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Balakrishnan N, Beaini H, Carter S, Araj FG. Bedside popliteal vein cannulation for simultaneous plasmapheresis and renal replacement therapy in the prone position. J Invasive Cardiol 2024. [PMID: 38422530 DOI: 10.25270/jic/24.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Balakrishnan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; USA
| | - Hadi Beaini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Spencer Carter
- University of Utah, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Faris G Araj
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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Enumah ZO, Etchill EW, Kim BS, Giuliano KA, Kalra A, Cho SM, Whitman GJR, Ha JS, Choi CW, Higgins RSD, Bush EL. Racial disparities among patients on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the pre-Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Coronavirus Disease 2019 eras: A retrospective registry review. JTCVS Open 2024; 17:162-171. [PMID: 38420563 PMCID: PMC10897667 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Although many studies have addressed such disparities caused by COVID-19, to our knowledge, no study has focused on the association of race on outcomes for patients with COVID-19 requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. The goal of this study was to assess association of race on death and duration on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in both the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 eras. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry and included adults (≥18 years) who required venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation between January 2019 and April 2021. We performed descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression. Our primary outcomes were death and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation duration. Results A total of 7477 patients were included after excluding 340 patients (4.3%) who were missing race data. In the COVID-19 era, 1474 of 2777 COVID-19-positive patients (53.1%) died. Our regression model suggested somewhat of a protective effect on death for Black and multiple race patients. Additionally, a diagnosis of COVID-19 and patients in the COVID-19 era in general, irrespective of COVID-19 diagnosis, had higher odds of death. Hispanic patients had the longest average venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation run times. Conclusions Our study using data from the international Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry provides updated data on patients supported with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 eras between 2019 and 2021 with a focus on race. Patients in the COVID-19 era group also had higher mortality compared with those in the pre-COVID-19 era even after being adjusted for COVID-19 diagnosis. Black and multiple races appeared somewhat protective in terms of death. Hispanic race was associated with longer venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric W Etchill
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md
| | - Bo Soo Kim
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md
| | | | - Andrew Kalra
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Sung-Min Cho
- Neurocritical Care, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md
| | | | - Jinny S Ha
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md
| | - Chun Woo Choi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md
| | | | - Errol L Bush
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md
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Li K, Wen L, Zhou H, Zhou Z. Massive hemoptysis in pregnancy treated by ECMO combined with electronic bronchoscopy: A case report. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23702. [PMID: 38187217 PMCID: PMC10767203 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Massive hemoptysis during pregnancy is very rare. Dieulafoy's disease is one of the causes of massive hemoptysis. There are few reports of ECMO use to treat massive hemoptysis during pregnancy. Findings We report for the first time a patient with Dieulafoy's disease diagnosed at 29 weeks of pregnancy. The patient's hemoptysis occurred rapidly with large volumes. The bleeding amount reached 500 ml within half an hour, with the development of asphyxia and respiratory and cardiac arrest due to a blood clot blocking the airway. After successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the ventilator could not maintain effective ventilation. Emergency establishment of VV-ECMO was performed to maintain oxygen, and hemostasis was successfully achieved by performing bronchial artery embolization twice. We successfully cleaned blood clots in the airway four times by freezing and using a foreign body retrieval basket with an electronic bronchoscope. At the same time, small and smooth nodular lesions were found under bronchoscopy, and blood vessels with a diameter of 1.5 mm were found under Doppler mode with an ultrasonic bronchoscope, which was consistent with a diagnosis of Dieulafoy's disease. VV-ECMO was successfully stopped on the 3rd day of the disease course, tracheal intubation was successfully removed on the 5th day of the disease course, and the patient was discharged with no complications on the 16th day of the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changsha Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Long Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changsha Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changsha Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changsha Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ng WWS, Wong MKH. An atypical airway cast. Interdiscip Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2024; 38:ivad206. [PMID: 38096584 PMCID: PMC10796174 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivad206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
A 60-year-old man intubated for airway protection after smoke inhalation was found to have decompensated hypercapnic respiratory failure. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed obstructive airway slough and pseudomembrane, a manifestation of severe inhalation injury. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was established for stabilization. The airway casts were removed successfully with periprocedural veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wincy Wing-Sze Ng
- Adult Intensive Care Unit, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Max Kwun-Hung Wong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Haq SH, Shah SR, Golzarian H, Laird A, Cole W, Patel SM. A Novel Percutaneous Snare-Assisted Manipulation and Repositioning of a ProtekDuo Cannula in a COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2024; 210:113-115. [PMID: 37944412 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [VV-ECMO] has gained increasing notoriety during the COVID-19 pandemic as a salvation therapy for fulminant respiratory failure. Various configurations can present unique challenges in management. For instance, the ProtekDuo cannula is a 29Fr to 31Fr dual-lumen cannula inserted by way of the right internal jugular vein that allows for right atrium to pulmonary artery bypass with an attached oxygenator, essentially resulting in VV-ECMO. Understanding that these different configurations inevitably dictate the types of complications that can arise during the circuit implantation and management is imperative. However, in a hemodynamically unstable patient, time or resources may not permit standard maneuvers for management. In conclusion, we present an innovative, percutaneous approach which allowed the restoration of flow and oxygenation in a decompensating ProtekDuo patient without having to explant/disconnect the circuit or implant a new VV-ECMO circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed H Haq
- Department of Internal Medicine, BonSecour Mercy Health-St. Rita's Medical Center, Lima, Ohio
| | - Sidra R Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, BonSecour Mercy Health-St. Rita's Medical Center, Lima, Ohio
| | - Hafez Golzarian
- Department of Internal Medicine, BonSecour Mercy Health-St. Rita's Medical Center, Lima, Ohio
| | - Amanda Laird
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, BonSecour Mercy Health-St. Rita's Medical Center, Lima, Ohio
| | - William Cole
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, BonSecour Mercy Health-St. Rita's Medical Center, Lima, Ohio
| | - Sandeep M Patel
- Structural Heart & Intervention Center, BonSecour Mercy Health-St. Rita's Medical Center, Lima, Ohio.
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6
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Montero-Cabezas JM, Janson JA, Al Amri I, Elzo Kraemer CV. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation in prone position. J Invasive Cardiol 2024; 36. [PMID: 38224298 DOI: 10.25270/jic/23.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A 54-year-old woman was referred for veno-venous extracorporeal oxygenation membrane (VV-ECMO) due to refractory hypoxic respiratory failure caused by COVID-19, despite mechanical ventilation and prolonged prone positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Montero-Cabezas
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen A Janson
- Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ibtihal Al Amri
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Carlos V Elzo Kraemer
- Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Gu Y, Bjelic M, Panda K, Usman AA, Magnuson R, Gosev I. Cannula-Associated Deep Vein Thrombosis After Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients with and Without Systemic Anticoagulation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2024; 38:230-236. [PMID: 37827919 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify and compare the rates of cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis (CaDVT) in patients on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) who receive systemic anticoagulation (AC) and those who do not receive AC. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTING Tertiary academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS Consecutive patients who successfully have been decannulated from VV-ECMO for treatment of refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome between 2017 and 2022. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS After decannulation of ECMO, a duplex sonograph was performed on the cannulation sites to determine the incidence and characteristics of cannula-related thrombosis. Thrombosis was classified as occlusive or nearly occlusive. Ninety-four of 161 patients were weaned from VV-ECMO. Nineteen patients who were placed on VV-ECMO due to COVID-19 were excluded. Twenty-seven of 52 patients (52%) who did not receive AC were identified to have thrombus. Twelve of 23 patients (52%) who received AC were identified to have thrombus. Patients who received AC required more blood products during the ECMO run and required longer support on VV-ECMO. CONCLUSION This study showed a high incidence of cannula-related venous thrombosis after VV-ECMO decannulation. Surprisingly, the incidence of CaDVT in anticoagulation-free patients was the same as in patients requiring anticoagulation. Anticoagulated patients required longer support on VV-ECMO and required more transfusions. Routine post-decannulation screening for DVT is recommended due to the high incidence of CaDVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, MN.
| | - Milica Bjelic
- Department of Anesthesiology, St Elizabeth Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Kunal Panda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, MN
| | - Asad Ali Usman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ryan Magnuson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Igor Gosev
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
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Sigala MI, Dreucean D, Harris JE, Donahue KR, Bostan F, Voore P, Cuevas J, Morton C. Comparison of Sedation and Analgesia Requirements in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Versus Non-SARS-CoV-2 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome on Veno-Venous ECMO. Ann Pharmacother 2023; 57:1005-1015. [PMID: 36639872 PMCID: PMC9841200 DOI: 10.1177/10600280221147695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased analgosedation requirements have been described in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support due to unique pharmacokinetic challenges. There is a paucity of data comparing sedation requirements in patients on ECMO for ARDS secondary to SARS-CoV-2 versus other etiologies of respiratory failure. OBJECTIVE To compare sedation and analgesia requirements in adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 versus non-SARS-CoV-2 ARDS requiring veno-venous (VV) ECMO support. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients receiving sedation and analgesia on VV-ECMO support. Patients were excluded if cannulated at an outside hospital for greater than 24 hours, expired within 48 hours of ECMO cannulation, or received neuromuscular blocking agents for greater than 7 consecutive days following ECMO cannulation. RESULTS We evaluated 108 patients on VV-ECMO support, including 44 with non-SARS-CoV-2 ARDS and 64 with SARS-CoV-2 ARDS. The median daily dexmedetomidine requirements were significantly higher in the SARS-CoV-2 cohort (16.7 vs 13.4 mcg/kg/day, P = 0.03), while the median propofol daily requirements were significantly higher in the non-SARS-CoV-2 cohort (40.3 vs 53.5 mg/kg/day, P < 0.01). There was no difference in daily requirements of opioids, benzodiazepines, and ketamine between groups. Use of adjunct agents to facilitate weaning was significantly higher in the SARS-CoV-2 cohort (78.1% vs 43.2%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Patients with ARDS on VV-ECMO support require multiple analgosedative agents with concomitant use of nonparenteral adjunct agents. Further studies are needed to evaluate optimal analgosedation strategies in patients on ECMO support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah I. Sigala
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston
Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diane Dreucean
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston
Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jesse E. Harris
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston
Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin R. Donahue
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston
Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fariedeh Bostan
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston
Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prakruthi Voore
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston
Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jose Cuevas
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston
Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Celia Morton
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston
Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Tamargo IA, Creel-Bulos C, Callahan MC, Miller C, Dave SB, Parrilla GA, Chan JL, Daneshmand MA, Javidfar J. Early Tracheostomy May Be Performed Safely in Obese COVID-19 Patients Supported on VV-ECMO. Innovations (Phila) 2023; 18:472-478. [PMID: 37864489 DOI: 10.1177/15569845231200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obese patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated acute respiratory failure (ARDS) often require prolonged intubation. However, data are sparse regarding optimal tracheostomy timing in obese adults with COVID-19 requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). This study retrospectively describes the course of obese patients with COVID-19 who underwent tracheostomy on VV-ECMO between March 2020 and December 2022. METHODS There were 62 participants with a median age of 43 (interquartile range [IQR] 33 to 53) years and a median body mass index of 42 (IQR 34 to 50) kg/m2 who received VV-ECMO for COVID-19-associated ARDS. Of those, 42 underwent tracheostomy on VV-ECMO, and 50% (n = 21) of the 42 patients underwent early (within 14 days of initiated ventilatory support) tracheostomy. RESULTS Among patients who received tracheostomies, the combined respiratory tract and lung parenchymal bleeding rate was 29% (n = 12), but only 7% required surgical intervention for bleeding from the tracheostomy site (n = 3). The hospital length of stay (LOS) was 42 (IQR 36 to 57) days, and mortality rate was 38% (n = 16). Tracheostomy timing was not associated with differences in respiratory tract bleeding, mechanical ventilatory support duration, VV-ECMO support duration, intensive care unit LOS, hospital LOS, mortality, or survival probability. CONCLUSIONS Although an individualized and holistic approach to clinical decision making continues to be necessary, the findings of this study suggest that early tracheostomy may be performed safely in obese patients with COVID-19 on VV-ECMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Tamargo
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Casey Miller
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sagar B Dave
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gustavo A Parrilla
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshua L Chan
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mani A Daneshmand
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Javidfar
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Skidmore KL, Rajabi A, Nguyen A, Imani F, Kaye AD. Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Anesthetic Considerations in Clinical Practice. Anesth Pain Med 2023; 13:e136524. [PMID: 38021335 PMCID: PMC10664155 DOI: 10.5812/aapm-136524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Context After the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple reviews have documented the success of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). Patients who experience hypoxemia but have normal contractility may be switched to veno-venous-ECMO (VV-ECMO). Purpose In this review, we present three protocols for anesthesiologists. Firstly, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) aids in cannulation and weaning off inotropes and fluids. Our main objective is to assist in patient selection for the Avalon Elite single catheter, which is inserted into the right internal jugular vein and terminates in the right atrium. Secondly, we propose appropriate anticoagulant doses. We outline day-to-day monitoring protocols to prevent heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) or resistance. Once the effects of neuromuscular paralysis subside, sedation should be reduced. Therefore, we describe techniques that may prevent delirium from progressing into permanent cognitive decline. Methods We conducted a PubMed search using the keywords VV-ECMO, TEE, Avalon Elite (Maquet, Germany), and quetiapine. We combined these findings with interviews conducted with nurses and anesthesiologists from two academic ECMO centers, focusing on anticoagulation and sedation. Results Our qualitative evidence synthesis reveals how TEE confirms cannulation while avoiding right atrial rupture or low flows. Additionally, we discovered that typically, after initial heparinization, activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is drawn every 1 to 2 hours or every 6 to 8 hours once stable. Daily thromboelastograms, along with platelet counts and antithrombin III levels, may detect HIT or resistance, respectively. These side effects can be prevented by discontinuing heparin on day two and initiating argatroban at a dose of 1 μg/kg/min while maintaining PTT between 61 - 80 seconds. The argatroban dose is adjusted by 10 - 20% if PTT is between 40 - 60 or 80 - 90 seconds. Perfusionists assist in establishing protocols following manufacturer guidelines. Lastly, we describe the replacement of narcotics and benzodiazepines with dexmedetomidine at a dose of 0.5 to 1 μg/kg/hour, limited by bradycardia, and the use of quetiapine starting at 25 mg per day and gradually increasing up to 200 mg twice a day, limited by prolonged QT interval. Conclusions The limitation of this review is that it necessarily covers a broad range of ECMO decisions faced by an anesthesiologist. However, its main advantage lies in the identification of straightforward argatroban protocols through interviews, as well as the discovery, via PubMed, of the usefulness of TEE in determining cannula position and contractility estimates for transitioning from VA-ECMO to VV-ECMO. Additionally, we emphasize the benefits in terms of morbidity and mortality of a seldom-discussed sedation supplement, quetiapine, to dexmedetomidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L. Skidmore
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, USA
| | - Alireza Rajabi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Angela Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, USA
| | - Farnad Imani
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alan D. Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, USA
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Dhanani J, Pincus J, Townsend S, Pang G, Vujcich E, Windsor M, Reade MC. Delayed tracheoesophageal fistula and refractory respiratory failure caused by inhalation burns and emergency venovenous ECMO to facilitate its management: a case report. J Burn Care Res 2023; 44:734-739. [PMID: 36941770 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Acquired tracheoesophageal fistulae are uncommon in burn patients but can occur as a complication of inhalation injury. We report a case of a 30-year-old male patient presenting after suffering from inhalation and 25% total body surface area burns. On post burns day 14 he developed a massive tracheoesophageal fistula causing refractory acute respiratory failure. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane (VV ECMO) oxygenation was initiated without systemic anticoagulation via bi-femoral cannulation under transthoracic echocardiography guidance. He underwent successful 5-hour apnoeic ventilation-assisted surgical repair of the fistula via a right posterolateral thoracotomy. ECMO was discontinued after 36 hours, and he was discharged to the ward after 33 days in the intensive care unit. Inhalation burn injury can cause a delayed life-threatening tracheoesophageal fistula. Surgical repair can be successfully performed for this condition. VV- ECMO can be used to facilitate prolonged apnoeic surgery and to manage refractory respiratory failure due to this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Dhanani
- University of Queensland Centre of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Nursing, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Pincus
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Shane Townsend
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - George Pang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Vujcich
- Professor Stuart Pegg Adult Burns Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Morgan Windsor
- Department of Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael C Reade
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia
- Joint Health Command, Australian Defence Force, Canberra, Australia
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12
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Stadlen R, Singhal AK, Reed RM, Hasday JD, Bates ML, Schmidt GA, Eberlein M. Management of two circulations in a COVID-19 patient with secondary superinfection. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15602. [PMID: 36802120 PMCID: PMC9937791 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal oxygenation in the intensive care unit requires adequate pulmonary gas exchange, oxygen-carrying capacity in the form of hemoglobin, sufficient delivery of oxygenated hemoglobin to the tissue, and an appropriate tissue oxygen demand. In this Case Study in Physiology, we describe a patient with COVID-19 whose pulmonary gas exchange and oxygen delivery were severely compromised by COVID-19 pneumonia requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. His clinical course was complicated by a secondary superinfection with staphylococcus aureus and sepsis. This case study is provided with two goals in mind (1) We outline how basic physiology was used to address life-threatening consequences of a novel infection-COVID-19. (2) We describe a strategy of whole-body cooling to lower the cardiac output and oxygen consumption, use of the shunt equation to optimize flow to the ECMO circuit, and transfusion to improve oxygen-carrying capacity when ECMO alone failed to provide sufficient oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Stadlen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Arun K. Singhal
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Robert M. Reed
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jeffrey D. Hasday
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Melissa L. Bates
- Department of Health and Human PhysiologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA,Department of PediatricsUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA,Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Gregory A. Schmidt
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Michael Eberlein
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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13
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Ndubisi N, van Berkel V. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the treatment of respiratory compromise. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 39:1-7. [PMID: 36778720 PMCID: PMC9905006 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-022-01467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the purpose of intervening upon profound cardiovascular or pulmonary compromise has proven to be a worthy intervention. Technological advancements have allowed this mode of therapy to become more effective and widespread. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is a commonly used strategy to help manage patients with pulmonary dysfunction refractory to traditional management methods. This review intends to focus upon common indications and the clinical considerations for the institution of VV-ECMO as well as some of its known complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnaemeka Ndubisi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 201 Abraham Flexnor Way, Suite 1200, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Victor van Berkel
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 201 Abraham Flexnor Way, Suite 1200, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
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14
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Sarridou DG, Boutou AK, Konstantinidou M, Cox F, Argiriadou H, Walker CP. Chronic pain treatment with pregabalin in end stage respiratory failure patients awaiting lung transplantation on ambulatory veno-venous extra corporeal membrane oxygenator support; a series of nine cases. Hippokratia 2023; 27:22-24. [PMID: 38533227 PMCID: PMC10908312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Background End-stage respiratory failure is non-treatable with mechanical ventilation and can be treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenators (VV-ECMO). It can also be used as a bridge to lung transplantation or recovery of lung function. This patient group can suffer from chronic pain, which is further exacerbated by painful procedures required as part of treatment. Pregabalin is licensed for chronic neuropathic pain and generalized anxiety disorder. Thus far, it has not been tried in routine analgesia protocols for pain relief of patients on VV-ECMO. Case Series We included nine patients aged 17-54 years on VV-ECMO awaiting lung transplantation. Exclusion criteria were acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. All patients had morphine patient-control analgesia. In addition, pregabalin 50 mg twice daily was initiated in all patients with dose escalation as required. Pain scores and quality of sleep were evaluated daily. All patients experienced significant pain relief, demonstrated by reduced pain scores after treatment commencement. The mean visual analogue scale score was reduced significantly from 6 ± 2 to 3 ± 1. A significant increase in good-quality sleep duration was recorded from 5 ± 1.7 hours per day before to 8 ± 2.1 hours per day after pregabalin treatment. All patients except for two reported reduced anxiety levels of at least 2 ± 1 scale improvement (p <0.05). Conclusions Pregabalin is an efficient analgesic with accompanying anxiolytic effects in this group of patients with unique characteristics such as high analgesia requirements and exacerbated psychological and emotional stress. HIPPOKRATIA 2023, 27 (1):22-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Sarridou
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A K Boutou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Konstantinidou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - F Cox
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain, The Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - H Argiriadou
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C P Walker
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain, The Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Critical Care and Anaesthesia, Cleveland Clinic London, London, UK
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15
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Giraud R, Wozniak H, Donner V, Looyens C, Assouline B, Bendjelid K. A Dedicated Expert ECMO-Team and Strict Patient Selection Improve Survival of Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 ARDS Supported by VV-ECMO. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010230. [PMID: 36615029 PMCID: PMC9821061 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has overwhelmed health care systems worldwide since its first wave. Intensive care units have been under a significant amount of pressure as patients with the most severe form of the disease presented with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A proportion of them experienced refractory acute respiratory failure and had to be supported with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). The present retrospective study reports the experiences of our ECMO center in the management of COVID-19 patients with refractory ARDS. Patient characteristics and outcomes are presented through the different waves of the pandemic. A cohort study was conducted on patients with refractory ARDS due to COVID-19 infection who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at the Geneva University Hospital and supported with VV-ECMO between 14 March 2020 and January 2022. The VV-ECMO implementation criteria were defined according to an institutional algorithm validated by the local crisis unit of the hospital and the Swiss Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Among the 500 ARDS patients admitted to our ICU, 41 patients with a median age of 57 (52−63) years, a body mass index (BMI) of 28 (26−32) kg/m2, and a SAPS II score of 57 (47−67), and 27 (66%) of whom were men required VV-ECMO. None of the patients were vaccinated. The time of ventilation, including noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and mechanical ventilation (MV), and the time of MV before ECMO were 7 (4−11) days and 4 (1−7) days, respectively. The time under ECMO was 20 (10−27) days. The ICU and hospital lengths of stay were 36 (21−45) days and 45 (33−69) days, respectively. The survival rate for patients on ECMO was 59%. Comparative analysis between survivors and non-survivors highlighted that survivors had a significantly shorter ventilation duration before ECMO (NIV + MV: 5.5 (1.3−9) vs. 9 (6.5−13.5) days, p = 0.0026 and MV alone: 1.6 (0.4−5.5) vs. 5.8 (5−8) days, p < 0.0001). The management of patients on ECMO by an experienced ECMO team dedicated to this activity was associated with improved survival (78% vs. 28%, p = 0.0012). Between the first wave and the following waves, patients presented with a higher incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (100% vs. 82%, p = 0.0325) but had better survival rates (74% vs. 35%, p = 0.024). The present study suggests that both the prompt insertion of VV-ECMO to control refractory hypoxemia and the involvement of an ECMO team improve the survival of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Giraud
- Intensive Care Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Hemodynamic Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Surgical Intensive Care Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Hannah Wozniak
- Intensive Care Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Viviane Donner
- Intensive Care Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carole Looyens
- Intensive Care Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Assouline
- Intensive Care Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Hemodynamic Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Surgical Intensive Care Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karim Bendjelid
- Intensive Care Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Hemodynamic Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Surgical Intensive Care Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Vigneshwar NG, Masood MF, Vasic I, Krause M, Bartels K, Lucas MT, Bronsert M, Selzman CH, Thompson S, Rove JY, Reece TB, Cleveland JC, Pal JD, Fullerton DA, Aftab M. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure: A multicenter study. JTCVS Open 2022; 12:211-220. [PMID: 36097635 PMCID: PMC9451935 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective The COVID-19 pandemic presents a high mortality rate amongst patients who develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) in COVID-19-related ARDS and identify the patients who benefit the most from this procedure. Methods Adult patients with COVID-19 and severe ARDS requiring VV-ECMO support at 4 academic institutions between March and October 2020 were included. Data were collected through retrospective chart reviews. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed with the primary outcome of in-hospital mortality. Results Fifty-one consecutive patients underwent VV-ECMO with a mean age of 50.4 years; 64.7% were men. Survival to hospital discharge was 62.8%. Median intensive care unit and hospitalization duration were 27.4 days (interquartile range [IQR], 17-37 days) and 34.5 days (IQR, 23-43 days), respectively. Survivors and nonsurvivors had a median ECMO cannulation time of 11 days (IQR, 8-18) and 17 days (IQR, 12-25 days). The average postdecannulation length of stay was 17.5 days (IQR, 12.4-25 days) for survivors and 0 days for nonsurvivors (IQR, 0-6 days). Only 1 nonsurvivor was able to be decannulated. Clinical characteristics associated with mortality between nonsurviors and survivors included increasing age (P = .0048), hemorrhagic stroke (P = .0014), and postoperative dialysis (P = .0013) were associated with mortality in a bivariate model and retained statistical significance in a multivariable model. Conclusions This multicenter study confirms the effectiveness of VV-ECMO in selected critically ill patients with COVID-19-related severe ARDS. The survival of these patients is comparable to non-COVID-19-related ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin G. Vigneshwar
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Muhammad F. Masood
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St Louis, Mo
| | - Ivana Vasic
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Martin Krause
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of San Diego, San Diego, Calif
| | - Karsten Bartels
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Mark T. Lucas
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Michael Bronsert
- Colorado Health Outcomes Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Craig H. Selzman
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Shaun Thompson
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Jessica Y. Rove
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Thomas B. Reece
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Joseph C. Cleveland
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Jay D. Pal
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - David A. Fullerton
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Muhammad Aftab
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo,Address for reprints: Muhammad Aftab, MD, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 E 17th Ave, C-310, Room 6602, Aurora, CO 80045.
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17
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Honore PM, Redant S, Djimafo P, Preseau T, Cismas BV, Kaefer K, Barreto Gutierrez L, Anane S, Gallerani A, Attou R. Difference of 11 years between two periods of VV-ECMO does not impact mortality in large centres: we are not sure. Crit Care 2022; 26:149. [PMID: 35606789 PMCID: PMC9125954 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-03952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Honore
- ICU Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann-Brugmann University Hospital, Place Van Gehuchtenplein, 4, 1020, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sebastien Redant
- ICU Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann-Brugmann University Hospital, Place Van Gehuchtenplein, 4, 1020, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pharan Djimafo
- ICU Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann-Brugmann University Hospital, Place Van Gehuchtenplein, 4, 1020, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Preseau
- ED Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Keitiane Kaefer
- ICU Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann-Brugmann University Hospital, Place Van Gehuchtenplein, 4, 1020, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leonel Barreto Gutierrez
- ICU Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann-Brugmann University Hospital, Place Van Gehuchtenplein, 4, 1020, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sami Anane
- ICU Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann-Brugmann University Hospital, Place Van Gehuchtenplein, 4, 1020, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Gallerani
- ICU Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann-Brugmann University Hospital, Place Van Gehuchtenplein, 4, 1020, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rachid Attou
- ICU Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann-Brugmann University Hospital, Place Van Gehuchtenplein, 4, 1020, Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Hussey PT, von Mering G, Nanda NC, Ahmed MI, Addis DR. Echocardiography for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Echocardiography 2022; 39:339-370. [PMID: 34997645 PMCID: PMC9195253 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides advanced cardiopulmonary life support for patients in cardiac and/or respiratory failure. Echocardiography provides essential diagnostic and anatomic information prior to ECMO initiation, allows for safe and efficient ECMO cannula positioning, guides optimization of flow, provides a modality for rapid troubleshooting and patient evaluation, and facilitates decision-making for eventual weaning of ECMO support. Currently, guidelines for echocardiographic assessment in this clinical context are lacking. In this review, we provide an overview of echocardiographic considerations for advanced imagers involved in the care of these complex patients. We focus predominately on new cannulas and complex cannulation techniques, including a special focus on double lumen cannulas and a section discussing indirect left ventricular venting. Echocardiography is tremendously valuable in providing optimal care in these challenging clinical situations. It is imperative for imaging physicians to understand the pertinent anatomic considerations, the often complicated physiological and hemodynamic context, and the limitations of the imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T. Hussey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gregory von Mering
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Navin C. Nanda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mustafa I. Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dylan R. Addis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, and the UAB Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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19
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Yashiro T, Wada Y, Sugiyama M, Tateno H, Kasai F, Kawate N. Improvement in activities of daily living and exercise tolerance in a patient with severe COVID-19 and femoral nerve palsy after Kaifukuki rehabilitation: a case report. Jpn J Compr Rehabil Sci 2021; 12:53-57. [PMID: 37860216 PMCID: PMC10545033 DOI: 10.11336/jjcrs.12.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Yashiro T, Wada Y, Sugiyama M, Tateno H, Kasai F, Kawate N. Improvement in activities of daily living and exercise tolerance in a patient with severe COVID-19 and femoral nerve palsy after Kaifukuki rehabilitation: a case report. Jpn J Compr Rehabil Sci 2021; 12: 53-57. Introduction There have been many reports on rehabilitation techniques for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, few have reported on the use of Kaifukuki rehabilitation for severe COVID-19 cases with complications of femoral nerve palsy after veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) management. Case A male in his 50s who underwent VV-ECMO management during the course of his treatment for COVID-19 developed femoral nerve palsy due to iliopsoas hematoma. From day 120 after admission, he underwent Kaifukuki rehabilitation focusing on exercise therapy, activities of daily living (ADL) training, and respiratory rehabilitation to improve ADL and exercise tolerance. His respiratory function, functional independence measure scores, and 6-min walk test results improved. The patient was discharged on day 196. His recovery progressed without any further deterioration. Discussion Kaifukuki rehabilitation, focusing on respiratory rehabilitation, contributed to the improvement of ADL and exercise tolerance in a patient with severe COVID-19. In addition, attention should be paid to femoral nerve palsy after VV-ECMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Yashiro
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Rehabilitation Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Wada
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sugiyama
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Rehabilitation Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Tateno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Rehabilitation Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumihito Kasai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Showa University Hospital, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kawate
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Rehabilitation Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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20
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Orozco-Hernandez EJ, Muñoz-Largacha JA, Lusby M, Hoopes CW. Ambulatory femoral venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with a dual-lumen cannula. JTCVS Tech 2021; 9:199-201. [PMID: 34647102 PMCID: PMC8501118 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erik J. Orozco-Hernandez
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala
- Address for reprints: Erik J. Orozco-Hernandez, MD, FACS, FATS, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd, Tinsley Harrison Tower 760, Birmingham, AL 35294.
| | - Juan A. Muñoz-Largacha
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala
| | - Megan Lusby
- Department of Acute Care Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala
| | - Charles W. Hoopes
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala
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21
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Ramaraj A, Jensen G, Rice-Townsend S, DiGeronimo R, Yalon L, Stark R. Similar frequency of atrial perforation between atrial and bicaval dual lumen veno-venous ECMO cannulas in a pediatric population. Perfusion 2021; 37:752-756. [PMID: 34264146 DOI: 10.1177/02676591211030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Complications associated with use of dual-lumen venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) cannulas are of concern in pediatric patients. While the risk of atrial perforation is believed to be higher with bicaval cannulas, direct comparison of complication rate between atrial and bicaval cannulas has not been conducted in this population. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted at a free-standing children's hospital of all patients 0-18 years old, placed on VV-ECMO with a dual-lumen cannula from January 2009 to December 2018. Patients were grouped based on cannula type. Complications were assessed over the entire duration of the ECMO run. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate for an association between cannula type and risk of pericardial effusion or cannula-related complication requiring median sternotomy or pericardial drain placement. RESULTS During the study period 119 patients were placed on VVECMO using a dual-lumen cannula. Eighty-two patients (69%) were <2 years old, 19 (16%) were 2-10 years old, and 18 (15%) were 11-18 years old. Seventy-three were cannulated with an atrial cannula and 46 patients received a bicaval cannula. Pericardial effusions were seen in 30% and 24% of these patients respectively while severe complications were seen in 9.6% and 8.7% of patients respectively. Compared to patients treated with a bicaval cannula, those who received an atrial cannula had similar odds of effusions (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 0.62-3.36) and severe complications (OR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.27-3.18). After adjusting for age, weight, cannula and circuit manipulations, and use of echocardiography, the OR of effusion was 1.91 (95% CI: 0.65-6.42), and the adjusted OR of severe complication was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.16-3.33). CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences in frequency of pericardial effusions or severe cannula-related complications between the treatment groups across all pediatric patients and within the subgroup of patients under 2 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila Ramaraj
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guy Jensen
- General Surgery, Naval Hospital Bremerton, Bremerton, WA, USA
| | - Samuel Rice-Townsend
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert DiGeronimo
- Department of Neonatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Larissa Yalon
- Extracorporeal Life Support Services, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rebecca Stark
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
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22
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Misumi Y, Fujii Y, Yaguchi A, Nonaka K. Emergency lower gastrointestinal endoscopy performed safely in a COVID-19 patient on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with hemorrhagic shock. Clin J Gastroenterol 2021; 14:1182-5. [PMID: 34008112 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-021-01439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Emergency endoscopy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients should be avoided whenever possible to ensure the safety of medical staff; however, it may be unavoidable in some cases. We report a case of emergency lower gastrointestinal endoscopy performed with full personal protective equipment in a patient on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with severe COVID-19 pneumonia admitted in a restricted area under negative pressure in the intensive care unit. To avoid the risk of fecal-oral transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the procedure, the patient's lower body was covered with a 2 m2 vinyl sheet with an aperture (diameter, approximately 2 cm). None of the medical staff involved exhibited any signs of SARS-CoV-2 infection after the procedure. Although patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation have a high risk of bleeding, we believe that emergency lower endoscopy can be safely performed in such patients by reducing exposure to dispersed feces and using full personal protective equipment.
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23
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Giraud R, Legouis D, Assouline B, De Charriere A, Decosterd D, Brunner ME, Moret-Bochatay M, Fumeaux T, Bendjelid K. Timing of VV-ECMO therapy implementation influences prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14715. [PMID: 33527751 PMCID: PMC7851435 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Current knowledge on the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in COVID‐19 remains limited to small series and registry data. In the present retrospective monocentric study, we report on our experience, our basic principles, and our results in establishing and managing ECMO in critically ill COVID‐19 patients. Methods A cohort study was conducted in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) related to COVID‐19 pneumonia admitted to the ICU of the Geneva University Hospitals and supported by VV‐ECMO from March 14 to May 31. The VV‐ECMO implementation criteria were defined according to an institutional algorithm validated by the local crisis unit and the Swiss Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Results Out of 137 ARDS patients admitted to our ICU, 10 patients (age 57 ± 4 years, BMI 31.5 ± 5 kg/m2, and SAPS II score 56 ± 3) were put on VV‐ECMO. The mean duration of mechanical ventilation before ECMO and mean time under ECMO were 7 ± 3 days and 19 ± 11 days, respectively. The ICU and hospital length of stay were 26 ± 11 and 35 ± 10 days, respectively. The survival rate for patients on ECMO was 40%. The comparative analysis between survivors and non‐survivors highlighted that survivors had a significantly shorter mechanical ventilation duration before ECMO (4 ± 2 days vs. 9 ± 2 days, p = 0.01). All the patients who had more than 150 h of mechanical ventilation before the application of ECMO ultimately died. Conclusion The present results suggest that VV‐ECMO can be safely utilized in appropriately selected COVID‐19 patients with refractory hypoxemia. The main information for clinicians is that late VV‐ECMO therapy (i.e., beyond the seventh day of mechanical ventilation) seems futile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Giraud
- Intensive Care Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Hemodynamic Research Group, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Legouis
- Intensive Care Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Assouline
- Intensive Care Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Hemodynamic Research Group, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amandine De Charriere
- Intensive Care Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Hemodynamic Research Group, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dumeng Decosterd
- Intensive Care Unit, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, Site de Pourtalès, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Eve Brunner
- Intensive Care Unit, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, Site de Pourtalès, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Mallory Moret-Bochatay
- Intensive Care Unit, Groupement Hospitalier de l'Ouest Lémanique, Hôpital de zone de Nyon, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Fumeaux
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Intensive Care Unit, Groupement Hospitalier de l'Ouest Lémanique, Hôpital de zone de Nyon, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Karim Bendjelid
- Intensive Care Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Hemodynamic Research Group, Geneva, Switzerland
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Shaefi S, Brenner SK, Gupta S, O'Gara BP, Krajewski ML, Charytan DM, Chaudhry S, Mirza SH, Peev V, Anderson M, Bansal A, Hayek SS, Srivastava A, Mathews KS, Johns TS, Leonberg-Yoo A, Green A, Arunthamakun J, Wille KM, Shaukat T, Singh H, Admon AJ, Semler MW, Hernán MA, Mueller AL, Wang W, Leaf DE; STOP-COVID Investigators. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with severe respiratory failure from COVID-19. Intensive Care Med 2021; 47:208-21. [PMID: 33528595 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited data are available on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS We examined the clinical features and outcomes of 190 patients treated with ECMO within 14 days of ICU admission, using data from a multicenter cohort study of 5122 critically ill adults with COVID-19 admitted to 68 hospitals across the United States. To estimate the effect of ECMO on mortality, we emulated a target trial of ECMO receipt versus no ECMO receipt within 7 days of ICU admission among mechanically ventilated patients with severe hypoxemia (PaO2/FiO2 < 100). Patients were followed until hospital discharge, death, or a minimum of 60 days. We adjusted for confounding using a multivariable Cox model. RESULTS Among the 190 patients treated with ECMO, the median age was 49 years (IQR 41-58), 137 (72.1%) were men, and the median PaO2/FiO2 prior to ECMO initiation was 72 (IQR 61-90). At 60 days, 63 patients (33.2%) had died, 94 (49.5%) were discharged, and 33 (17.4%) remained hospitalized. Among the 1297 patients eligible for the target trial emulation, 45 of the 130 (34.6%) who received ECMO died, and 553 of the 1167 (47.4%) who did not receive ECMO died. In the primary analysis, patients who received ECMO had lower mortality than those who did not (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.41-0.74). Results were similar in a secondary analysis limited to patients with PaO2/FiO2 < 80 (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.40-0.77). CONCLUSION In select patients with severe respiratory failure from COVID-19, ECMO may reduce mortality.
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Takahashi N, Abe R, Hattori N, Matsumura Y, Oshima T, Taniguchi T, Igari H, Nakada TA. Clinical course of a critically ill patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). J Artif Organs 2020; 23:397-400. [PMID: 32556649 PMCID: PMC7298923 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-020-01183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies have reported on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), clinical course of the most severe cases requiring treatment in ICU have been insufficiently reported. A 73-year-old man traveling on a cruise ship with history of hypertension and dyslipidemia developed high fever, dyspnea and cough after 7 days of steroid treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in sputa polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination. His respiratory function deteriorated despite treatments with lopinavir/ritonavir, oseltamivir, azithromycin and meropenem at a regional hospital. He was intubated and transferred to the ICU in the tertiary university hospital on day 10 (ICU day 1). Interferon beta-1b subcutaneous injection was initiated immediately to enhance anti-viral therapy, and favipiravir on ICU day 10 upon availability. Progression of organ dysfunctions necessitated inhalation of nitrogen oxide for respiratory dysfunction, noradrenaline for cardiovascular dysfunction and continuous renal replacement therapy for renal dysfunction. His blood samples PCR also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, indicating viremia, concomitantly with elevated IL-6 levels. VV-ECMO was initiated after sudden exacerbation of respiratory dysfunction on ICU day 7 to maintain oxygenation. The sustained excessive inflammatory cytokines in the present case might have led to the exacerbation of the disease, requiring vigorous organ support therapies to allow for survival and recovery from the rapid progression of multiple organ dysfunctions and severe respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Takahashi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Abe
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hattori
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsumura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Taku Oshima
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | | | - Hidetoshi Igari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Nakada
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan.
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26
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Chen T, Yao L, Zhu C. Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Combined with Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy-Assisted CO 2 Cryotherapy in the Treatment of Massive Hemoptysis in Pregnancy: A Case Report. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:1291-1296. [PMID: 33273848 PMCID: PMC7708678 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s287666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Massive hemoptysis in pregnancy is very rare but can be life-threatening for both the pregnant woman and fetus. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is extremely rare in the treatment of severe hemoptysis in pregnancy. Here we describe the case of massive hemoptysis in the second trimester of pregnancy successfully treated with a combination of venovenous (VV)-ECMO, and bronchial artery embolization combined with fiberoptic bronchoscopy–assisted CO2 cryotherapy. Case Presentation A 34-year-old patient at 28 2/7 weeks gestation with a history of hemoptysis for 3 days was transferred to our care. Massive hemoptysis completely blocked the trachea and main bronchus, and a ventilator could not carry out ventilation. ECMO was performed immediately when oxygenation was not maintained. A right lower bronchial artery hemorrhage was found by bronchial arteriography under ECMO, and embolization with microcoils and gelatin sponge particles was then performed. An emergency bedside carbon dioxide cryo-thrombectomy was performed under fiberoptic bronchoscopy because of obstruction of the trachea and main bronchus. Endotracheal cryotherapy was repeated (for a total three times) until bronchoscopic evaluation confirmed no obstruction of the trachea and no active bleeding in the airway. On day 7, ECMO was successfully evacuated. On day 15, the patient was extubated. On day 17, the tracheotomy was closed and replaced by nasal oxygen inhalation. On day 20, the patient was discharged from hospital. The patient has had no recurrence of hemoptysis in 3-month follow-up. Conclusion VV-ECMO combined with carbon dioxide cryotherapy in the treatment of pregnancy complicated with massive hemoptysis is an effective treatment, when massive hemoptysis completely blocked the trachea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
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27
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Kodia K, Liu Y, Ghodsizad A, Turner D, Briski L, Nguyen DM. Use of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for resection of a large paratracheal mass causing critical tracheal stenosis: A case report. J Card Surg 2020; 36:367-370. [PMID: 33225496 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Critical airway stenosis is challenging for surgeons and anesthesiologists to secure a reliable airway for ventilation. The use of venovenous (VV)-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been described as a strategy to provide adequate gas exchange in such instances. We present a case of a young female with a complex paratracheal mass significantly compressing the trachea; a planned intraoperative VV-ECMO was instituted to allow safe orotracheal intubation of a double-lumen endotracheal tube for lung isolation and tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Kodia
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yuda Liu
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ali Ghodsizad
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation, The DeWitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Darren Turner
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Laurence Briski
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dao M Nguyen
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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28
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Ahmed T, Ahmed T, Karimi H, Tolle L, Iqbal MN. COVID19 Acute respiratory distress syndrome and extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation; A mere option or ultimate necessity. Perfusion 2020; 36:559-563. [PMID: 33008270 DOI: 10.1177/0267659120961507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is considered a salvage therapy in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and refractory hypoxemia (hypoxemia persisting despite lung-protective ventilation). One aspect of ECMO is whether there would be an application of the technology related to the Coronavirus pandemic. The number of people diagnosed with Coronavirus disease (COVID19) has crossed the five million mark on 9 August 2020, with a case fatality rate of 5.2%. Due to this exponential increase in the number of coronavirus disease (COVID19) cases particularly the ones associated with ARDS, experts are evaluating the need for ECMO in intensive care units. Herein, we chronicle a review encompassing the available evidence on ECMO and its potential role in COVID19 ARDS, as we aim for optimal patient care with appropriate resource utilization and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Ahmed
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Talha Ahmed
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hussain Karimi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Leslie Tolle
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Muhammad Nouman Iqbal
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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29
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Weber AG, Chau AS, Egeblad M, Barnes BJ, Janowitz T. Nebulized in-line endotracheal dornase alfa and albuterol administered to mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients: a case series. Mol Med 2020; 26:91. [PMID: 32993479 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 have a mortality of 24–53%, in part due to distal mucopurulent secretions interfering with ventilation. DNA from neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to the viscosity of mucopurulent secretions and NETs are found in the serum of COVID-19 patients. Dornase alfa is recombinant human DNase 1 and is used to digest DNA in mucoid sputum. Here, we report a single-center case series where dornase alfa was co-administered with albuterol through an in-line nebulizer system. Methods Demographic and clinical data were collected from the electronic medical records of five mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19—including three requiring veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation—treated with nebulized in-line endotracheal dornase alfa and albuterol, between March 31 and April 24, 2020. Data on tolerability and response were analyzed. Results The fraction of inspired oxygen requirements was reduced for all five patients after initiating dornase alfa administration. All patients were successfully extubated, discharged from hospital and remain alive. No drug-associated toxicities were identified. Conclusions Results suggest that dornase alfa will be well-tolerated by patients with severe COVID-19. Clinical trials are required to formally test the dosing, safety, and efficacy of dornase alfa in COVID-19, and several have been recently registered.
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30
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Pooboni SK, Gulla KM. Vascular access in ECMO. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 37:221-231. [PMID: 33967445 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-020-00999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In critically ill patients, deserving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), choosing the right pattern of cannulation such as veno-venous (VV), veno-arterial (VA), veno-veno-arterial (VVA), and central; selecting the appropriate size cannulae; and good cannulation techniques are all pre-requisites for the successful outcome of ECMO. We are describing the selection criteria for choosing appropriate size cannulae, cannulation configurations, available cannulae, and possible complications. A brief note on anticoagulation was added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Kumar Pooboni
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Mediclinic Hospital, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, UAE
| | - Krishna Mohan Gulla
- Division of Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care Department of Pediatrics PGIMER, Chandigarh-12, India
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31
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Møller-Sørensen H, Gjedsted J, Lind Jørgensen V, Lindskov Hansen K. COVID-19 Assessment with Bedside Lung Ultrasound in a Population of Intensive Care Patients Treated with Mechanical Ventilation and ECMO. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E447. [PMID: 32630707 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10070447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the need for an accessible, point-of-care and accurate imaging modality for pulmonary assessment. COVID-19 pneumonia is mainly monitored with chest X-ray, however, lung ultrasound (LUS) is an emerging tool for pulmonary evaluation. In this study, patients with verified COVID-19 disease hospitalized at the intensive care unit and treated with ventilator and extracorporal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) were evaluated with LUS for pulmonary changes. LUS findings were compared to C-reactive protein (CRP) and ventilator settings. Ten patients were included and scanned the day after initiation of ECMO and thereafter every second day until, if possible, weaned from ECMO. In total 38 scans adding up to 228 cineloops were recorded and analyzed off-line with the use of a constructed LUS score. The study indicated that patients with a trend of lower LUS scores over time were capable of being weaned from ECMO. LUS score was associated to CRP (R = 0.34; p < 0.03) and compliance (R = 0.60; p < 0.0001), with the strongest correlation to compliance. LUS may be used as a primary imaging modality for pulmonary assessment reducing the use of chest X-ray in COVID-19 patients treated with ventilator and ECMO.
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32
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Ito A, Iwashita Y, Esumi R, Sasaki K, Yukimitsu M, Kato T, Kawamoto E, Suzuki K, Imai H. Acquired factor XIII deficiency in two patients with bleeding events during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment. J Artif Organs 2019; 23:283-287. [PMID: 31834529 PMCID: PMC7458886 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-019-01148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report two cases of acquired factor XIII deficiency with bleeding events during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Case 1: A 76-year-old man diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia after near-drowning was started on ECMO. Later, the patient presented with hemoptysis and anemia. Blood tests showed a decreased factor XIII activity of 29%. Although the patient recovered after receiving 1200 International Units of factor XIII concentrate, the patient had another episode of decreased factor XIII activity and bloody stool and was treated again with factor XIII concentrate. Case 2: A 48-year-old female diagnosed with pneumonia was started on ECMO. Soon after, she presented with hemoptysis and anemia. Blood tests showed a decreased factor XIII activity of 39%. The patient was treated with 720 IU of factor XIII concentrate with good recovery. Acquired factor XIII deficiency cannot be detected by routine coagulation tests, therefore it may be under-diagnosed in the ICU. Detection of acquired factor XIII deficiency is essential when treating a bleeding ECMO patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Ito
- Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan.
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Yamada Y, Ohata T, Kitahara M, Kohata H, Kumasawa J, Kohno M. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the management of critical airway stenosis. J Artif Organs 2018; 21:479-481. [PMID: 30291469 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-018-1070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is used not only support gas transfer of patients suffering from respiratory failure, but also to manage hypoxic patients with critical airway obstruction during various procedures. We present a case in which we electively used VV-ECMO to facilitate tube placement and tracheal biopsy in a 67-year-old female with critical tracheal stenosis. The patient was transferred to our hospital for a surgical treatment after emergent tracheostomy for postoperative management of cerebral hemorrhage in right putamen. Her trachea was severely stenotic and just enough for a 5.5 mm tracheostomy tube. Removal of tracheostomy tube, tracheal wall biopsy and intra-tracheal tube placement were successfully performed under VV-ECMO support, drainage from inferior vena cava returned into the right ventricle (RV). RV perfusion was a very useful and effective method in VV-ECMO system, although some careful wire management was needed under fluoroscopic guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sakai City Medical Center, Ebaraji-cho 1-1-1, Nishi-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 593-8304, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ohata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sakai City Medical Center, Ebaraji-cho 1-1-1, Nishi-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 593-8304, Japan.
| | - Mutsunori Kitahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sakai City Medical Center, Ebaraji-cho 1-1-1, Nishi-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 593-8304, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Kohata
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sakai City Medical Center, Ebaraji-cho 1-1-1, Nishi-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 593-8304, Japan
| | - Junji Kumasawa
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sakai City Medical Center, Ebaraji-cho 1-1-1, Nishi-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 593-8304, Japan
| | - Michihiko Kohno
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sakai City Medical Center, Ebaraji-cho 1-1-1, Nishi-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 593-8304, Japan
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Radsel P, Gorjup V, Jazbec A, Knafelj R, Lucovnik M, Kavsek G, Kornhauser Cerar L, Noc M. Pregnancy complicated by influenza A ARDS requiring consecutive VV-ECMO treatment with successful vaginal delivery. J Artif Organs 2018; 21:471-474. [PMID: 29774445 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-018-1050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A 29-year-old woman presented with influenza A ARDS at 23+0 weeks of gestation. Mechanical ventilation failed and VV-ECMO was started in a non-ECMO hospital. Transportation was performed on ECMO. Within 5 days ECMO weaning was successful. Fetal condition was stable, and decision to continue pregnancy was taken. However, second VV-ECMO was needed due to ventilator-associated pneumonia. At 25+6 weeks, the patient spontaneously delivered a neonate vaginally. Patient's condition improved, and ECMO could be removed 10 days postpartum. 2-year follow-up showed no severe consequences in the mother and the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Radsel
- Department of Intensive Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Vojka Gorjup
- Department of Intensive Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Jazbec
- Department of Intensive Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rihard Knafelj
- Department of Intensive Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Lucovnik
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Perinatology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gorazd Kavsek
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Perinatology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lilijana Kornhauser Cerar
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Perinatology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Noc
- Department of Intensive Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of illicit drug and alcohol dependencies on mortality, length of stay, and complications in patients who have been supported with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) following respiratory failure not responsive to conventional methods of ventilation. 584 VV-ECMO referrals received at Wythenshawe Hospital were reviewed for evidence of drug dependency. 13 patients were identified as being drug-dependent and having undergone treatment with VV-ECMO. A matched cohort of 13 non-drug-dependent patients was identified using date of birth, pre-ECMO Murray Score, and primary diagnosis. The outcomes were compared. 19 more complications were found amongst the drug-dependent patients compared with the non-drug-dependent cohort (39 vs 20). A mean difference of 1.46 complications per patient was calculated (p = 0.005). Mortality after 180 days was reported in 4 of the drug-dependent patients, compared with one in the matched cohort. Length of stay on ECMO was increased on average by 1.93 days amongst the drug-dependent patients (p = 0.557); however, the sample size was not great enough to achieve statistical significance. Patients with drug dependencies undergoing VV-ECMO have more complications when compared with a cohort of patients with no proven or suspected drug dependencies. Differences in morbidity and mortality were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Stoyle
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, Manchester, UK. .,The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Peter Fawcett
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, Manchester, UK
| | - Ignacio Malagon
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, Manchester, UK. .,The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Betancor J, Xu B, Rehman KA, Rivas CG, Patel K, Tong MZ, Rodriguez LL. Transesophageal Echocardiographic Guidance of Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Cannula (Avalon Cannula) Repositioning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:150-154. [PMID: 30062269 PMCID: PMC6058252 DOI: 10.1016/j.case.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Betancor
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | - Kunal Patel
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michael Z Tong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - L Leonardo Rodriguez
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Lazzeri C, Bonizzoli M, Cianchi G, Batacchi S, Terenzi P, Cozzolino M, Bernardo P, Peris A. Lactate and Echocardiography Before Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support. Heart Lung Circ 2017; 27:99-103. [PMID: 28343949 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactate has been recognised as a prognostic factor in several critical conditions. Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is a well-established therapy in patients with Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome (ARDS) unresponsive to conventional therapy and echocardiography pre ECMO initiation has been recently reported to help in risk stratifying these patients. METHODS We assessed whether the detection of hyperlactataemia could be associated with the presence of left ventricle (LV) or right ventricle (RV) dysfunction in 121 consecutive patients with refractory ARDS. RESULTS The mortality rate was 42.9% (52/121). Higher dosages of norepinephrine and dobutamine were administered to non survivors (p=0.023 and p=0.047, respectively) who showed significantly higher levels of lactate (p=0.002). At echocardiography, non survivors showed higher values of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) (p=0.05) and a higher incidence of RV dysfunction (as indicated by lower Tricuspid Annular Plane Excursion (TAPSE)) and RV dilatation (p=0.001). At multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following variables were independent predictors of death: body mass index (BMI) (OR: 0.914, 95%CI 0.857-0.975, p=0.006), RV dilatation (OR: 0.239, 95%CI 0.101-0.561, p=0.001) and lactate (OR: 1.292, 95%CI 1.015-1.645, p=0.038). Lactate values were directly correlated with the simplified acute physiology score (SAPS) II (r=0.38, p<0.001), while they showed an indirect correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (r=-0.24, p=0.009) and TAPSE (r=-0.21, p=0.024). CONCLUSIONS In refractory ARDS, hyperlactataemia before VVV-ECMO identified a subset of patients at higher risk of death, being an independent predictor of in-Intensive Care Unit (ICU) mortality. Lactate values are mainly related to disease severity (as indicated by SAPS II) and haemodynamic impairment (as inferred by LVEF) and RV failure, as (indicated by TAPSE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lazzeri
- Intensive Care Unit of Heart and Vessels Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.
| | - Manuela Bonizzoli
- Intensive Care Unit and Regional ECMO Referral Centre, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cianchi
- Intensive Care Unit and Regional ECMO Referral Centre, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Batacchi
- Intensive Care Unit and Regional ECMO Referral Centre, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Terenzi
- Intensive Care Unit and Regional ECMO Referral Centre, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Morena Cozzolino
- Intensive Care Unit and Regional ECMO Referral Centre, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Pasquale Bernardo
- Intensive Care Unit of Heart and Vessels Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Adriano Peris
- Intensive Care Unit and Regional ECMO Referral Centre, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
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