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Kato M, Sato K, Habuta M, Fujita H, Bando T, Morizane Y, Shiraga F, Miyaishi S, Ohuchi H. Localization of the ultraviolet-sensor Opn5m and its effect on myopia-related gene expression in the late-embryonic chick eye. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 19:100665. [PMID: 31463372 PMCID: PMC6709407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light suppresses ocular elongation, which causes myopia development. However, the specific mechanisms of this process have not been elucidated. A UV-sensor, Opsin 5 (Opn5) mRNA was shown to be present in extraretinal tissues. To test the possibility that UV-signals mediated by Opn5 would have a direct effect on the outer connective tissues of the eye, we first examined the expression patterns of a mammalian type Opn5 (Opn5m) in the late-embryonic chicken eye. Quantitative PCR showed Opn5m mRNA expression in the cornea and sclera. The anti-Opn5m antibody stained a small subset of cells in the corneal stroma and fibrous sclera. We next assessed the effect of UV-A (375 nm) irradiation on the chicken fibroblast cell line DF-1 overexpressing chicken Opn5m. UV-A irradiation for 30 min significantly increased the expression of Early growth response 1 (Egr1), known as an immediate early responsive gene, and of Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (Mmp2) in the presence of retinal chromophore 11-cis-retinal. In contrast, expression of Transforming growth factor beta 2 and Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 was not significantly altered. These results indicate that UV-A absorption by Opn5m can upregulate the expression levels of Egr1 and Mmp2 in non-neuronal, fibroblasts. Taken together with the presence of Opn5m in the cornea and sclera, it is suggested that UV-A signaling mediated by Opn5 in the extraretinal ocular tissues could influence directly the outer connective tissues of the chicken late-embryonic eye. Opsin 5 (Opn5) is a non-visual ultraviolet-A (UV-A) absorbing photopigment. We found an Opn5 (Opn5m) is present in cornea and sclera of late-embryonic chick. UV-A absorption by Opn5m upregulated Egr1 and Mmp2 expression in chick fibroblasts. UV-A signaling via Opn5m may have a direct effect on the ocular fibroblasts.
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Key Words
- Chicken
- Egr1
- Egr1, Early growth response 1
- Fibroblasts
- Gapdh, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- MAP kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- Mmp2
- Mmp2, Matrix metalloproteinase 2
- Opn5, Opsin 5
- Opn5m, mammalian type Opn5
- Opsin 5
- Tgfb2, Transforming growth factor beta 2
- Timp2, Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2
- UV, ultraviolet
- UV-A, ultraviolet-A
- UV-Absorbing pigment
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuko Kato
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Keita Sato
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Munenori Habuta
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Fujita
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Bando
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuki Morizane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Fumio Shiraga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyaishi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hideyo Ohuchi
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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