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Gembal M, Czerski P, Milczarczyk E, Warenik-Bany M. Levels of caesium-137 in food of animal origin in Poland. J Vet Res 2023; 67:407-414. [PMID: 37786845 PMCID: PMC10541660 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Radioactive contamination of the environment is one of the greatest threats after a nuclear accident due to released radionuclides. From a radiotoxicological point of view, the most important radionuclide is caesium-137. Formed mainly during nuclear explosions, caesium-137 can persist in the soil for many years, from where it constantly enters the food chain. One of the elements of ensuring food safety is the monitoring of its radioactive contamination, mainly with radioactive caesium isotopes. The aim of the study was to determine the content of caesium-137 in food of animal origin. Material and Methods A total of 1,416 muscle samples from cattle, sheep, pigs, game and fish, as well as chicken eggs and dairy products were examined using gamma-ray spectrometry. Results Caesium-137 activities ranged from below the minimum detectable activity concentration (MDC) to over 4,000 Bq/kg wet weight (w.w.). Most often, the values did not exceed the MDC or were in a range below 100 Bq/kg. The exception was the muscle tissue of game animals, especially wild boar, where a significant activity of caesium-137 was recorded, the highest of which was 4,136.8 ± 238 Bq/kg w.w. Committed effective doses determined for each matrix ranged from 0.01 to 0.83 µSv/kg, with the highest value determined for wild boar. Conclusion The calculated exposure doses with values well below the accepted low radiation dose (100 mSv) did not indicate any significant amounts of ionising radiation from the food consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gembal
- Radiobiology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Paweł Czerski
- Radiobiology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Ewelina Milczarczyk
- Radiobiology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Melita H, Manolis AS. Features of a Balanced Healthy Diet With Cardiovascular and Other Benefits. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2023:CVP-EPUB-130371. [PMID: 36974413 DOI: 10.2174/1570161121666230327135916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death globally. Besides lack of exercise, obesity, smoking, and other risk factors, poor nutrition and unhealthy/unbalanced diets play an important role in CVD. OBJECTIVE This review examined data on all issues of the CV-health benefits of a balanced diet, with tabulation of nutritional data and health-authority recommendations and pictorial illustration of the main features of a CV-healthy diet. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies and reviews on diet and CV health. RESULTS For a long time, there has been evidence, corroborated by recent findings, that pro-vegetarian diets have a beneficial influence on serum lipid levels, markers of inflammation and endothelial function, prooxidant-antioxidant balance, and gut microbiome, all probably contributing to reduced CV risk. Worries about the nutritional adequacy of vegetarian diets are circumvented by obtaining certain nutrients lacking or found in lower amounts in plants than in animal foods, by consuming a wide variety of healthy plant foods and through intake of oral supplements or fortified foods. Well-balanced diets, such as the Mediterranean or the Dietary-Approaches-to-Stop-Hypertension diets, provide CV-health benefits. Nevertheless, a broad variety of plant-based diets with low/minimal animal food intake may allow for the personalized and culturally adjusted application of dietary recommendations contributing to the maintenance of CV health. CONCLUSION Universal adoption of a balanced CV-healthy diet can reduce global, CV and other mortality by ~20%. This requires world-wide programs of information for and education of the public, starting with school children and expanding to all groups, sectors, and levels.
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Song Y, Cai C, Song Y, Sun X, Liu B, Xue P, Zhu M, Chai W, Wang Y, Wang C, Li M. A Comprehensive Review of Lipidomics and Its Application to Assess Food Obtained from Farm Animals. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:1-17. [PMID: 35028570 PMCID: PMC8728500 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are one of the major macronutrients essential for adequate growth and
maintenance of human health. Their structure is not only complex but also
diverse, which makes systematic and holistic analyses challenging; consequently,
little is known regarding the relationship between phenotype and mechanism of
action. In recent years, rapid advancements have been made in the fields of
lipidomics and bioinformatics. In comparison with traditional approaches, mass
spectrometry-based lipidomics can rapidly identify as well as quantify
>1,000 lipid species at the same time, facilitating comprehensive, robust
analyses of lipids in tissues, cells, and body fluids. Accordingly, lipidomics
is now being widely applied in various fields, particularly food and nutrition
science. In this review, we discuss lipid classification, extraction techniques,
and detection and analysis using lipidomics. We also cover how lipidomics is
being used to assess food obtained from livestock and poultry. The information
included herein should serve as a reference to determine how to characterize
lipids in animal food samples, enhancing our understanding of the application of
lipidomics in the field in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Song
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Changyun Cai
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yingzi Song
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Xue Sun
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Baoxiu Liu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Peng Xue
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Wenqiong Chai
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
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Lv C, Xu C, Gan J, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Cao X. Roles of Proteins/Enzymes from Animal Sources in Food Quality and Function. Foods 2021; 10:1988. [PMID: 34574100 DOI: 10.3390/foods10091988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal proteins are good sources of protein for human, due to the composition of necessary amino acids. The quality of food depends significantly on the properties of protein inside, especially the gelation, transportation, and antimicrobial properties. Interestingly, various kinds of molecules co-exist with proteins in foodstuff, and the interactions between these can significantly affect the food quality. In food processing, these interactions have been used to improve the texture, color, taste, and shelf-life of animal food by affecting the gelation, antioxidation, and antimicrobial properties of proteins. Meanwhile, the binding properties of proteins contributed to the nutritional properties of food. In this review, proteins in meat, milk, eggs, and fishery products have been summarized, and polysaccharides, polyphenols, and other functional molecules have been applied during food processing to improve the nutritional and sensory quality of food. Specific interactions between functional molecules and proteins based on the crystal structures will be highlighted with an aim to improve the food quality in the future.
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Lee Y, Nemet I, Wang Z, Lai HTM, de Oliveira Otto MC, Lemaitre RN, Fretts AM, Sotoodehnia N, Budoff M, DiDonato JA, McKnight B, Tang WHW, Psaty BM, Siscovick DS, Hazen SL, Mozaffarian D. Longitudinal Plasma Measures of Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events in Community-Based Older Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020646. [PMID: 34398665 PMCID: PMC8649305 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota‐dependent metabolite of dietary choline, L‐carnitine, and phosphatidylcholine‐rich foods. On the basis of experimental studies and patients with prevalent disease, elevated plasma TMAO may increase risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). TMAO is also renally cleared and may interact with and causally contribute to renal dysfunction. Yet, how serial TMAO levels relate to incident and recurrent ASCVD in community‐based populations and the potential mediating or modifying role of renal function are not established. Methods and Results We investigated associations of serial measures of plasma TMAO, assessed at baseline and 7 years, with incident and recurrent ASCVD in a community‐based cohort of 4131 (incident) and 1449 (recurrent) older US adults. TMAO was measured using stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (laboratory coefficient of variation, <6%). Incident ASCVD (myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, stroke, sudden cardiac death, or other atherosclerotic death) was centrally adjudicated using medical records. Risk was assessed by multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, including time‐varying demographics, lifestyle factors, medical history, laboratory measures, and dietary habits. Potential mediating effects and interaction by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were assessed. During prospective follow‐up, 1766 incident and 897 recurrent ASCVD events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, higher levels of TMAO were associated with a higher risk of incident ASCVD, with extreme quintile hazard ratio (HR) compared with the lowest quintile=1.21 (95% CI, 1.02–1.42; P‐trend=0.029). This relationship appeared mediated or confounded by eGFR (eGFR‐adjusted HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.90–1.27), as well as modified by eGFR (P‐interaction <0.001). High levels of TMAO were associated with higher incidence of ASCVD in the presence of impaired renal function (eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2: HR, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.13–2.14]; P‐trend=0.007), but not normal or mildly reduced renal function (eGFR ≥60 mL/min per 1.73 m2: HR, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.85–1.25]; P‐trend=0.668). Among individuals with prior ASCVD, TMAO associated with higher risk of recurrent ASCVD (HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.01–1.56]; P‐trend=0.009), without significant modification by eGFR. Conclusions In this large community‐based cohort of older US adults, serial measures of TMAO were associated with higher risk of incident ASCVD, with apparent modification by presence of impaired renal function and with higher risk of recurrent ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition Myongji University Yongin Korea.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts University Boston MA
| | - Ina Nemet
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute Cleveland OH.,Center for Microbiome and Human Health Cleveland OH
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute Cleveland OH.,Center for Microbiome and Human Health Cleveland OH
| | - Heidi T M Lai
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London UK
| | - Marcia C de Oliveira Otto
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences School of Public Health The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) Houston TX
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Health Research UnitUniversity of Washington Seattle WA
| | - Amanda M Fretts
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Health Research UnitUniversity of Washington Seattle WA.,Department of Epidemiology University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Health Research UnitUniversity of Washington Seattle WA.,Department of Epidemiology University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Department of Medicine Lundquist InstituteHarbor UCLA Medical Center Torrance CA
| | - Joseph A DiDonato
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute Cleveland OH.,Center for Microbiome and Human Health Cleveland OH
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Health Research UnitUniversity of Washington Seattle WA.,Department of Biostatistics University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute Cleveland OH.,Center for Microbiome and Human Health Cleveland OH.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Heart Vascular & Thoracic InstituteCleveland Clinic Cleveland OH
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Health Research UnitUniversity of Washington Seattle WA.,Department of Epidemiology University of Washington Seattle WA.,Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute Seattle WA
| | | | - Stanley L Hazen
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health Cleveland OH.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Heart Vascular & Thoracic InstituteCleveland Clinic Cleveland OH
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Zhang Y, Zhai Q, Zheng Y, Wang L, Wang Y, Wang X, Pan Y, Wang Y, Huang L, Tao Y. Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on carbon nanotubes for determination of sulfamethoxazole, acetyl sulfamethoxazole and aditoprim residues in edible swine tissues with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1364-1375. [PMID: 34097576 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1916096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulphonamides (SAs) are widely used in animal husbandry. In our work, based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes, a novel residue method was developed for highly sensitive and determination trace levels of sulfamethoxazole, acetyl sulfamethoxazole and aditoprim in edible swine tissues by LC-MS/MS with magnetic solid-phase extraction. The samples were extracted using 2% ammoniated acetonitrile and purified by magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE). Under the optimal conditions, good linearity was obtained ranging from 5 to 160 μg kg-1. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 2 μg kg-1 and 5 μg kg-1 respectively. The average recoveries were 73.9-94.8% at different spiking levels. The inter-day RSDs were 6.2-10.7% and the intra-day RSDs were 2.4-5.4%. MSPE based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes was a simple and efficient method to enrich and separate the analyses and could be successfully applied for extraction of sulfamethoxazole, acetyl sulfamethoxazole and aditoprim residues in swine tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qianqian Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingge Zheng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuke Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yulian Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfei Tao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Fan S, Zhang N, Li L, Liu W, Wu G, Zhao R. [Determination of α_2-agonists in animal food by ultra high performance liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometry]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2020; 49:591-602. [PMID: 32928350 DOI: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish an analytical method for determination of 6 kinds of α_2-agonists in animal foods by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS). METHODS The samples of animal food were enzymatic hydrolysis by β-glucosidase/arylsulfatase, purified by MCX column. The separation was performed on a Dikma leapsil C_(18) column(2. 1 mm×100 mm, 2. 7 μm), then the target compound were detected by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electron spray ionization(ESI) positive ion scan in mode of multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) and quantified by matrix matched external standard method. RESULTS At the spiked level of 1, 2 and 4 μg/kg, the recoveries of each compound were in the range of 70. 4%-111. 2% with the relative standard deviations of 2. 3%-18. 8%. The qualitative limits of detections were 0. 06-0. 3 μg/kg and the quantitative limits were 0. 2-1. 0 μg/kg for the 6 targets compounds. By using the established method, the target compound in 30 samples including pork, pig liver, pig kidney, beef and mutton were detected, and no excessive veterinary drug residue were detected. CONCLUSION The established method is simple, rapid, high sensitivity and good stability, with a wide variety and a certain development. It can provide more convenient and fast detection method support for the daily monitoring of veterinary drug residues in animal food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Fan
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Liping Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Guohua Wu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
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Muckey M, Huss AR, Yoder A, Jones C. Research Note: Evaluating the roles of surface sanitation and feed sequencing on mitigating Salmonella Enteritidis contamination on animal food manufacturing equipment. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3841-3845. [PMID: 32731970 PMCID: PMC7597915 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of flushing surfaces with untreated feed vs. the use of 2 different dry chemical sanitizers on residual surface and feed Salmonella Enteritidis contamination. First, a Salmonella-negative batch of poultry feed was mixed in 9 laboratory-scale paddle mixers. A feed sample was collected, and targeted locations on surfaces within the mixer were swabbed to confirm Salmonella-negative. Next, a Salmonella-positive batch of poultry feed was mixed, sampled, and mixer surfaces swabbed. Mean Salmonella Enteritidis contamination across all 9 mixers were 3.63 cfu/g for sampled feed and 1.27 cfu/cm2 for surface contamination. Next, the mixers manufactured one of the following treatments (3 mixers/treatment): 1) none (control); 2) a commercially available essential oil blend; or 3) rice hulls treated with a 10% concentration of a propriety blend of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA). After each treatment, each mixer manufactured another 2 batches of Salmonella-free feed (sequence 1 and sequence 2). Feed samples were collected, and surfaces were swabbed between each batch of feed. Manufacturing sequence (P < 0.0001) but not treatment (P > 0.05) impacted feed or surface contamination of Salmonella Enteritidis. There was Salmonella-positive residue in the batch of feed manufactured immediately after the positive control batch. However, no Salmonella residue was detected in batches of feed treated with either the commercial essential oil blend or MCFA. Low levels of Salmonella residue were observed from either feed (0.7 cfu/g for commercial essential oil blend) or surfaces (0.1 cfu/cm2 for MCFA) manufactured in sequence 1, but no residue was observed in sequence 2. These data suggest that sequencing of feed during manufacturing reduces Salmonella-positive contamination within animal food and on manufacturing surfaces, particularly after the second batch or with the use of chemical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Muckey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Anne R Huss
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ashton Yoder
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Cassandra Jones
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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Ge B, Domesle KJ, Gaines SA, Lam C, Bodeis Jones SM, Yang Q, Ayers SL, McDermott PF. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Indicator Organisms Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. Isolated from U.S. Animal Food, 2005-2011. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1048. [PMID: 32679763 PMCID: PMC7409216 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role animal food plays in the introduction of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria into the human food chain is not well understood. We conducted an analysis of 1025 samples (647 pet food and 378 animal feed) collected across the United States during 2005-2011 for two indicator organisms (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp.). The overall prevalence ranged from 12.5% for E. coli to 45.2% for Enterococcus spp., and 11.2% of samples harbored both organisms. Regardless of bacterial genus, animal feed had significantly higher prevalence than pet food (p < 0.001). A general downward trend in prevalence was observed from 2005 to 2009 followed by an upward trend thereafter. Among E. coli isolates (n = 241), resistance was highest to tetracycline (11.2%) and below 5% for fourteen other antimicrobials. Among Enterococcus spp. isolates (n = 1074), Enterococcus faecium (95.1%) was the predominant species. Resistance was most common to tetracycline (30.1%) and ciprofloxacin (10.7%), but below 10% for thirteen other antimicrobials. Multidrug-resistant organisms were observed among both E. coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates at 3.3%. Compared to National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) 2011 retail meat and animal data, the overall resistance for both organisms was much lower in animal food. These findings help establish a historic baseline for the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance among U.S. animal food products and future efforts may be needed to monitor changes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Ge
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (K.J.D.); (S.A.G.); (C.L.); (S.M.B.J.); (Q.Y.); (S.L.A.); (P.F.M.)
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Magkos F, Tetens I, Bügel SG, Felby C, Schacht SR, Hill JO, Ravussin E, Astrup A. A Perspective on the Transition to Plant-Based Diets: a Diet Change May Attenuate Climate Change, but Can It Also Attenuate Obesity and Chronic Disease Risk? Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1-9. [PMID: 31504086 PMCID: PMC7442415 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current dietary guidelines advocate more plant-based, sustainable diets on the basis of scientific evidence about diet-health relations but also to address environmental concerns. Here, we critically review the effects of plant-based diets on the prevalence of obesity and other health outcomes. Plant-based diets per se have limited efficacy for the prevention and treatment of obesity, but most have beneficial effects in terms of chronic disease risk. However, with the considerable possibilities of translating plant-based diets into various types of dietary patterns, our analysis suggests that potential adverse health effects should also be considered in relation to vulnerable groups of the population. A transition to more plant-based diets may exert beneficial effects on the environment, but is unlikely to affect obesity, and may also have adverse health effects if this change is made without careful consideration of the nutritional needs of the individual relative to the adequacy of the dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Address correspondence to FM (E-mail: )
| | - Inge Tetens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Gjedsted Bügel
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Felby
- Section for Forest, Nature, and Biomass, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Rønnow Schacht
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James O Hill
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Baloch Z, Lv L, Yi L, Wan M, Aslam B, Yang J, Liu JH. Emergence of Almost Identical F36:A-:B32 Plasmids Carrying bla NDM-5 and qepA in Escherichia coli from Both Pakistan and Canada. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:3981-3985. [PMID: 31920350 PMCID: PMC6941701 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s236766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) producing Enterobacteriaceae is spreading worldwide. Although the blaNDM gene has been identified in animal associated Enterobacteriaceae isolates in many countries, little is known about its occurrence in animal products in Pakistan. In this study, 13 Escherichia coli isolates were collected from chicken meat samples in Pakistan. Two isolates, 15978 and C4109, exhibited reduced susceptibility (MIC ≥1 μg/mL) to imipenem, and carried blaNDM-5 and blaNDM-7 gene, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing and Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing revealed that 15978 and C4109 belonged to ST156 and ST167, respectively. blaNDM-7 was carried by an IncX3 plasmid that has disseminated worldwide, whereas blaNDM-5 was located on an F36: A-: B32 plasmid, which shared high identity with two plasmids carried by E. coli isolates from other countries (one from a patient in Canada). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report characterizing blaNDM-carrying plasmids from chicken meat samples in Pakistan. The dissemination of almost identical blaNDM-5-bearing F36:A-:B32 and blaNDM-7-bearing IncX3 plasmids in different countries highlights the importance of international trade and travel in the spread of antimicrobial resistance strains and plasmids worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulqarnain Baloch
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Luchao Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxian Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Government College University, Faisalabad 54000, Pakistan
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND While porcine biological hazards have had the potential to be transmitted through feed and feed mills for decades, the emerging threat of foreign animal disease has elevated the concern that these may enter or be transmitted throughout the domestic swine herd via a feed vehicle. OBJECTIVE The goal of this review was to describe the current classification for emerging porcine biological pathogen transmission through the feed supply chain so resources can be best directed towards those of highest risk. METHODS By assessing the pathogen severity to pigs and the probability of pathogen transmission through feed, an overall risk can be established using a hazard analysis matrix. RESULTS There is negligible risk for feed-based transmission of a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, Trichinella spiralis, Toxoplasma gondii, Salmonella Choleraesuis, Salmonella spp. except Choleraesuis and I 4,[5],12:i:-, porcine deltacoronavirus, Senecavirus A, mammalian orthoreovirus 3, foot and mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus or Chinese pseudorabies virus. However, the combined severity and probability of Salmonella enterica serotype I 4,[5],12:i:-, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus and African swine fever virus warrant a moderate risk characterization for transmission through the US feed supply chain. CONCLUSIONS This risk can be maintained below critical status by minimizing the likelihood that a pathogen can enter the feed supply chain, such as by excluding high-risk ingredients from facilities, extending biosecurity to mills, and considering proactive mitigation strategies. In reality, all these actions may be necessary to prevent the detrimental transmission of porcine biological hazards into the US swine herd through the feed supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra K Jones
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jason Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Steve S Dritz
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Chad B Paulk
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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13
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Colombo R, Papetti A. Advances in the Analysis of Veterinary Drug Residues in Food Matrices by Capillary Electrophoresis Techniques. Molecules 2019; 24:E4617. [PMID: 31861089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, the European Commission has adopted restrictive directives on food quality and safety in order to protect animal and human health. Veterinary drugs represent an important risk and the need to have sensitive and fast analytical techniques to detect and quantify them has become mandatory. Over the years, the availability of different modes, interfaces, and formats has improved the versatility, sensitivity, and speed of capillary electrophoresis (CE) techniques. Thus, CE represents a powerful tool for the analysis of a large variety of food matrices and food-related molecules with important applications in food quality and safety. This review focuses the attention of CE applications over the last decade on the detection of different classes of drugs (used as additives in animal food or present as contaminants in food products) with a potential risk for animal and human health. In addition, considering that the different sample preparation procedures have strongly contributed to CE sensitivity and versatility, the most advanced sample pre-concentration techniques are discussed here.
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14
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Ge B, Domesle KJ, Yang Q, Hammack TS, Wang SS, Deng X, Hu L, Zhang G, Hu Y, Lai X, Chou KX, Dollete JR, Hirneisen KA, La SP, Richter RS, Rai DR, Yousefvand AA, Park PK, Wu CH, Eames T, Kiang D, Sheng J, Wu D, Hahn L, Ledger L, Logie C, You Q, Slavic D, Cai H, Ayers SL, Young SR, Pamboukian R. Multi-Laboratory Validation of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Screening Salmonella in Animal Food. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:562. [PMID: 30984125 PMCID: PMC6447708 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has gained wide popularity in the detection of Salmonella in foods owing to its simplicity, rapidity, and robustness. This multi-laboratory validation (MLV) study aimed to validate a Salmonella LAMP-based method against the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) Chapter 5 Salmonella reference method in a representative animal food matrix (dry dog food). Fourteen independent collaborators from seven laboratories in the United States and Canada participated in the study. Each collaborator received two sets of 24 blind-coded dry dog food samples (eight uninoculated; eight inoculated at a low level, 0.65 MPN/25 g; and eight inoculated at a high level, 3.01 MPN/25 g) and initiated the testing on the same day. The MLV study used an unpaired design where different test portions were analyzed by the LAMP and BAM methods using different preenrichment protocols (buffered peptone water for LAMP and lactose broth for BAM). All LAMP samples were confirmed by culture using the BAM method. BAM samples were also tested by LAMP following lactose broth preenrichment (paired samples). Statistical analysis was carried out by the probability of detection (POD) per AOAC guidelines and by a random intercept logistic regression model. Overall, no significant differences in POD between the Salmonella LAMP and BAM methods were observed with either unpaired or paired samples, indicating the methods were comparable. LAMP testing following preenrichment in buffered peptone water or lactose broth also resulted in insignificant POD differences (P > 0.05). The MLV study strongly supports the utility and applicability of this rapid and reliable LAMP method in routine regulatory screening of Salmonella in animal food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Ge
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Kelly J. Domesle
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Qianru Yang
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Thomas S. Hammack
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Shizhen S. Wang
- Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Xiaohong Deng
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Lijun Hu
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Yuan Hu
- Northeast Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jamaica, NY, United States
| | - Xiaokuang Lai
- Northeast Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jamaica, NY, United States
| | - Kyson X. Chou
- Pacific Southwest Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jan Ryan Dollete
- Pacific Southwest Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kirsten A. Hirneisen
- Pacific Southwest Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sammie P. La
- Pacific Southwest Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Richelle S. Richter
- Pacific Southwest Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Diyo R. Rai
- San Francisco Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Alameda, CA, United States
| | - Azadeh A. Yousefvand
- San Francisco Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Alameda, CA, United States
| | - Paul K. Park
- Food and Drug Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States
| | - Cindy H. Wu
- Food and Drug Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States
| | - Tameji Eames
- Food and Drug Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States
| | - David Kiang
- Food and Drug Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States
| | - Ju Sheng
- Office of Indiana State Chemist, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Dancia Wu
- Office of Indiana State Chemist, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Lori Hahn
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Ledger
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia Logie
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Qiu You
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Durda Slavic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Hugh Cai
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sherry L. Ayers
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Shenia R. Young
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Ruiqing Pamboukian
- Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, United States
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15
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Haskins CP, Henderson G, Champ CE. Meat, eggs, full-fat dairy, and nutritional boogeymen: Does the way in which animals are raised affect health differently in humans? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2709-2719. [PMID: 29672133 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1465888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Food recommendations to improve cancer prevention are generally based on epidemiologic data and remain inconsistent. These epidemiologic studies, while controversial, have generally produced results that caution against the consumption of high-fat foods, including eggs, red meat, and full-fat dairy, such as butter and cheese. Yet, limited data exist assessing the quality of individual sources of these foods and the effect each has after its consumption. This study set out to assess the impact sources of food within the same groups from animals raised differently on variables associated with health in human studies. Methods and Materials: A search was conducted through MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed. In total, twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria, measuring physiologic changes in humans after consuming animal products following animal diet manipulation. A meta-analysis was attempted to assess the differences between the cohorts in these studies, but was aborted due to poor study quality, vast differences in study design, and a limited number of studies. Results: Studies varied by animal, animal diet manipulation, food product, and overall design. Significant differences were present between groups eating the same food (cheese, beef, eggs, and butter) from animals raised differently, including levels of: conjugated linoleic acid, omega-3 fatty acids (alpha linoleic acid [ALA], docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], and eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]), and inflammatory factors (triacyl glycerol [TAG], interleukin-6 [IL-6], interleukin-8 [IL-8], tumor necrosis factor [TNF], and C-reactive protein [CRP]). Lipid levels were minimally affected. Conclusions: This work highlights differences in human health markers after consumption of the same foods from animals raised differently. Overall, lipid levels remained relatively neutral, but significant changes in inflammatory and other serum markers and phospholipids were present. Future studies and dietary recommendations should consider how animals are raised, as this can produce different effects on health markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Henderson
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Colin E Champ
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , United States
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16
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Colombo FM, Cattaneo P, Bernardi C. Selected results of DNA-based species identification on animal foods. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:2437-2439. [PMID: 28981165 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal food species identification by DNA sequencing has been increasing in recent years. During the last 10 years our species identification laboratory (LIS) produced nearly 1500 sequences from DNA of food species by means of polymerase chain reaction product sequencing. In this paper we desire to make public the LIS output of the last 10 years; that is, summarizing food species authentication projects that yielded good-quality (i.e. provided by Genbank accession number) DNA sequences. RESULTS Thirteen project clusters yielded n = 705 sequences with accession number. CONCLUSION The most relevant characteristics from the aforementioned project clusters were summarized. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio M Colombo
- Università Degli Studi di Milano, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cattaneo
- Università Degli Studi di Milano, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Bernardi
- Università Degli Studi di Milano, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Milan, Italy
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