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Saunders EC, Budney AJ, Cavazos-Rehg P, Scherer E, Bell K, John D, Marsch LA. Evaluating preferences for medication formulation and treatment model among people who use opioids non-medically: A web-based cross-sectional study. J Subst Use Addict Treat 2024:209383. [PMID: 38670531 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2024.209383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past decade, treatment for opioid use disorder has expanded to include long-acting injectable and implantable formulations of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and integrated treatment models systematically addressing both behavioral and physical health. Patient preference for these treatment options has been underexplored. Gathering data on OUD treatment preferences is critical to guide the development of patient-centered treatment for OUD. This cross-sectional study assessed preferences for long-acting MOUD and integrated treatment using an online survey. METHODS An online Qualtrics survey assessed preferences for MOUD formulation and integrated treatment models. The study recruited participants (n = 851) in October and November 2019 through advertisements or posts on Facebook, Google AdWords, Reddit, and Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk). Eligible participants scored a two or higher on the opioid pain reliever or heroin scales of the Tobacco, Alcohol Prescription Medication and other Substance Use (TAPS) Tool. Structured survey items obtained patient preference for MOUD formulation and treatment model. Using stated preference methods, the study assessed preference via comparison of preferred options for MOUD and treatment model. RESULTS In the past year, 824 (96.8 %) participants reported non-prescribed use of opioid pain relievers (mean TAPS score = 2.72, SD = 0.46) and 552 (64.9 %) reported heroin or fentanyl use (mean TAPS score = 2.73, SD = 0.51). Seventy-four percent of participants (n = 631) reported currently or previously receiving OUD treatment, with 407 (48.4 %) receiving MOUD. When asked about preferences for type of MOUD formulation, 452 (53.1 %) preferred a daily oral formulation, 115 (13.5 %) preferred an implant, 114 (13.4 %) preferred a monthly injection and 95 (11.2 %) preferred a weekly injection. Approximately 8.8 % (n = 75) would not consider MOUD regardless of formulation. The majority of participants (65.2 %, n = 555) preferred receiving treatment in a specialized substance use treatment program distinct from their medical care, compared with receiving care in an integrated model (n = 296, 34.8 %). CONCLUSIONS Though most participants expressed willingness to try long-acting MOUD formulations, the majority preferred short-acting formulations. Likewise, the majority preferred non-integrated treatment in specialty substance use settings. Reasons for these preferences provide insight on developing effective educational tools for patients and suggesting targets for intervention to develop a more acceptable treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Saunders
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.
| | - Alan J Budney
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.
| | - Patricia Cavazos-Rehg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Emily Scherer
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Kathleen Bell
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.
| | | | - Lisa A Marsch
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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Applequist J, Burroughs C, Ramirez A, Merkel PA, Rothenberg ME, Trapnell B, Desnick RJ, Sahin M, Krischer JP. A novel approach to conducting clinical trials in the community setting: utilizing patient-driven platforms and social media to drive web-based patient recruitment. BMC Med Res Methodol 2020; 20:58. [PMID: 32169041 PMCID: PMC7069058 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-00926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Participant recruitment for clinical research studies remains a significant challenge for researchers. Novel approaches to recruitment are necessary to ensure that populations are easier to reach. In the context of rare diseases, social media provides a unique opportunity for connecting with patient groups that have representatively lower diagnosis rates when compared with more common diseases or illness. We describe the implementation of designing a patient-centered approach to message design for the purposes of recruiting patients for clinical research studies for rare disease populations. Methods Using an iterative research approach, we analyzed our previous experience of using web-based direct-to-patient recruitment methods to compare these online strategies with traditional center of excellence recruitment strategies. After choosing six research studies for inclusion in the previous study, in-depth, online interviews (n = 37) were conducted with patients represented in each disease category to develop and test recruitment message strategies for social media and a Web-based platform for patients to access study information and pre-screen. Finally, relationships were established with Patient Advocacy Groups representing each rare disease category to ensure further dissemination of recruitment materials via their own social media networks. Results Guided by social marketing theory, we created and tested various recruitment message designs. Three key message concepts preferred by patients emerged: (1) infographic; (2) positive emotional messages; and (3) educational information for sharing. A base study website was designed and created based on data from patient interviews. This website includes the option for potential participants to pre-screen and determine their eligibility for the study. Conclusions Study participants report wanting to be involved in the design and implementation of recruitment approaches for clinical research studies. The application of the aforementioned methods could aide in the evolution of clinical research practices for the recruitment of both rare and common diseases, where patient-centric approaches can help to create targeted messages designs that participants pre-test and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Applequist
- Zimmerman School of Advertising and Mass Communications, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., CIS 1040, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
| | - Cristina Burroughs
- Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida, 3650 Spectrum Blvd., Suite 100, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Artemio Ramirez
- Zimmerman School of Advertising and Mass Communications, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., CIS 1040, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Peter A Merkel
- Rheumatology Division, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., 5 White, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Medical Science Building, 231 Albert Sabin Way, P.O. Box 670515, Cincinnati, OH, 45257-0515, USA
| | - Bruce Trapnell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Medical Science Building, 231 Albert Sabin Way, P.O. Box 670515, Cincinnati, OH, 45257-0515, USA
| | - Robert J Desnick
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Icahn (East) Building, Floor 14, Room 14-34, 1425 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Center for Life Science, Room 14-073, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Krischer
- Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida, 3650 Spectrum Blvd., Suite 100, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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