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Courtney A, Triwongwarant D, Chim I, Eisman S, Sinclair R. Evaluating 5 alpha reductase inhibitors for the treatment of male androgenic alopecia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1919-1922. [PMID: 37942878 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2280630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashling Courtney
- Sinclair Dermatology, Melbourne, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daranporn Triwongwarant
- Sinclair Dermatology, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Siriraj hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ivana Chim
- Sinclair Dermatology, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Rodney Sinclair
- Sinclair Dermatology, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Gao JL, Sanz J, Tan N, King DS, Modest AM, Dommasch ED. Androgenetic alopecia incidence in transgender and gender diverse populations: A retrospective comparative cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:504-510. [PMID: 36780950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a significant challenge for many transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients, but the rate of AGA among TGD patients receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) compared to cisgender patients has not yet been studied on a large scale. OBJECTIVE We examined the incidence of AGA among TGD patients receiving GAHT compared to cisgender patients. METHODS Retrospective cohort study using electronic health records from 37,826 patients seen at Fenway Health between August 1, 2014, and August 1, 2020. Crude and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) for AGA were calculated using Poisson regression. RESULTS TGD patients receiving masculinizing GAHT had aIRR 2.50, 95% CI 1.71-3.65 and 1.30, 95% CI 0.91-1.86 compared to cisgender women and cisgender men, respectively. The rate of AGA for TGD patients receiving feminizing GAHT was not significantly different compared to cisgender men but was significantly increased compared to cisgender women (aIRR 1.91, 95% CI 1.25-2.92). LIMITATIONS Inability to determine causation and limited generalizability. CONCLUSION TGD patients receiving masculinizing GAHT have 2.5 times the rate of AGA compared to cisgender women, whereas TGD patients on feminizing GAHT did not have a significantly increased rate of AGA compared to cisgender men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Gao
- Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire; George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.
| | - Jessika Sanz
- Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; New York Institute College of Osteopathic Medicine, Jonesboro, Arkansas
| | - Nicholas Tan
- Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dana S King
- Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna M Modest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erica D Dommasch
- Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Elkins KM, Garloff AT, Zeller CB. Additional predictions for forensic DNA phenotyping of externally visible characteristics using the ForenSeq and Imagen kits. J Forensic Sci 2023; 68:608-613. [PMID: 36762775 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex DNA typing methods using massively parallel sequencing can be used to predict externally visible characteristics (EVCs) in forensic DNA phenotyping through the analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The focus of EVC determination has focused on hair color, eye color, and skin tone as well as visible biogeographical ancestry features. In this study, we researched off-label applications beyond what is currently marketed by the manufacturer of the Verogen ForenSeq kit primer set B and Imagen primer set E SNP loci. We investigated additional EVC predictions by examining published genome wide sequencing studies and reported allele-specific gene expression and predictive values. We have identified 15 SNPs included in the ForenSeq kit panel and Imagen kits that have additional EVC prediction capabilities beyond what is published in the Verogen manuals. The additional EVCs that can be predicted include hair graying, ephelides hyperpigmented spots, dermatoheliosis, facial pigmented spots, standing height, pattern balding, helix-rolling ear morphology, hair shape, hair thickness, facial morphology, eyebrow thickness, sarcoidosis, obesity, vitiligo, and tanning propensity. The loci can be used to augment and refine phenotype predictions with software such as MetaHuman for missing persons, cold case, and historic case investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Elkins
- TU Human Remains Identification Laboratory (THRIL), Chemistry Department, Forensic Science Program, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexis T Garloff
- TU Human Remains Identification Laboratory (THRIL), Chemistry Department, Forensic Science Program, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA
| | - Cynthia B Zeller
- TU Human Remains Identification Laboratory (THRIL), Chemistry Department, Forensic Science Program, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA
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Miranda BH, Charlesworth MR, Tobin DJ, Sharpe DT, Randall VA. Androgens trigger different growth responses in genetically identical human hair follicles in organ culture that reflect their epigenetic diversity in life. FASEB J 2018; 32:795-806. [PMID: 29046359 PMCID: PMC5928870 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700260rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Male sex hormones-androgens-regulate male physique development. Without androgen signaling, genetic males appear female. During puberty, increasing androgens harness the hair follicle's unique regenerative ability to replace many tiny vellus hairs with larger, darker terminal hairs ( e.g., beard). Follicle response is epigenetically varied: some remain unaffected ( e.g., eyelashes) or are inhibited, causing balding. How sex steroid hormones alter such developmental processes is unclear, despite high incidences of hormone-driven cancer, hirsutism, and alopecia. Unfortunately, existing development models are not androgen sensitive. Here, we use hair follicles to establish an androgen-responsive human organ culture model. We show that women's intermediate facial follicles respond to men's higher androgen levels by synthesizing more hair over several days, unlike donor-matched, androgen-insensitive, terminal follicles. We demonstrate that androgen receptors-androgen-activated gene transcription regulators-are required and are present in vivo within these follicles. This is the first human organ that involves multiple cell types that responds appropriately to hormones in prolonged culture, in a way which mirrors its natural behavior. Thus, intermediate hair follicles offer a hormone-switchable human model with exceptional, unique availability of genetically identical, but epigenetically hormone-insensitive, terminal follicles. This should enable advances in understanding sex steroid hormone signaling, gene regulation, and developmental and regenerative systems and facilitate better therapies for hormone-dependent disorders.-Miranda, B. H., Charlesworth, M. R., Tobin, D. J., Sharpe, D. T., Randall, V. A. Androgens trigger different growth responses in genetically identical human hair follicles in organ culture that reflect their epigenetic diversity in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Miranda
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.,Plastic Surgery and Burns Research Unit, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Desmond J Tobin
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - David T Sharpe
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.,Plastic Surgery and Burns Research Unit, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie A Randall
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
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Nair-Shalliker V, Yap S, Nunez C, Egger S, Rodger J, Patel MI, O'Connell DL, Sitas F, Armstrong BK, Smith DP. Adult body size, sexual history and adolescent sexual development, may predict risk of developing prostate cancer: Results from the New South Wales Lifestyle and Evaluation of Risk Study (CLEAR). Int J Cancer 2016; 140:565-574. [PMID: 27741552 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men worldwide. The relationships between PC and possible risk factors for PC cases (n = 1,181) and male controls (n = 875) from the New South Wales (NSW) Cancer, Lifestyle and Evaluation of Risk Study (CLEAR) were examined in this study. The associations between PC risk and paternal history of PC, body mass index (BMI), medical conditions, sexual behaviour, balding pattern and puberty, after adjusting for age, income, region of birth, place of residence, and PSA testing, were examined. Adjusted risk of PC was higher for men with a paternal history of PC (OR = 2.31; 95%CI: 1.70-3.14), personal history of prostatitis (OR = 2.30; 95%CI: 1.44-3.70), benign prostatic hyperplasia (OR = 2.29; 95%CI: 1.79-2.93), being overweight (vs. normal; OR = 1.24; 95%CI: 0.99-1.55) or obese (vs. normal; OR = 1.44; 95%CI: 1.09-1.89), having reported more than seven sexual partners in a lifetime (vs. < 3 partners; OR = 2.00; 95%CI: 1.49-2.68), and having reported more than 5 orgasms a month prior to PC diagnosis (vs. ≤3 orgasms; OR = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.18-2.15). PC risk was lower for men whose timing of puberty was later than their peers (vs. same as peers; OR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.59-0.97), and a smaller risk reduction of was observed in men whose timing of puberty was earlier than their peers (vs. same as peers; OR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.61-1.17). No associations were found between PC risk and vertex balding, erectile function, acne, circumcision, vasectomy, asthma or diabetes. These results support a role for adult body size, sexual activity, and adolescent sexual development in PC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visalini Nair-Shalliker
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales (NSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarsha Yap
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales (NSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carlos Nunez
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales (NSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sam Egger
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales (NSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales (NSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Manish I Patel
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Urology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Dianne L O'Connell
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales (NSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Freddy Sitas
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.,Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce K Armstrong
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David P Smith
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales (NSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute, Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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