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Ko TH, Jeong D, Yu B, Song JE, Le QA, Woo SH, Choi JI. Inhibition of late sodium current via PI3K/Akt signaling prevents cellular remodeling in tachypacing-induced HL-1 atrial myocytes. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:217-231. [PMID: 36274100 PMCID: PMC9849166 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An aberrant late sodium current (INa,Late) caused by a mutation in the cardiac sodium channel (Nav1.5) has emerged as a contributor to electrical remodeling that causes susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF). Although downregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling is associated with AF, the molecular mechanisms underlying the negative regulation of INa,Late in AF remain unclear, and potential therapeutic approaches are needed. In this work, we constructed a tachypacing-induced cellular model of AF by exposing HL-1 myocytes to rapid electrical stimulation (1.5 V/cm, 4 ms, 10 Hz) for 6 h. Then, we gathered data using confocal Ca2+ imaging, immunofluorescence, patch-clamp recordings, and immunoblots. The tachypacing cells displayed irregular Ca2+ release, delayed afterdepolarization, prolonged action potential duration, and reduced PI3K/Akt signaling compared with controls. Those detrimental effects were related to increased INa,Late and were significantly mediated by treatment with the INa,Late blocker ranolazine. Furthermore, decreased PI3K/Akt signaling via PI3K inhibition increased INa,Late and subsequent aberrant myocyte excitability, which were abolished by INa,Late inhibition, suggesting that PI3K/Akt signaling is responsible for regulating pathogenic INa,Late. These results indicate that PI3K/Akt signaling is critical for regulating INa,Late and electrical remodeling, supporting the use of PI3K/Akt-mediated INa,Late as a therapeutic target for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hee Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Centre, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea ,Ion Channel Research Unit, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daun Jeong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Centre, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongil Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Centre, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Centre, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Qui Anh Le
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Woo
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Centre, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea ,Ion Channel Research Unit, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Freudenberger T, Kranz B, Lehmann W, Schäfer K, Münter K, Lee K, Ellinor PT, Hucker WJ. Identification of two preclinical canine models of atrial fibrillation to facilitate drug discovery. Heart Rhythm 2020; 18:632-640. [PMID: 33346136 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia occurring in humans, and new treatment strategies are critically needed. The lack of reliable preclinical animal models of AF is a major limitation to drug development of novel antiarrhythmic compounds. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive head-to-head assessment of 5 canine AF models. METHODS Five canine models were evaluated for the efficacy of AF induction and AF duration. We tested 2 acute models: short-term atrial tachypacing (AT) for 6 hours with analysis of AF at hourly increments, and carbachol injection into a cardiac fat pad followed by short-term AT. We also tested 3 chronic models: pacemaker implantation followed by either 4 weeks of AT and subsequent atrial burst pacing or intermittent long-term AT for up to 4-5 months to generate AF ≥4.5 hours, and finally ventricular tachypacing to induce heart failure followed by atrial burst pacing to induce AF. RESULTS Careful evaluation showed that acute AT, AT for 4 weeks, and the heart failure model all were unsuccessful in generating reproducible AF episodes of sufficient duration to study antiarrhythmic drugs. In contrast, intermittent long-term AT generated AF lasting ≥4.5 hours in ∼30% of animals. The acute model using carbachol and short-term AT resulted in AF induction of ≥15 minutes in ≥75% of animals, thus enabling testing of antiarrhythmic drugs. CONCLUSION Intermittent long-term AT and the combination of local carbachol injection with successive short-term AT may contribute to future drug development efforts for AF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Freudenberger
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Beate Kranz
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Waldemar Lehmann
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Katja Schäfer
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Klaus Münter
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Kichang Lee
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service & Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service & Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - William J Hucker
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service & Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Lemme M, Braren I, Prondzynski M, Aksehirlioglu B, Ulmer BM, Schulze ML, Ismaili D, Meyer C, Hansen A, Christ T, Lemoine MD, Eschenhagen T. Chronic intermittent tachypacing by an optogenetic approach induces arrhythmia vulnerability in human engineered heart tissue. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1487-1499. [PMID: 31598634 PMCID: PMC7314638 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic tachypacing is commonly used in animals to induce cardiac dysfunction and to study mechanisms of heart failure and arrhythmogenesis. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) may replace animal models to overcome species differences and ethical problems. Here, 3D engineered heart tissue (EHT) was used to investigate the effect of chronic tachypacing on hiPSC-cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). METHODS AND RESULTS To avoid cell toxicity by electrical pacing, we developed an optogenetic approach. EHTs were transduced with lentivirus expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (H134R) and stimulated by 15 s bursts of blue light pulses (0.3 mW/mm2, 30 ms, 3 Hz) separated by 15 s without pacing for 3 weeks. Chronic optical tachypacing did not affect contractile peak force, but induced faster contraction kinetics, shorter action potentials, and shorter effective refractory periods. This electrical remodelling increased vulnerability to tachycardia episodes upon electrical burst pacing. Lower calsequestrin 2 protein levels, faster diastolic depolarization (DD) and efficacy of JTV-519 (46% at 1 µmol/L) to terminate tachycardia indicate alterations of Ca2+ handling being part of the underlying mechanism. However, other antiarrhythmic compounds like flecainide (69% at 1 µmol/L) and E-4031 (100% at 1 µmol/L) were also effective, but not ivabradine (1 µmol/L) or SEA0400 (10 µmol/L). CONCLUSION We demonstrated a high vulnerability to tachycardia of optically tachypaced hiPSC-CMs in EHT and the effective termination by ryanodine receptor stabilization, sodium or hERG potassium channel inhibition. This new model might serve as a preclinical tool to test antiarrhythmic drugs increasing the insight in treating ventricular tachycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lemme
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingke Braren
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maksymilian Prondzynski
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Bülent Aksehirlioglu
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bärbel M Ulmer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mirja L Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Djemail Ismaili
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Meyer
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc D Lemoine
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Lugenbiel P, Govorov K, Rahm AK, Wieder T, Gramlich D, Syren P, Weiberg N, Seyler C, Katus HA, Thomas D. Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases Induces K+ Channel Remodeling and Action Potential Prolongation in HL-1 Atrial Cardiomyocytes. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 49:65-77. [PMID: 30134221 DOI: 10.1159/000492840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Cardiac arrhythmias are triggered by environmental stimuli that may modulate expression of cardiac ion channels. Underlying epigenetic regulation of cardiac electrophysiology remains incompletely understood. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) control gene expression and cardiac integrity. We hypothesized that class I/II HDACs transcriptionally regulate ion channel expression and determine action potential duration (APD) in cardiac myocytes. METHODS Global class I/II HDAC inhibition was achieved by administration of trichostatin A (TSA). HDAC-mediated effects on K+ channel expression and electrophysiological function were evaluated in murine atrial cardiomyocytes (HL-1 cells) using real-time PCR, Western blot, and patch clamp analyses. Electrical tachypacing was employed to recapitulate arrhythmia-related effects on ion channel remodeling in the absence and presence of HDAC inhibition. RESULTS Global HDAC inhibition increased histone acetylation and prolonged APD90 in atrial cardiomyocytes compared to untreated control cells. Transcript levels of voltage-gated or inwardly rectifying K+ channels Kcnq1, Kcnj3 and Kcnj5 were significantly reduced, whereas Kcnk2, Kcnj2 and Kcnd3 mRNAs were upregulated. Ion channel remodeling was similarly observed at protein level. Short-term tachypacing did not induce significant transcriptional K+ channel remodeling. CONCLUSION The present findings link class I/II HDAC activity to regulation of ion channel expression and action potential duration in atrial cardiomyocytes. Clinical implications for HDAC-based antiarrhythmic therapy and cardiac safety of HDAC inhibitors require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lugenbiel
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Govorov
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Rahm
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Wieder
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Gramlich
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Syren
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Weiberg
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Seyler
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Shorofsky M, Maguy A, Nattel S. Consequences of Atrial or Ventricular Tachypacing on the Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) level of Expression and Phosphorylation. Mcgill J Med 2009; 12:34. [PMID: 21264054 PMCID: PMC2997257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncontrolled atrial fibrillation (AF) results in complex changes in the cardiomyocyte electrical and contractile functioning that promote atrial remodeling and the continuation of AF. Recently there has been a growing interest in understanding the role of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which are cytoprotective molecular chaperones, in the pathophysiology of AF. Several groups have examined HSP expression in patients with AF but have yielded mixed results. To allow for better consistency and reproducibility between subjects, we utilized canine models to reproduce AFpromoting conditions to better investigate the role of HSPs in the pathophysiology of AF. METHODS AF promoting conditions were simulated in canine models with fifteen adult mongrel dogs (20.6 to 36.0 kg) divided into three groups: (1) Control (n=5), (2) two week ventricular tachypacing (VTP) induced congestive heart failure (CHF) (n=5), and (3) one week atrial tachypacying (ATP) (n=5). Quick frozen right atrial free wall tissue samples were used for protein isolation and were analyzed via Western blotting with data was expressed as a relative ratio and were analyzed using a two-tailed, unpaired ttest and significance was set at p < 0.05. The expression levels of HSP 90, 70, and 25 were studied along with the phosphorylation status of HSP27 at serine-78. RESULTS We first examined the effects of the ATP and CHF heart models on the expression of a select group of HSPs via Western Blot. We found that there was no significant difference in levels of expression of HSP 90, 70, or 25 when either ATP or CHF models were compared to control canines. The phosphorylation status of HSP27 was significantly decreased in the CHF canine model when compared to control (p < 0.0111) and it tended towards a decrease in the ATP canine model when compared to control (p=0.0923). CONCLUSION This study showed that even though the expression levels of HSPs may remain constant, there are protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events that occur in AF that may have important consequences in its pathophysiology. It is therefore necessary to investigate the full scale of HSP modifications during AF and AF-promoting conditions.
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