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Guo X, Zhang Z, Li J, Zhang S, Sun W, Xiao X, Sun Z, Xue X, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Phenotypic and transcriptome profiling of spikes reveals the regulation of light regimens on spike growth and fertile floret number in wheat. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:1575-1591. [PMID: 38269615 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The spike growth phase is critical for the establishment of fertile floret (grain) numbers in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Then, how to shorten the spike growth phase and increase grain number synergistically? Here, we showed high-resolution analyses of floret primordia (FP) number, morphology and spike transcriptomes during the spike growth phase under three light regimens. The development of all FP in a spike could be divided into four distinct stages: differentiation (Stage I), differentiation and morphology development concurrently (Stage II), morphology development (Stage III), and polarization (Stage IV). Compared to the short photoperiod, the long photoperiod shortened spike growth and stimulated early flowering by shortening Stage III; however, this reduced assimilate accumulation, resulting in fertile floret loss. Interestingly, long photoperiod supplemented with red light shortened the time required to complete Stages I-II, then raised assimilates supply in the spike and promoted anther development before polarization initiation, thereby increasing fertile FP number during Stage III, and finally maintained fertile FP development during Stage IV until they became fertile florets via a predicted dynamic gene network. Our findings proposed a light regimen, critical stages and candidate regulators that achieved a shorter spike growth phase and a higher fertile floret number in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Guo
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Li
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Sun
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuechen Xiao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhencai Sun
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuzhang Xue
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zhang J, Zhang L, Wang Q, Liu J, Sun Y. Diurnal Regulation of Leaf Photosynthesis Is Related to Leaf-Age-Dependent Changes in Assimilate Accumulation in Camellia oleifera. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12112161. [PMID: 37299139 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to clarify the mechanism of diurnal changes in photosynthesis of leaves of different leaf ages in Camellia oleifera, current-year leaves (CLs) and annual leaves (ALs) were used as the test materials to analyze the diurnal changes in photosynthetic parameters, assimilate contents and enzyme activities, as well as structural differences and expression levels of sugar transport regulating genes. The rate of net photosynthesis in CLs and ALs was highest in the morning. During the day, there was a decrease in the CO2 assimilation rate, and this decrease was greater in ALs than in CLs at midday. The maximal efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (Fv/Fm) showed a decreasing trend as the sunlight intensity increased, but no significant difference between CLs and ALs was found. Compared with CLs, ALs showed a greater decrease in the carbon export rate at midday and the levels of sugars and starch increased significantly in ALs, accompanied by higher enzyme activity of sucrose synthetase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. In addition, compared with CLs, ALs had a larger leaf vein area and higher leaf vein density, as well as higher expression levels of sugar transport regulating genes during the day. It is concluded that the excessive accumulation of assimilate is an important factor contributing to the midday depression of photosynthesis in Camellia oleifera annual leaves on a sunny day. Sugar transporters may play an important regulatory role in excessive accumulation of assimilate in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
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