Attitudes and perceptions about ageism among nursing students: a scoping review

OBJECTIVE

to map scientific knowledge on nursing students' attitudes and perceptions regarding ageism.

METHOD

scoping review according to the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The study question was: What are scientific evidence available on the attitudes and perceptions of nursing students regarding ageism? The search was conducted in 12 databases using the Rayyan application and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The studies were selected by two reviewers using a data extraction tool.

RESULTS

of the 4,595 files, 46 that were published between 1984 and 2022 were selected, and the quantitative method was the most used. The most commonly used instrument was the Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People Scale. Positive, negative, mixed, neutral, and inconclusive attitudes and perceptions were identified.

CONCLUSION

attitudes and perceptions about ageism are diverse and not conclusive. Future intervention studies are recommended to detect changes in the behavior of nursing students in the face of ageism.

BACKGROUND

(1) Attitudes and perceptions about ageism are diverse and not conclusive.

BACKGROUND

(2) Importance of discussing ageism in the training of nursing students.

BACKGROUND

(3) Intervention studies to identify paradigm shifts in nursing students.

[Attitudes of neighbors about the treatment and community life of people with severe mental health disorders in Argentina]

A psychiatric reform is underway in Latin America and the Caribbean. Specifically in Argentina, a model of community mental health is being built, and prolonged psychiatric hospitalizations are still taking place, especially in neuropsychiatric hospitals. Therefore, it is necessary to closely monitor the psychiatric reform. One of the possible ways to monitor the reform is by analyzing society's attitudes towards prolonged psychiatric hospitalization as a mean of mental health treatment. Thus, an analytical observational study was conducted at the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, in 2021, to analyze the behavior of neighbors of people who had prolonged psychiatric hospitalizations and who received housing support. Questionnaires were applied to neighbors and non-neighbors, addressing the behaviors toward prolonged psychiatric hospitalization as a mean of treatment, social distance toward people who were hospitalized, as well as specific interviews with key informants from neighborhoods where people with severe mental health disorders and who receive housing support live. Based on the answers of neighbors and non-neighbors, no statistically significant differences were identified in behaviors toward prolonged psychiatric hospitalization as a mean of treatment, nor for social distance in relation to people who were hospitalized. Key informants conditioned their assessment of prolonged hospitalization and valued the role of support teams in making community life viable.

Factors associated with older adults' knowledge, attitude and practice on skin cancer prevention

OBJECTIVES

to identify factors associated with older adults' knowledge, attitude and practice regarding skin cancer prevention.

METHODS

this is a cross-sectional study, carried out with 120 older adults from a Basic Health Unit in Quixadá, Ceará, from September to November 2018.

RESULTS

individuals aged 60 to 69 years and working were statistically associated with adequate knowledge (p=0.038). Having light skin, eyes and hair was associated with adequate attitude (p=0.030). Having skin problems, such as bleeding wounds, was associated with adequate practice (p=0.016). With regard to inappropriate behavior for skin cancer prevention, there was a statistically significant association between working or having worked under direct exposure to the sun, inadequate knowledge (p=0.036), inadequate attitude (p=0.010) and having incomplete primary education and inadequate practice (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

sociodemographic and clinical factors influence older adults' knowledge, attitude and practice regarding skin cancer prevention.

Nursing students' knowledge and attitude in relation to COVID-19 prevention behavior

OBJECTIVES

to determine the correlation between nursing students' level of knowledge and attitudes toward COVID-19 prevention behavior.

METHODS

a cross-sectional study was carried out at the Private University in Indonesia. Accidental sampling was used to select 188 third-year bachelor's nursing students as respondents. Data collection was conducted through an online questionnaire (Cronbach's Alpha 0.799-0.959) consisting of 27 questions. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially.

RESULTS

as many as 49.5 % of respondents had high knowledge, 98.4 % had a positive attitude, and 89.9 % had positive behavior in preventing COVID-19 transmission. The Chi-square test revealed that knowledge has no correlation with COVID-19 prevention behavior (p-value 0.864), but attitude did (p-value 0.027).

CONCLUSIONS

nursing students' attitudes are related to behavior in preventing COVID-19. Nursing students are expected to maintain positive attitudes and behaviors toward COVID-19 prevention as future health workers at the forefront of health services.

Knowledge and emotional attitudes of health care practitioners regarding patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

BACKGROUND

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs) are paroxysmal events that resemble epileptic seizures without concomitant changes in electroencephalograms (EEGs) or any other physiological cause. These seizures are one of the most common and dramatic conversion disorders. First responders treat many PNES patients with unnecessary emergency abortive medication and sometimes even intubate them. Several of our PNES patients have complained they have experienced harsh attitudes from health care practitioners (HCPs), especially during their stay in the emergency room (ER).

OBJECTIVE

To assess the emotional attitude of HCPs toward PNES patients.

METHODS

We handed a questionnaire containing 23 questions regarding PNES patients to HCPs from emergency medicine, internal medicine, and neurology disciplines. The questions dealt with three categories: diagnosis, management, and emotional attitudes.

RESULTS

Overall, 47 HCPs participated in this study: 11 ER, 18 internal medicine, and 18 neurology practitioners. The HCP from those disciplines showed high knowledge and good management practice of PNES patients. On the other hand, the HCPs agreed with most emotional attitude statements regarding PNES patients, reflecting a high percentage of negative emotional attitudes toward this group of patients. We did not find any correlation between negative emotional attitude and HCP department, profession, or seniority.

CONCLUSIONS

Although HCPs in our center perform good management practice regarding PNES patients, most reported a negative emotional attitude. This finding implies that what PNES patients feel regarding the harsh attitudes is also reflected by HCP views. Emotional attitudes towards PNES patients may not depend solely on the level of knowledge of the HCPs.

Psychosocial factors related to the behavioral intention of people with type 2 diabetes using insulin

OBJECTIVES

to analyze the psychosocial factors correlated with the behavioral intention of people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) towards insulin use.

METHODS

a cross-sectional study; a validated instrument based on the Theory of Planned Behavior was used to identify the direct measures (attitude, subjective norm and perceived control), indirect measures (behavioral, normative and control beliefs) and behavioral intention for the use of insulin. Descriptive analysis and Spearman's correlation were performed for data analysis.

RESULTS

a total of 211 individuals participated in the study, with a positive median of behavioral intention. Attitude, normative and behavioral beliefs were the psychosocial factors that presented a significant correlation (r=0.16, r=-0,15 and r=0.25, respectively; p<0.05) with the intention.

CONCLUSIONS

there is a positive behavioral intention in the use of insulin by people with T2DM. Attitude, normative beliefs and behavioral beliefs have a low magnitude correlation with the intention of people with T2DM to use insulin.