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Knight DRT, Bruno KA, Singh A, Munipalli B, Gajarawala S, Solomon M, Kocsis SC, Darakjian AA, Jain A, Whelan ER, Kotha A, Gorelov DJ, Phillips SD, Fairweather D. Cardiac defects of hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorders: a retrospective cohort study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1332508. [PMID: 38562189 PMCID: PMC10982405 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1332508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Defective connective tissue structure may cause individuals with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) or hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) to develop cardiac defects. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of adult patients treated in the EDS Clinic from November 1, 2019, to June 20, 2022 to identify those with cardiac defects. Echocardiogram data were collected using a data collection service. All EDS Clinic patients were evaluated by a single physician and diagnosed according to the 2017 EDS diagnostic criteria. Patient demographic, family and cardiac history were extracted from self-reported responses from a REDCap clinical intake questionnaire. Patients with at least 1 available echocardiogram (ECHO) were selected for the study (n = 568). Results The prevalence of aortic root dilation in patients with hEDS was 2.7% and for HSD was 0.6%, with larger measurements for males than females and with age. Based on self-reported cardiac history that was verified from the medical record, patients with hEDS with bradycardia (p = 0.034) or brain aneurysm (p = 0.015) had a significantly larger average adult aortic root z-score. In contrast, patients with HSD that self-reported dysautonomia (p = 0.019) had a significantly larger average aortic root z-score. The prevalence of diagnosed mitral valve prolapse in patients with hEDS was 3.5% and HSD was 1.8%. Variants of uncertain significance were identified in 16 of 84 patients that received genetic testing based on family history. Conclusions These data reveal a low prevalence of cardiac defects in a large cohort of well-characterized hEDS and HSD patients. Differences in cardiovascular issues were not observed between patients with hEDS vs. HSD; and our findings suggest that cardiac defects in patients with hEDS or HSD are similar to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacre R. T. Knight
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Katelyn A. Bruno
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ayush Singh
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Bala Munipalli
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Shilpa Gajarawala
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Mahima Solomon
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - S. Christian Kocsis
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Ashley A. Darakjian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Angita Jain
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Emily R. Whelan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Archana Kotha
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - David J. Gorelov
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Sabrina D. Phillips
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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2
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Bhagwatkar SS, Yadav V, Ankar P, Arya N. Graded Mobilization With Pacing Technique for Functional Mobility in a Preoperative Marfan Syndrome Case of Aortic Root Dilation: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e54591. [PMID: 38524030 PMCID: PMC10959463 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) presents complex cardiovascular manifestations and challenges in management due to its impact on multiple body systems. This case study examines the clinical profile, diagnostic findings, and physiotherapy intervention for a 57-year-old male with MFS who experienced severe aortic and mitral valvular complications. The patient's admission was marked by fatigue, reduced mobility, breathlessness, and a confirmed diagnosis of MFS. Cardiac evaluation revealed severe regurgitation and aortic root dilation. The patient's symptoms were exhaustion, giddiness, dyspnea, and decreased mobility. The objective of this case study was to describe the impact of graded mobilization and pacing techniques in maximizing functional mobility and alleviating symptoms associated with aortic regurgitation and aortic root dilatation through an extensive physiotherapy program. Exercises addressing dyspnea, lung capacity, posture, functional mobility, and fatigue reduction were included in the physiotherapy intervention. The rehabilitation outcome showed a notable shift of score from 3 to 0.5 on the Borg scale of dyspnea, indicating enhanced functional capacity and improved quality of life. Post-rehabilitation, the patient exhibited significant progress in the two-minute walk test. This case highlights the importance of tailored interventions in managing MFS-related cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawari S Bhagwatkar
- Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Vaishnavi Yadav
- Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Prajyot Ankar
- Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Neha Arya
- Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Nakajima T, Iba Y, Naraoka S, Shibata T, Sugita S, Kawaharada N. Scattered Media Elastic Fibers from the Aortic Root to the Ascending Aorta in a 30-Year-Old Marfan Syndrome Patient. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 30:22-00044. [PMID: 35584950 PMCID: PMC10851445 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.cr.22-00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case report of a 30-year-old Marfan syndrome patient who underwent a David procedure for severe aortic valve insufficiency and Valsalva aneurysm. Harvested aortic walls were examined by pathologists. Although the tunica media of the ascending aorta contained aligned elastic fibers, the aortic root media lacked aligned elastic fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yutaka Iba
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Syuichi Naraoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shibata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sugita
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kawaharada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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4
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Lu L, Guo Q, Cui Z. Aorta Dilatation in Unrepaired Tetralogy of Fallot. Cureus 2023; 15:e49212. [PMID: 38143655 PMCID: PMC10739170 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aortic root dilation is an increasingly recognized feature in repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients. However, the dilation at the aortic root and ascending aorta in unrepaired TOF is rarely studied. This study aims to confirm whether aortic dilation is a common feature in unrepaired TOF and investigate the factors attributed to aortic dilation. Methodology Patients with an echocardiographic diagnosis of TOF undergoing computed tomography angiography were retrospectively studied. Diameters and z scores of aortic annular (Ao1), aortic sinotubular junction (Ao2), ascending aorta (Ao3), and distal transverse aortic arch (Ao4) were measured. Preoperative body surface area (BSA), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), and platelet (PLT) count were recorded. Results A total of 101 TOF patients aged 6.8 ± 9.5 years were included in this study, whose mean BSA (m2), Hb (g/L), HCT, SaO2 (%), and PLT (109/L) were 0.7 ± 0.4, 162.1 ± 3.8, 0.5 ± 0.1, 85.1 ± 9.3, and 238.1 ± 101.1, respectively. The mean z score of Ao1, Ao2, Ao3, and Ao4 were 10.3 ± 3.5, 4.7 ± 2.9, 4.0 ± 2.7, and 4.1 ± 2.4, respectively. Age and BSA were positively correlated with the z scores of Ao1 and Ao2. Preoperative Hb and HCT were positively correlated with the z scores of Ao1, Ao2, Ao3, and Ao4. Preoperative SaO2 and PLT were negatively correlated with the z scores of Ao1, Ao2, Ao3, and Ao4. Conclusions Aortic dilation is common in unrepaired TOF patients. The dilation of different levels of the aorta was correlated with age, BSA, preoperative Hb, HCT, SaO2, and PLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Seventh Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, CHN
| | - Qingxu Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Seventh Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, CHN
| | - Zhentian Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Seventh Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, CHN
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5
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Cangut B, Greason KL, Todd A, Arghami A, Krishnan P, Crestanello JA, Stulak JM, Dearani JA, Schaff HV. Aortic root replacement in the setting of a mildly dilated nonsyndromic ascending aorta. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 166:983-993. [PMID: 35863966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is controversy on how to address mild aortic root dilation during concomitant aortic valve replacement: composite aortic valve conduit replacement or separate ascending aorta and aortic valve replacement. We reviewed our experience to address the issue. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 778 adult nonsyndromic patients with aortic root diameter 55 mm or less who received replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve from January 1994 to June 2017. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the type of aortic root intervention: composite aortic valve conduit replacement in 406 patients (52%) and separate ascending aorta and aortic valve replacement in 372 patients (48%). Propensity matching was used to mitigate differences in baseline patient characteristics and produced 188 matched pairs. RESULTS Sinus of Valsalva diameter was 43 mm (39-47). Operative mortality occurred in 3 patients (2%) in the composite aortic valve conduit replacement group and in 5 patients (3%) in the separate ascending aorta and aortic valve replacement group (P = .470). Median follow-up was 9.6 years (8.4-10.1). Long-term mortality was similar in the 2 groups (P = .083). Repeat operation was performed in 13 patients (7%) in the composite aortic valve conduit replacement group and in 19 patients (10%) in the separate ascending aorta and aortic valve replacement group (P = .365). Sinus of Valsalva diameter decreased 2 mm (-4-0; median follow-up 41 months) in the propensity-matched separate ascending aorta and aortic valve replacement group. CONCLUSIONS In patients with mild aortic root dilation, separate ascending aorta and aortic valve replacement results in a similar risk of repeat operation and mortality in comparison with composite aortic valve replacement. Separate ascending aorta and aortic valve replacement is not associated with subsequent aortic root dilation on medium-term echocardiography follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Cangut
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Kevin L Greason
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
| | - Austin Todd
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Arman Arghami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Prasad Krishnan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | | | - John M Stulak
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Joseph A Dearani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
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6
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D'Angelo L, Parent AS, Derwael C, Hustinx R, Seghaye MC. Unusual Cardiac Manifestations of a Pheochromocytoma in a Girl. Pediatr Rep 2023; 15:237-244. [PMID: 36976726 PMCID: PMC10056940 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the case of an 11-year-old girl who complained about severe asthenia, orthostatic dizziness and abdominal pain for 4 weeks. The primary investigation concluded on febrile urinary tract infection treated by antibiotics. Symptom persistence prompted cardiological and endocrinological investigations. A fluctuation in blood pressure, long QT interval, dilation of the aortic root and left ventricular hypertrophy were documented. Elevated levels of urinary catecholamines together with the presence of a right-sided adrenal mass shown via abdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging were highly suggestive of a pheochromocytoma. This was confirmed by through iodine-123-metaiodobenzylguathdine ([123I]-mIBG) scintigraphy. Genetic analysis allowed for the exclusion of pathogenic mutations in genes implicated in hereditary paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas but showed a rare somatic mutation in exon 3 of the von Hippel-Lindau gene. The patient was treated with a β-blocker and calcium channel antagonist and underwent laparoscopic right-sided adrenalectomy. Cardiac manifestations resolved soon after surgery indicating that they were secondary to the pheochromocytoma. After 5 years of follow-up, the patient remains asymptomatic without any sign of tumor recurrence. The presence of aortic root dilation, a prolonged QT-interval and left ventricular hypertrophy may be early cardiac manifestations of a pheochromocytoma in a child and should prompt this diagnosis to be evoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa D'Angelo
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Céline Derwael
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Oncological Imaging, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Roland Hustinx
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Oncological Imaging, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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7
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Komarov R, Ismailbaev A, Simonyan A, Ermetov I, Ivashov I. Left thoracotomy approach for aortic root surgery. Cardiovasc J Afr 2023; 34:55-58. [PMID: 35789242 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2022-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease of connective tissue affecting approximately one in 5 000 people. However, the majority of patients (60-80%) with Marfan syndrome have some degree of aortic root dilation or thoracic aortic aneurysm that can lead to aortic dissection and rupture, which has long been recognised as the leading cause of death in Marfan syndrome. The funnel breast (pectus excavatum), often seen in patients with Marfan syndrome, radically complicates the access during aortic root or arch interventions, forcing cardiosurgery practitioners to seek alternative approaches. We present a series of clinical observations of two patients with Marfan syndrome and aneurysm of the aortic root and ascending aorta. A left-sided thoracotomy provides the possibility of successful implementation of extensive surgical interventions, decreasing the risks of intra-operative damage to the cardiac structures adjacent to the sternum in this complex cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Komarov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ashot Simonyan
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inoyat Ermetov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Ivashov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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8
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Putotto C, Pulvirenti F, Pugnaloni F, Isufi I, Unolt M, Anaclerio S, Caputo V, Bernardini L, Messina E, Moretti C, Tarani L, Marino B, Versacci P. Clinical Risk Factors for Aortic Root Dilation in Patients with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Longitudinal Single-Center Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13. [PMID: 36553601 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic root dilation (ARD) has been described in 22q11.2DS, even without congenital heart disease (CHD). However, the clinical implications and longitudinal course are unclear. In this study, we evaluated aortic root (AR) dimensions in 22q112.DS adolescents/adults without major intracardiac CHDs, analyzed the progression over time and investigated correlations with extracardiac comorbidities. METHODS AR dimensions were evaluated in 74 patients, measuring the sinus of Valsalva (VS) and proximal ascending aorta (AA), using Z-score to define mild, moderate and severe degrees. Changes in AR dimensions during longitudinal echocardiographic follow-up were investigated. Phenotypic characteristics have been collected. RESULTS Twenty-four patients (32.4%) showed ARD in terms of VS Z-score (2.43; IQR 2.08-3.01), eight (33.3%) of a moderate/severe degree. Thirteen (54.2%) had concomitant AAD (Z-score 2.34; IQR 1.60-2.85). The risk of ARD was significantly directly related to skeletal/connective tissue disorders (OR 12.82, 95% CI 1.43-115.31; p = 0.023) and inversely related to BMI (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.97; p = 0.011). A significant increase in AR diameter's absolute value (p = 0.001) over time has been detected. CONCLUSION Isolated ARD is common in 22q11.2DS. Although some clinical risk factors have been identified, pathogenetic mechanisms and risk of complications are undefined. Regular cardiac evaluations should be part of the 22q11.2DS follow-up, and also in non-CHDs patients, to improve long-term outcome.
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9
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Rutten DWE, Aarts-Janssen IJH, Kempers MJE, Reimer AG, Udink Ten Cate FEA, Loeys BL, Slieker MG. Comparability of different Z-score equations for aortic root dimensions in children with Marfan syndrome. Cardiol Young 2021; 31:1962-8. [PMID: 33843540 DOI: 10.1017/S1047951121001311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic root dilation is a major complication of Marfan syndrome and is one of the most important criteria in establishing the diagnosis. Currently, different echocardiographic nomograms are used to calculate aortic root Z-scores. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential differences in aortic root measurements when aortic root Z-scores were obtained in a cohort of paediatric Marfan patients using several published nomograms. METHODS In a cohort of 100 children with Marfan syndrome, Z-scores for aortic root dimensions were calculated according to the nomograms of Pettersen et al, Gautier et al, Colan et al, and Lopez et al. Bland-Altman plots were used to estimate mean differences in Z-scores and to establish limits of agreement. RESULTS The mean Z-score of the sinus of Valsalva for Lopez et al was significantly higher compared to Gautier et al (p < 0.01) and Pettersen et al (p = 0.03). The nomogram of Lopez et al resulted in substantially higher Z-scores in patients with a large sinus of Valsalva diameter. Thirty-five percentage of the studied patients would have a Z-score ≥ 2 using Lopez et al compared to 20% for Pettersen et al, 21% for Gautier et al, and 33% for Colan et al. CONCLUSION The currently available nomograms for calculating Z-scores of aortic dilation in children with Marfan syndrome lead to clinically relevant differences in Z-scores, especially in children with a relative large aortic root diameter. This could have impact on both the diagnosis and treatment of patients with Marfan syndrome.
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10
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Arbustini E, Narula N. Aortic Smooth Muscle Detraining in Continuous Flow LVAD: Out of Practice. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:1796-1799. [PMID: 34711338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Arbustini
- Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Navneet Narula
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Han J, Okonkwo EK, Attar N. Concurrent Large Pericardial Cyst with Giant Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm-Presentation and Natural Evolution. Eurasian J Med 2021; 53:235-236. [PMID: 35110103 PMCID: PMC9879216 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2021.20172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first case of a patient with large pericardial cyst occurring concurrently with a very large thoracic aortic aneurysm. There have been no patients reported in the literature with this constellation of syndromes. Additionally, this case was followed through a period of 4 years, enabling the natural evolution of both pathologies to be visualised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Han
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster, United Kingdom,Correspondence to: Jennie Han
| | | | - Nadeem Attar
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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12
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Hildebrandt CC, Patel N, Graham JM, Bamshad M, Nickerson DA, White JJ, Marvin CT, Miller DE, Grand KL, Sanchez-Lara PA, Schweitzer D, Al-Zaidan HI, Al Masseri Z, Alkuraya FS, Lin AE. Further delineation of van den Ende-Gupta syndrome: Genetic heterogeneity and overlap with congenital heart defects and skeletal malformations syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2136-2149. [PMID: 33783941 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Van den Ende-Gupta syndrome (VDEGS) is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by distinctive facial and skeletal features, and in most affected persons, by biallelic pathogenic variants in SCARF2. We review the type and frequency of the clinical features in 36 reported individuals with features of VDEGS, 15 (42%) of whom had known pathogenic variants in SCARF2, 6 (16%) with negative SCARF2 testing, and 15 (42%) not tested. We also report three new individuals with pathogenic variants in SCARF2 and clinical features of VDEGS. Of the six persons without known pathogenic variants in SCARF2, three remain unsolved despite extensive genetic testing. Three were found to have pathogenic ABL1 variants using whole exome sequencing (WES) or whole genome sequencing (WGS). Their phenotype was consistent with the congenital heart disease and skeletal malformations syndrome (CHDSKM), which has been associated with ABL1 variants. Of the three unsolved cases, two were brothers who underwent WGS and targeted long-range sequencing of both SCARF2 and ABL1, and the third person who underwent WES and RNA sequencing for SCARF2. Because these affected individuals with classical features of VDEGS lacked a detectable pathogenic SCARF2 variant, genetic heterogeneity is likely. Our study shows the importance of performing genetic testing on individuals with the VDEGS "phenotype," either as a targeted gene analysis (SCARF2, ABL1) or WES/WGS. Additionally, individuals with the combination of arachnodactyly and blepharophimosis should undergo echocardiography while awaiting results of molecular testing due to the overlapping physical features of VDEGS and CHDSKM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara C Hildebrandt
- Genetics Unit, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Massachusetts, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital Medical Biochemical Fellowship, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nisha Patel
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - John M Graham
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Bamshad
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Colby T Marvin
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Danny E Miller
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Katheryn L Grand
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pedro A Sanchez-Lara
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniela Schweitzer
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hamad I Al-Zaidan
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Al Masseri
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angela E Lin
- Genetics Unit, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Russo ML, Gandhi M, Al-Kouatly HB, Morris SA. Prenatal ultrasound features of Loeys-Dietz syndrome Type 4. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 57:504-506. [PMID: 32119163 PMCID: PMC8274625 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M L Russo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - M Gandhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Pavilion for Women and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H B Al-Kouatly
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S A Morris
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Patients with a known genetic cause of aortic root dilation usually have a single underlying aetiology, either a single gene defect as in Marfan syndrome or chromosomal anomaly as in Turner syndrome. However, it is possible, although unlikely, for a patient to inherit multiple independent risk factors for aortic root dilation. We describe such a patient, who inherited Marfan syndrome and a very unusual form of mosaic Turner syndrome. Long-term follow-up of this patient may provide insight into the natural history of this unique genetic combination.
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Goitom B, Thom D, Emerson D, Henderson L, Grant JD, D'Attellis N. Aortic Root Dilation and Testosterone Use: Are They Associated? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34:3395-3397. [PMID: 32507461 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aortic root dilation and thoracic aortic aneurysms are relatively rare in young and healthy patient populations. However, a number of observed incidental cases regarding young males and testosterone use raises suspicion of a potential risk factor for aortic root dilation. The authors' patient, a healthy 40-year-old man with a significant history of testosterone use who developed a massively dilated aortic root, is sufficiently alarming to report. Notwithstanding anecdotal cases, there exists a well-known association between elite strength athletes and aortic root dilation. Nevertheless, very little clinical research exists on the relationship between testosterone use and aortic root dilation and/or thoracic aortic aneurysms. Furthermore, a small number of animal studies showed a relationship between testosterone and vascular dilation, particularly the aorta. Although testosterone may play a role in the development of aortic pathologies, further research is necessary to clarify the possible relationship if cases such as these are to be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyam Goitom
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI
| | - DeSean Thom
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dominic Emerson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Luke Henderson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - James D Grant
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nicola D'Attellis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
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Abstract
Outpatient management of patients with structurally or functionally abnormal cardiac valves combines an ability to record an appropriate history, a directed physical examination, a knowledge of both the interpretation as well as the context of any associated testing, and an understanding of the care guidelines in the medical literature. This article attempts to integrate these various features to guide the clinician towards more appropriate and timely management of patients with cardiac valve disease.
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