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Wang Y, Crumpton AE, Ellwanger MA, McManus C, Aldridge S. Boryl Ancillary Ligands: Influencing Stability and Reactivity of Amidinato-Silanone and Germanone Systems in Ammonia Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202402795. [PMID: 38465783 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
While the nucleophilic addition of ammonia to ketones is an archetypal reaction in classical organic chemistry, the reactivity of heavier group 14 carbonyl analogues (R2E=O; E=Si, Ge, Sn, or Pb) with NH3 remains sparsely investigated, primarily due to the synthetic difficulties in accessing heavier ketone congeners. Herein, we present a room-temperature stable boryl-substituted amidinato-silanone {(HCDippN)2B}{PhC(tBuN)2}Si=O (Dipp=2,6-iPr2C6H3) (together with its germanone analogue), formed from the corresponding silylene under a N2O atmosphere. This system reacts cleanly with ammonia in 1,2-fashion to give an isolable sila-hemiaminal complex {(HCDippN)2B}{PhC(tBuN)2}Si(OH)(NH2). Quantum chemical calculations reveal that the formation of this sila-hemiaminal is crucially dependent on the nature of the ancillary ligand scaffold. It is facilitated thermodynamically by the hemi-lability of the amidinate ligand (which allows for the formation of an energetically critical intramolecular N⋅⋅⋅HO hydrogen bond within the product) and is enabled mech-anistically by a process in which the silanone initially acts in umpolung fashion as a base (rather than an acid), due to the strongly electron-releasing and sterically bulky nature of the ancillary boryl ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Wang
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Agamemnon E Crumpton
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Mathias A Ellwanger
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Caitilín McManus
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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Jian W, Zhang W, Wu B, Wei X, Liang W, Zhang X, Wen F, Zhao L, Yin J, Lu K, Qiu X. Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin-Derived Porous Carbons through Ammonia Activation: Activation Mechanism and Charge Storage Mechanism. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:5425-5438. [PMID: 35050588 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The low energy density and low cost performance of electrochemical capacitors (ECs) are the principal factors that limit the wide applications of ECs. In this work, we used enzymatic hydrolysis lignin as the carbon source and an ammonia activation methodology to prepare nitrogen-doped lignin-derived porous carbon (NLPC) electrode materials with high specific surface areas. We elucidated the free radical mechanism of ammonia activation and the relationship between nitrogen doping configurations, doping levels, and preparation temperatures. Furthermore, we assembled NLPC∥NLPC symmetric ECs and NLPC∥Zn asymmetric ECs using aqueous sulfate electrolytes. Compared with the ECs using KOH aqueous electrolyte, the energy densities of NLPC∥NLPC and NLPC∥Zn ECs were significantly improved. The divergence of charge storage characteristics in KOH, Na2SO4, and ZnSO4 electrolytes were compared by analyzing their area surface capacitance. This work provides a strategy for the sustainable preparation of lignin-derived porous carbons toward ECs with high energy densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Jian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Bingchi Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Xueer Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Wanling Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Fuwang Wen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ke Lu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou510006, China
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Abbenseth J, Townrow OPE, Goicoechea JM. Thermoneutral N-H Bond Activation of Ammonia by a Geometrically Constrained Phosphine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23625-23629. [PMID: 34478227 PMCID: PMC8596738 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A geometrically constrained phosphine bearing a tridentate NNS pincer ligand is reported. The effect of the geometric constraint on the electronic structure was probed by theoretical calculations and derivatization reactions. Reactions with N−H bonds result in formation of cooperative addition products. The thermochemistry of these transformations is strongly dependent on the substrate, with ammonia activation being thermoneutral. This represents the first example of a molecular compound that reversibly activates ammonia via N−H bond scission in solution upon mild heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Abbenseth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver P E Townrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, UK
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, UK
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Robinson TP, De Rosa DM, Aldridge S, Goicoechea JM. E-H Bond Activation of Ammonia and Water by a Geometrically Constrained Phosphorus(III) Compound. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13758-63. [PMID: 26404498 PMCID: PMC4648037 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a phosphorus(III) compound bearing a N,N-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-phenoxy)amide ligand is reported. This species has been found to react with ammonia and water, activating the E–H bonds in both substrates by formal oxidative addition to afford the corresponding phosphorus(V) compounds. In the case of water, both O–H bonds can be activated, splitting the molecule into its constituent elements. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a compound based on main group elements that sequentially activates water in this manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Daniel M De Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK).
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK).
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