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Egizi A, Martinsen ES, Vuong H, Zimmerman KI, Faraji A, Fonseca DM. Using Bloodmeal Analysis to Assess Disease Risk to Wildlife at the New Northern Limit of a Mosquito Species. Ecohealth 2018; 15:543-554. [PMID: 30242538 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-018-1371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The historically southeastern mosquito species Culex erraticus has over the last 30 years undergone a marked expansion north. We evaluated this species' potential to participate in local disease cycles in the northeastern USA by identifying the vertebrate sources of blood in Cx. erraticus specimens from New Jersey. We found that the majority of bloodmeals (92.6%) were derived from birds, followed by 6.8% from mammals (of which half were human), and a single amphibian bloodmeal from a spring peeper (0.56%). Medium- and large-sized water birds from the order Pelecaniformes made up 60.4% of the bird species and 55.9% of all identified hosts. This group of birds is known enzootic hosts of arboviruses such as eastern equine encephalitis virus, for which Cx. erraticus is a competent vector. Additionally, we screened blooded mosquitoes for avian malaria parasites and identified three different lineages of Plasmodium, including what may represent a new Plasmodium species (likely a wetland bird specialist) in bloodmeals from Green Herons, a Great Egret, and a Double-Crested Cormorant. Our results support the utility of mosquito bloodmeals as sources of information about circulating wildlife pathogens and reveal the potential of range-expanding species to intensify local zoonoses and bridge enzootic pathogens to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Egizi
- Center for Vector Biology, Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Tick-Borne Disease Laboratory, Monmouth County Mosquito Control Division, Tinton Falls, NJ, 07724, USA
| | - Ellen S Martinsen
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
| | - Holly Vuong
- Center for Vector Biology, Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- National Youth Science Forum, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Kelly I Zimmerman
- Center for Vector Biology, Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA
| | - Ary Faraji
- Center for Vector Biology, Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, Salt Lake City, UT, 84116, USA
| | - Dina M Fonseca
- Center for Vector Biology, Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA.
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da Costa CF, dos Passos RA, Lima JBP, Roque RA, de Souza Sampaio V, Campolina TB, Secundino NFC, Pimenta PFP. Transovarial transmission of DENV in Aedes aegypti in the Amazon basin: a local model of xenomonitoring. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:249. [PMID: 28526066 PMCID: PMC5437422 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transovarial transmission of dengue virus in Aedes spp. mosquitoes is considered an important mechanism for the maintenance of the virus in nature and may be implicated in the occurrence of outbreaks and epidemics of the disease. However, there are few studies involving transovarial transmission and viral vector monitoring as a surveillance tool and control strategy. The present study evaluated transovarial transmission of dengue virus in Aedes aegypti populations as a xenomonitoring strategy in municipalities of the Amazonas state. RESULTS Aedes sp. eggs (13.164) were collected, with 30% viability of third- and fourth-instar larvae. Transovarial transmission of DENV was detected in all municipalities. The transovarial infection rate (TOR) in the municipalities was 46% of the DENV positive samples. The minimum infection rate (MIR) was 17.7 in the state, varying from 11.4 to 24.1 per 1,000 larvae tested in the respective municipalities. Four DENV serotypes were identified, with DENV I and IV being present in all municipalities investigated. The number of reported dengue fever cases varied during this period. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that transovarial transmission may be an important mechanism for the maintenance and spreading of the disease in Amazonas municipalities. Using qRT-PCR, it was possible to identify the four DENV serotypes in larval samples. The methodology used in the present study proved suitable as a DENV xenomonitoring model in immature mosquitoes, contributing to the development of systems for early detection of viral circulation and predictive models for the occurrence of outbreaks and epidemics of this disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION CAAE34025414200005015 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Fernandes da Costa
- Department of Environmental Surveillance, Health Surveillance Foundation of Amazonas State FVS-AM, Av. Torquato Tapajós, 6132, Colônia Santo Antônio, Zip 69.093-018 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
- Universidade Nilton Lins, Programa de Pró Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação - UNICENTER. Laboratório de Entomologia Aplicada, Office 160, Av. Professor Nilton Lins 3259, Parque das Laranjeiras, Zip: 69 058-030 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto dos Passos
- Department of Environmental Surveillance, Health Surveillance Foundation of Amazonas State FVS-AM, Av. Torquato Tapajós, 6132, Colônia Santo Antônio, Zip 69.093-018 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Arthropod Vectors - Oswaldo Cruz Institute – FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Arthropod Vectors - Oswaldo Cruz Institute – FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Aparecida Roque
- Malaria and Dengue Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2.936 Petrópolis, Manaus, Amazonas P.O. Box 2223, Zip 69080-971 Brazil
| | - Vanderson de Souza Sampaio
- Department of Environmental Surveillance, Health Surveillance Foundation of Amazonas State FVS-AM, Av. Torquato Tapajós, 6132, Colônia Santo Antônio, Zip 69.093-018 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Thais Bonifácio Campolina
- René Rachou Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Zip 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Nágila Francinete Costa Secundino
- René Rachou Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Zip 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Paulo Filemon Paolucci Pimenta
- René Rachou Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Zip 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
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