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Sala Frigerio C, Wolfs L, Fattorelli N, Thrupp N, Voytyuk I, Schmidt I, Mancuso R, Chen WT, Woodbury ME, Srivastava G, Möller T, Hudry E, Das S, Saido T, Karran E, Hyman B, Perry VH, Fiers M, De Strooper B. The Major Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease: Age, Sex, and Genes Modulate the Microglia Response to Aβ Plaques. Cell Rep 2019; 27:1293-1306.e6. [PMID: 31018141 PMCID: PMC7340153 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiles of more than 10,000 individual microglial cells isolated from cortex and hippocampus of male and female AppNL-G-F mice over time demonstrate that progressive amyloid-β accumulation accelerates two main activated microglia states that are also present during normal aging. Activated response microglia (ARMs) are composed of specialized subgroups overexpressing MHC type II and putative tissue repair genes (Dkk2, Gpnmb, and Spp1) and are strongly enriched with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk genes. Microglia from female mice progress faster in this activation trajectory. Similar activated states are also found in a second AD model and in human brain. Apoe, the major genetic risk factor for AD, regulates the ARMs but not the interferon response microglia (IRMs). Thus, the ARMs response is the converging point for aging, sex, and genetic AD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Sala Frigerio
- VIB Centre for Brain Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Leen Wolfs
- VIB Centre for Brain Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicola Fattorelli
- VIB Centre for Brain Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicola Thrupp
- VIB Centre for Brain Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iryna Voytyuk
- VIB Centre for Brain Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inga Schmidt
- VIB Centre for Brain Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Renzo Mancuso
- VIB Centre for Brain Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- VIB Centre for Brain Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maya E Woodbury
- Foundational Neuroscience Center, AbbVie, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gyan Srivastava
- Foundational Neuroscience Center, AbbVie, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Möller
- Foundational Neuroscience Center, AbbVie, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eloise Hudry
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Takaomi Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eric Karran
- Foundational Neuroscience Center, AbbVie, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bradley Hyman
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - V Hugh Perry
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK; Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark Fiers
- VIB Centre for Brain Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Centre for Brain Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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