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Hochstrasser C, Rieder S, Jufer-Riedi U, Klein MN, Feinstein A, Banwell BL, Steiner M, Cao LM, Lidzba K, Bigi S. Computerized Symbol Digit Modalities Test in a Swiss Pediatric Cohort Part 1: Validation. Front Psychol 2021; 12:631536. [PMID: 33967898 PMCID: PMC8101631 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to validate the computerized Symbol Digit Modalities Test (c-SDMT) in a Swiss pediatric cohort, in comparing the Swiss sample to the Canadian norms. Secondly, we evaluated sex effects, age-effects, and test-retest reliability of the c-SDMT in comparison to values obtained for the paper and pencil version of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). METHODS This longitudinal observational study was conducted in a single-center setting at the University Children's Hospital of Bern. Our cohort consisted of 86 children (45 male and 41 female) aged from 8 to 16 years. The cohort included both healthy participants (n = 38) and patients (n = 48) hospitalized for a non-neurological disease. Forty eight participants were assessed during two testing sessions with the SDMT and the c-SDMT. RESULTS Test-retest reliability was high in both tests (SDMT: ICC = 0.89, c-SDMT: ICC = 0.90). A reliable change index was calculated for the SDMT (RCIp = -3.18, 14.01) and the c-SDMT (RCIp = -5.45, 1.46) corrected for practice effects. While a significant age effect on information processing speed was observed, no such effect was found for sex. When data on the c-SDMT performance of the Swiss cohort was compared with that from a Canadian cohort, no significant difference was found for the mean time per trial in any age group. Norm values for age groups between 8 and 16 years in the Swiss cohort were established. CONCLUSION Norms for the c-SDMT between the Swiss and the Canadian cohort were comparable. The c-SDMT is a valid alternative to the SDMT. It is a feasible and easy to administer bedside tool due to high reliability and the lack of motor demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Hochstrasser
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Rieder
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ursina Jufer-Riedi
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Noëlle Klein
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Feinstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda L. Banwell
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michelle Steiner
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Li Mei Cao
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karen Lidzba
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Bigi
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Karatrantou K, Gerodimos V, Katsareli E, Manouras N, Ioakimidis P, Famisis K. Strength Profile of Hip Abductor and Adductor Muscles in Youth Elite Soccer Players. J Hum Kinet 2019; 66:31-41. [PMID: 30988838 PMCID: PMC6458577 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to provide an extensive isokinetic profile of the hip joint in youth soccer players, where the literature is limited. Additionally, this study investigated the effect of age on isokinetic peak torque values of hip abductor and adductor muscles and on reciprocal muscle group torque ratios in youth soccer players at different angular velocities (30 vs. 90o/s) and muscle actions (concentric vs. eccentric). Sixty young elite male soccer players were assigned into three equal groups (n = 20): children, young adolescents and older adolescents, and performed five maximal concentric and eccentric hip-abductions and adductions at 30o/s and 90o/s. The results showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in peak torque values from childhood to adolescence, with the exception of young adolescents vs. older adolescents where no differences were observed. The reciprocal ratios were not affected by age, but improved with an increase in angular velocity with the exception of the CON/ECC ratio that was higher at 30o/s. The data presented in this study provide an extensive isokinetic profile of hip abductor and adductor muscle strength in youth soccer players to assist both coaches and sports medicine professionals in strength monitoring and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Karatrantou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies 42100Trikala, Greece
| | - Vassilis Gerodimos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies 42100Trikala, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Katsareli
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi57001, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Manouras
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies 42100Trikala, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Ioakimidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies 42100Trikala, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Famisis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies 42100Trikala, Greece
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Giezenaar C, Hutchison AT, Luscombe-Marsh ND, Chapman I, Horowitz M, Soenen S. Effect of Age on Blood Glucose and Plasma Insulin, Glucagon, Ghrelin, CCK, GIP, and GLP-1 Responses to Whey Protein Ingestion. Nutrients 2017; 10:nu10010002. [PMID: 29267221 PMCID: PMC5793230 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-rich supplements are used widely to prevent and manage undernutrition in older people. We have previously shown that healthy older, compared to younger, adults have less suppression of energy intake by whey protein-although the effects of age on appetite-related gut hormones are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the acute effects of whey protein loads on blood glucose and plasma gut hormone concentrations in older and younger adults. Sixteen healthy older (eight men, eight women; mean ± SEM: age: 72 ± 1 years; body mass index: 25 ± 1 kg/m²) and 16 younger (eight men, eight women; 24 ± 1 years; 23 ± 0.4 kg/m²) adults were studied on three occasions in which they ingested 30 g (120 kcal) or 70 g (280 kcal) whey protein, or a flavored-water control drink (~2 kcal). At regular intervals over 180 min, blood glucose and plasma insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations were measured. Plasma ghrelin was dose-dependently suppressed and insulin, glucagon, CCK, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations were dose-dependently increased by the whey protein ingestion, while blood glucose concentrations were comparable during all study days. The stimulation of plasma CCK and GIP concentrations was greater in older than younger adults. In conclusion, orally ingested whey protein resulted in load-dependent gut hormone responses, which were greater for plasma CCK and GIP in older compared to younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Giezenaar
- Discipline of Medicine and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, 5000 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Amy T Hutchison
- Discipline of Medicine and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, 5000 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Natalie D Luscombe-Marsh
- Discipline of Medicine and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, 5000 Adelaide, Australia.
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Food and Nutrition, 5000 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Ian Chapman
- Discipline of Medicine and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, 5000 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Discipline of Medicine and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, 5000 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Stijn Soenen
- Discipline of Medicine and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, 5000 Adelaide, Australia.
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