterogeneous. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of IMD in Italy based on analysis of national surveillance data for 2011-2017 to optimize the vaccination strategy. Methods IMD surveillance data from the Italian National Health Institute were analysed. Microsoft Excel was used to present trend analysis, stratifying by age and serogroups. Results In Italy, during the period 2011-2017, the incidence of IMD increased from 0.25 cases/100,000 inhabitants in 2011 to 0.33 cases/100,000 in 2017. Most cases after 2012 were caused by non-B serogroups. The number of cases in subjects aged 25-64 years increased steadily after 2012 (36 cases in 2011, 79 in 2017), mostly due to non-B serogroups, representing more than 65% of cases in those aged 25+ years. Conclusions In the period from 2011 to 2017, the incidence of IMDs increased in Italy. The increase, probably due also to a better surveillance, highlights the importance of the disease in the adult population and the high level of circulation of non-B serogroups in particular after 2012. Our analysis supports an anti-meningococcal vaccination plan in Italy that should include the highest number of preventable serogroups and be aimed at vaccinating a wider population through a multicohort strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. IGIDBASHIAN
- Sanofi Pasteur, Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: Sarah Igidbashian, Sanofi Pasteur Italia, viale Luigi Bodio 37/b, 20158 Milan, Italy - E-mail:
| | | | - A. TOGNETTO
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - C. AZZARI
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
- Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - P. BONANNI
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - P. CASTIGLIA
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - M. CONVERSANO
- Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority of Taranto, Italy
| | - S. ESPOSITO
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Italy
| | - G. GABUTTI
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - G. ICARDI
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS San Martino Policlinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - P.L. LOPALCO
- Department of Translational Research, New Technologies in Medicine & Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - F. VITALE
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
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Michelozzi P, de'Donato F, Scortichini M, Pezzotti P, Stafoggia M, De Sario M, Costa G, Noccioli F, Riccardo F, Bella A, Demaria M, Rossi P, Brusaferro S, Rezza G, Davoli M. Temporal dynamics in total excess mortality and COVID-19 deaths in Italian cities. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1238. [PMID: 32795276 PMCID: PMC7426899 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standardized mortality surveillance data, capable of detecting variations in total mortality at population level and not only among the infected, provide an unbiased insight into the impact of epidemics, like COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease). We analysed the temporal trend in total excess mortality and deaths among positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 by geographical area (north and centre-south), age and sex, taking into account the deficit in mortality in previous months. METHODS Data from the Italian rapid mortality surveillance system was used to quantify excess deaths during the epidemic, to estimate the mortality deficit during the previous months and to compare total excess mortality with deaths among positive cases of SARS-CoV-2. Data were stratified by geographical area (north vs centre and south), age and sex. RESULTS COVID-19 had a greater impact in northern Italian cities among subjects aged 75-84 and 85+ years. COVID-19 deaths accounted for half of total excess mortality in both areas, with differences by age: almost all excess deaths were from COVID-19 among adults, while among the elderly only one third of the excess was coded as COVID-19. When taking into account the mortality deficit in the pre-pandemic period, different trends were observed by area: all excess mortality during COVID-19 was explained by deficit mortality in the centre and south, while only a 16% overlap was estimated in northern cities, with quotas decreasing by age, from 67% in the 15-64 years old to 1% only among subjects 85+ years old. CONCLUSIONS An underestimation of COVID-19 deaths is particularly evident among the elderly. When quantifying the burden in mortality related to COVID-19, it is important to consider seasonal dynamics in mortality. Surveillance data provides an impartial indicator for monitoring the following phases of the epidemic, and may help in the evaluation of mitigation measures adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Michelozzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00147, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca de'Donato
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00147, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Scortichini
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00147, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Pezzotti
- National Health Institute, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00147, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela De Sario
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00147, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Costa
- Epidemiology Unit, ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Noccioli
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00147, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Riccardo
- National Health Institute, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Bella
- National Health Institute, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Moreno Demaria
- Epidemiology Unit, ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Pasqualino Rossi
- Health Prevention Directorate, Italian Ministry of Health, via Giorgio Ribotta, 5, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvio Brusaferro
- National Health Institute, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rezza
- National Health Institute, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Davoli
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00147, Rome, Italy
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Magassouba AS, Diallo BD, Camara LM, Sow K, Camara S, Bah B, Barry AO, Diallo TH, Camara A, Bangoura AM, Sow OY. Impact of the Ebola virus disease outbreak (2014-2016) on tuberculosis surveillance activities by Guinea's National Tuberculosis Control Program: a time series analysis. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1200. [PMID: 32753044 PMCID: PMC7405363 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most countries in Subsaharan Africa have well-established National Tuberculosis Control Programs with relatively stable routine performances. However, major epidemiological events may result in significant disruptions. In March 2014, the World Health Organization announced the outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Guinea, a country with a high incidence of TB and HIV. Our study aimed to assess the impact of the Ebola virus disease outbreak on TB notification, treatment, and surveillance, using main indicators. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study that compared TB trends using surveillance data from the periods before (2011–2013), during (2014–2016), and after (2017–2018) Ebola virus disease outbreak. A time-series analysis was conducted to investigate the linkages between the decline in TB notification and the Ebola virus disease outbreak through cross-correlation. The lag in the cross-correlation test was evaluated using ANCOVA type II delayed variable dependent model. The surveillance system was assessed using TB surveillance standards and benchmarks and vital registration systems recommended by WHO, compared with those of 2015 during the Ebola virus disease. Results The rate of reporting of TB declined from 120 cases per 100,000 in 2011 to 100 cases per 100,000 in 2014, at the peak of the Ebola virus disease outbreak. The time-series cross-correlation test of all notified cases of TB and Ebola showed a significant lag of − 0.4 (40%), reflecting a drop in the rate of notification (F-value = 5.7 [95% CI: 0.2–21.3]). The Ebola virus disease had no negative impact on patient treatment outcomes (F-value = 1.3 [95% CI: 0.0–8.8]). Regarding the surveillance system, five out of 13 WHO standards and benchmarks were met following their evaluation in 2019, after the Ebola virus disease outbreak, compared to three in 2015. Conclusion Major epidemics such as the Ebola virus disease outbreak may have a significant impact on well-established TB control programs as shown in the example of Guinea. Sudden disruptions of routine performance may lead programs to improve their surveillance system. The experience acquired in the fight against EVD and the investments made should make it possible to prepare the health system in a coherent manner for the other probable episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boubacar Djelo Diallo
- Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Pneumo-Physiology Department, University Hospital, Ignace Deen, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Lansana Mady Camara
- Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Pneumo-Physiology Department, University Hospital, Ignace Deen, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | | | | | - Alpha Oumar Barry
- Pneumo-Physiology Service, Conakry University Hospital, Ignace Deen National Hospital, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Thierno Hassane Diallo
- Pneumo-Physiology Service, Conakry University Hospital, Ignace Deen National Hospital, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Aboubacar Camara
- Pneumo-Physiology Service, Conakry University Hospital, Ignace Deen National Hospital, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | - Oumou Younoussa Sow
- Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
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Ma JQ. [National health information and its role in prevention and control of chronic diseases: framework design of person-centered and whole life recycle surveillance system for chronic diseases]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 54:378-384. [PMID: 32268645 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20191223-00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the perspective of promoting the strategic goal of healthy China, this study reviewed the informatization process of disease prevention and control in China and clarified the important role of national health information in chronic disease information surveillance throughout the life cycle. Guided by goals, needs, and problems, it is proposed that when basic personal electronic health record (EHR) are not well-established, personal electronic disease record (EDR) could be established to support business collaboration. Driven by the construction of national health informatization, this study proposed the relationship between the national health and chronic disease prevention and control coverage and described the architecture design of an integrated and restructured national disease prevention and control information system and its life-cycle monitoring and information management model for chronic disease health events.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Q Ma
- Center for Public Health Surveillance and Information Service, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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41
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Hughes SL, Morbey RA, Elliot AJ, McEwen SA, Greer AL, Young I, Papadopoulos A. Monitoring telehealth vomiting calls as a potential public health early warning system for seasonal norovirus activity in Ontario, Canada. Epidemiol Infect 2019; 147:e112. [PMID: 30869009 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268818003357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is a predominant cause of infectious gastroenteritis in countries worldwide [1-5]. It accounts for approximately 50% of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and >90% of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks [6, 7]. The incubation period ranges between 10 and 48 h and illness duration is generally 1-3 days with self-limiting symptoms; however, this duration is often longer (e.g. 4-6 days) in vulnerable populations such as hospital patients or young children [2, 8]. Symptomatic infection of norovirus presents as acute vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps and nausea, with severe vomiting and diarrhoea (non-bloody) being most common [2, 5, 9].
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Bediako-Bowan A, Owusu E, Debrah S, Kjerulf A, Newman MJ, Kurtzhals JAL, Mølbak K. Surveillance of surgical site infection in a teaching hospital in Ghana: a prospective cohort study. J Hosp Infect 2020; 104:321-327. [PMID: 31931045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance systems for surgical site infections (SSIs), as a measure of patient safety, help health institutions devise strategies to reduce or prevent them. No surveillance systems exist to monitor SSIs in Ghana. AIM To establish a system for monitoring trends and detecting outbreaks in order to create awareness of and control SSIs. METHODS An active 30-day surveillance was undertaken at the general surgical unit of the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, from July 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2018 to identify SSI. It involved a daily inpatient surveillance of patients who had had a surgical procedure, followed by post-discharge surveillance by means of a healthcare personnel-based survey and a patient-based telephone survey. We supplied quarterly feedback of results to surgeons. FINDINGS Among the 3267 patients included, 331 were identified with an SSI, a 10% incidence risk. Patients who acquired an SSI experienced increased morbidity including nine extra days in hospital and an adjusted relative mortality risk of 2.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.3 - 4.1; P=0.006) compared to patients without SSI. Forty-nine per cent (161/331) of SSIs were diagnosed post discharge using the healthcare personnel-based survey. The patient-based telephone survey contributed 12 additional cases. SSI incidence risk decreased from 12.8% to 7.5% during the study period. CONCLUSION Post-discharge surveillance is feasible using existing healthcare personnel, and the results highlight the high risk and burden of SSIs in Ghana. A surveillance system with feedback for monitoring SSIs may contribute to reducing SSIs; however, firm conclusions regarding the impact need longer observation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bediako-Bowan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Department of Surgery, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - E Owusu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - S Debrah
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - A Kjerulf
- National Centre for Infection Control, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M J Newman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - J A L Kurtzhals
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital (Righospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Mølbak
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ajewole VB, Ngujede AE, Oduguwa E, Dongarwar D, Kaur M, Knight C, Jackson M, Nguyen U, Roshan T, Simpson J, Vouffo I, Olaleye OA, Salihu HM. A Surveillance System for the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J MCH AIDS 2020; 9:350-353. [PMID: 32832200 PMCID: PMC7433297 DOI: 10.21106/ijma.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and its ensuing mitigation measures have negatively affected the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) population. There is currently no surveillance system established to enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to guide policy decision making to protect the MCH population in this pandemic. Based on reports of community and household spread of this novel infection, we present an approach to a robust family-centered surveillance system for the MCH population. The surveillance system encapsulates data at the individual and community levels to inform stakeholders, policy makers, health officials and the general public about SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics within the MCH population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica B Ajewole
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA.,Maternal and Child Health Student Training Program, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahone E Ngujede
- College of Business, Columbia Southern University, Orange Beach, AL, USA
| | - Emmanuella Oduguwa
- Center of Excellence in Health Equity, Training, and Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deepa Dongarwar
- Center of Excellence in Health Equity, Training, and Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manvir Kaur
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA.,Maternal and Child Health Student Training Program, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cecelia Knight
- Maternal and Child Health Student Training Program, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA.,College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maresha Jackson
- Maternal and Child Health Student Training Program, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA.,Jessie Jones School of Business, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Uyen Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA.,Maternal and Child Health Student Training Program, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tasha Roshan
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA.,Maternal and Child Health Student Training Program, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jordan Simpson
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA.,Maternal and Child Health Student Training Program, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Igor Vouffo
- Maternal and Child Health Student Training Program, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA.,College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Omonike A Olaleye
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA.,Maternal and Child Health Student Training Program, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hamisu M Salihu
- Maternal and Child Health Student Training Program, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence in Health Equity, Training, and Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Hu XT, Li QF, Ma C, Zhao ZX, He LF, Tang TT, Yu W, Owiti P. Reduction patterns of Japanese encephalitis incidence following vaccine introduction into long-term expanded program on immunization in Yunnan Province, China. Infect Dis Poverty 2019; 8:102. [PMID: 31818328 PMCID: PMC6902501 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-019-0608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a leading cause of childhood viral encephalitis both at global level and in China. Vaccination is recommended as a key strategy to control JE. In China most JE cases have been reported in southwest provinces, which include Yunnan. In this study, we quantify the epidemiological shift of JE in Yunnan Province from 2005 to 2017, covering before and after the introduction of JE vaccination into routine Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 2007. Methods We used routinely collected data in the case-based JE surveillance system from 2005 through 2017 in Yunnan. Cases were reported from hospital and county-level Centers for Disease Control in line with the National JE Surveillance Guideline. Epidemiological data were extracted, analysed and presented in appropriate ways. Immunization coverage was estimated from actual JE doses administered and new births for each year. Results A total 4780 JE cases (3077 laboratory-confirmed, 1266 clinical and 437 suspected) were reported in the study period. Incidence of JE (per 100 000 population) increased from 0.95 in 2005 to 1.69 in 2007. With increase in vaccination coverage, incidence rates decreased steadily from 1.16 in 2009 to 0.17 in 2017. However, seasonality remained similar across the years, peaking in June–September. Banna (bordering Myanmar and Laos), Dehong (bordering Myanmar), and Zhaotong (an inland prefecture) had the highest incidence rates of 2.3, 1.9, and 1.6, respectively. 97% of all cases were among local residents. As vaccination coverage increased (and incidence decreased), proportion of JE cases among children < 10 years old decreased from 70% in 2005 to 32% in 2017, while that among adults ≥20 years old increased from 12 to 48%. There were a large number of JE cases with unknown treatment outcomes, especially in the earlier years of the surveillance system. Conclusions The 13-year JE surveillance data in Yunnan Province showed dramatic decrease of total incidence and a shift from children to adults. Improving vaccination coverage, including access to adults at risk, and strengthening the JE surveillance system is needed to further control or eliminate JE in the province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Hu
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO.158 DongSi Street, XiShan District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qiong-Fen Li
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO.158 DongSi Street, XiShan District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhi-Xian Zhao
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO.158 DongSi Street, XiShan District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Li-Fang He
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO.158 DongSi Street, XiShan District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Tang
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO.158 DongSi Street, XiShan District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO.158 DongSi Street, XiShan District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Philip Owiti
- The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.,The National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Lung Disease Program, Nairobi, Kenya
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Jung J, Choi HR, Cho BS, Park S, Myong JP, Kang MY, Kim HJ. Establishment and operation of a cooperative program to identify work-related acute myeloid leukemia in a general hospital. Ann Occup Environ Med 2019; 31:e33. [PMID: 31915524 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this report is to introduce the occupational cancer surveillance system, implemented in June 2018, and to share the results of our cooperative program. Methods The cooperative program begins when the patient is diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Newly diagnosed AML patients are admitted to the internal medicine hematology department, then attending hematology physician requests a consultation from the occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) department. The OEM doctor next visits the hospitalized patient and interviews them to take their occupational history, and preliminarily evaluates the likelihood that the condition is associated with occupation. If the patient wants to apply for compensation through the Korea Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service, the patient was informed to visits the outpatient clinic of the OEM department and requests a ‘work-relatedness evaluation report’ for use in applying for compensation. Results Among the 103 patients, who received an OEM departmental work history evaluation, 18 patients were considered to have a work-related incidence and 12 patients were registered in the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance system. Conclusions The present report provides data on a sustainable model for identifying occupational disease in a general hospital setting, while also informing patients about their occupational rights.
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Alemu T, Gutema H, Legesse S, Nigussie T, Yenew Y, Gashe K. Evaluation of public health surveillance system performance in Dangila district, Northwest Ethiopia: a concurrent embedded mixed quantitative/qualitative facility-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1343. [PMID: 31640662 PMCID: PMC6805593 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evaluation of a surveillance system should be conducted on regular bases to ensure that the system is working as envisioned or not. Therefore, we evaluated Dangila district’s public health surveillance system performance in line with its objectives. Methods In August 2017, a concurrent embedded mixed quantitative/qualitative, facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dangila district among 12 health facilities/sites. The qualitative part involved 12 purposively selected key stakeholders interview. A semi-structured questionnaire adapted from updated CDC guideline for evaluating public health surveillance system was used for data collection through face to face interview and record review. The major qualitative findings were narrated and summarized based on thematic areas to supplement the quantitative findings. The quantitative findings were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007. Results All necessary surveillance guidelines, registers and reporting formats were distributed adequately to health facilities. Only the district health office has Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan (EPRP), but not supported by the budget required to respond in case an emergency occurred. There were no regular data analysis and interpretations in terms of time, place and person. Weekly report completeness and timeliness were 100 and 94.6% respectively. The information collected was considered relevant by its users to detect outbreaks early with high acceptability. All stakeholders agreed that the system is simple, easy to understand, representative and can accommodate modifications. Written feedbacks were not obtained in all health facilities. The supervision checklist obtained in the district was not adequate to assess surveillance activities in detail. The calculated positive predictive value for malaria was 11%. Conclusions The surveillance system was simple, useful, flexible, acceptable and representative. Report completeness and timelines were above the national and international targets. However, the overall implementation of the system in the district was not satisfactory to achieve the intended objective of surveillance for public health action due to the lack of regular data analysis and feedback dissemination. To create a well-performing surveillance system, regular supervision and epidemiologically analyzed and interpreted feedback system is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tefera Alemu
- Amhara Public Health Institute, Public Health Emergency Management Directorate, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Hordofa Gutema
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Seid Legesse
- Amhara Public Health Institute, Research and Technology Transfer Directorate, Dessie, Ethiopia.,Departement of public health, College of Health Science, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Nigussie
- Amhara Public Health Institute, Research and Technology Transfer Directorate, Dessie, Ethiopia.,Departement of public health, College of Health Science, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
| | - Yirga Yenew
- Kobo District Health Office, Kobo, Ethiopia.,The Carter Center Ethiopia Injibara Project Office, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Kindie Gashe
- Kobo District Health Office, Kobo, Ethiopia.,The Carter Center Ethiopia Injibara Project Office, Injibara, Ethiopia
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Abstract
Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of infectious, devastating and severe diseases caused by enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses. The endemicity, emergence or re-emergence of different VHF viruses and lack of vaccines and antiviral therapy for most VHFs result in a significant global threat. Most VHF viruses are restricted to specific parts of the world, and the dramatic expansion of their geographical distribution beyond their original habitats would greatly affect global public health. In the past few decades alone, several outbreaks have affected the Middle East, a part of the world containing arid to semi-arid, hot and water-scarce countries. Political instability, natural and humanitarian crises, direct contact with domesticated animals and climate change are the main factors in the dissemination of different zoonotic diseases, including vector-borne diseases. Some VHF viruses have been introduced into the Middle East (e.g. Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever) and others have been re-introduced and have become endemic in the region. Dengue fever, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever and hantavirus haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome are examples of re-emerging or endemic viruses in the region. The temporal and spatial extension of VHF distribution mandates a particular engagement from all the actors in the fields of animal, human and environmental health. The One Health concept is a multidisciplinary and multisectoral approach for promoting collaboration, coordination and communication among different nations, sectors and disciplines, which is highly relevant to the fight against endemic, emerging and re-emerging infectious agents at the human-animal-environment interface. The adoption of the One Health approach is a promising solution to addressing public health threats in the Middle East.
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Lourenço C, Tatem AJ, Atkinson PM, Cohen JM, Pindolia D, Bhavnani D, Le Menach A. Strengthening surveillance systems for malaria elimination: a global landscaping of system performance, 2015-2017. Malar J 2019; 18:315. [PMID: 31533740 PMCID: PMC6751607 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance is a core component of an effective system to support malaria elimination. Poor surveillance data will prevent countries from monitoring progress towards elimination and targeting interventions to the last remaining at-risk places. An evaluation of the performance of surveillance systems in 16 countries was conducted to identify key gaps which could be addressed to build effective systems for malaria elimination. METHODS A standardized surveillance system landscaping was conducted between 2015 and 2017 in collaboration with governmental malaria programmes. Malaria surveillance guidelines from the World Health Organization and other technical bodies were used to identify the characteristics of an optimal surveillance system, against which systems of study countries were compared. Data collection was conducted through review of existing material and datasets, and interviews with key stakeholders, and the outcomes were summarized descriptively. Additionally, the cumulative fraction of incident infections reported through surveillance systems was estimated using surveillance data, government records, survey data, and other scientific sources. RESULTS The landscaping identified common gaps across countries related to the lack of surveillance coverage in remote communities or in the private sector, the lack of adequate health information architecture to capture high quality case-based data, poor integration of data from other sources such as intervention information, poor visualization of generated information, and its lack of availability for making programmatic decisions. The median percentage of symptomatic cases captured by the surveillance systems in the 16 countries was estimated to be 37%, mostly driven by the lack of treatment-seeking in the public health sector (64%) or, in countries with large private sectors, the lack of integration of this sector within the surveillance system. CONCLUSIONS The landscaping analysis undertaken provides a clear framework through which to identify multiple gaps in current malaria surveillance systems. While perfect systems are not required to eliminate malaria, closing the gaps identified will allow countries to deploy resources more efficiently, track progress, and accelerate towards malaria elimination. Since the landscaping undertaken here, several countries have addressed some of the identified gaps by improving coverage of surveillance, integrating case data with other information, and strengthening visualization and use of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lourenço
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, CHAI, 383 Dorchester Ave, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02127, USA. .,WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Andrew J Tatem
- WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter M Atkinson
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Justin M Cohen
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, CHAI, 383 Dorchester Ave, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02127, USA
| | - Deepa Pindolia
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, CHAI, 383 Dorchester Ave, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02127, USA
| | - Darlene Bhavnani
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, CHAI, 383 Dorchester Ave, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02127, USA
| | - Arnaud Le Menach
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, CHAI, 383 Dorchester Ave, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02127, USA
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Oeser C, Aarons E, Heath P, Johnson K, Khalil A, Knight M, Lynn RM, Morgan D, Pebody R. Surveillance of congenital Zika syndrome in England and Wales: methods and results of laboratory, obstetric and paediatric surveillance. Epidemiol Infect 2019; 147:e262. [PMID: 31481135 PMCID: PMC6805733 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268819001535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas led to large outbreaks across the region and most of the Southern hemisphere. Of greatest concern were complications following acute infection during pregnancy. At the beginning of the outbreak, the risk to unborn babies and their clinical presentation was unclear. This report describes the methods and results of the UK surveillance response to assess the risk of ZIKV to children born to returning travellers. Established surveillance systems operating within the UK - the paediatric and obstetric surveillance units for rare diseases, and national laboratory monitoring - enabled rapid assessment of this emerging public health threat. A combined total of 11 women experiencing adverse pregnancy outcomes after possible ZIKV exposure were reported by the three surveillance systems; five miscarriages, two intrauterine deaths and four children with clinical presentations potentially associated with ZIKV infection. Sixteen women were diagnosed with ZIKV during pregnancy in the UK. Amongst the offspring of these women, there was unequivocal laboratory evidence of infection in only one child. In the UK, the number and risk of congenital ZIKV infection for travellers returning from ZIKV-affected countries is very small.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Oeser
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - E. Aarons
- Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory, Public Health England, Porton, Salisbury, UK
| | - P.T. Heath
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - K. Johnson
- Neonatal Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - A. Khalil
- Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - M Knight
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R. M. Lynn
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - D. Morgan
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - R. Pebody
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
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Dong SB, Jiang H, Wang LP. [Progress in research and practice of brucellosis surveillance in China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:870-4. [PMID: 31357814 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the reported incidence of brucellosis continued to rise and the epidemic spread kept, which has become an important public health problem in China. Continuous improvement of the surveillance system is important for effective control and prevention of brucellosis. This article systematically summarizes the construction and development of the brucellosis surveillance system, analyzes the main characteristics of the current brucellosis surveillance system and evaluates the surveillance system in China, and it also put forward suggestions for the further improvement of the surveillance system to meet the new requirement for brucellosis surveillance, control and prevention.
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