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Tuna R, Yi W, Crespo Cruz E, Romero JP, Ren Y, Guan J, Li Y, Deng Y, Bluestein D, Liu ZL, Sheriff J. Platelet Biorheology and Mechanobiology in Thrombosis and Hemostasis: Perspectives from Multiscale Computation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4800. [PMID: 38732019 PMCID: PMC11083691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is the pathological clot formation under abnormal hemodynamic conditions, which can result in vascular obstruction, causing ischemic strokes and myocardial infarction. Thrombus growth under moderate to low shear (<1000 s-1) relies on platelet activation and coagulation. Thrombosis at elevated high shear rates (>10,000 s-1) is predominantly driven by unactivated platelet binding and aggregating mediated by von Willebrand factor (VWF), while platelet activation and coagulation are secondary in supporting and reinforcing the thrombus. Given the molecular and cellular level information it can access, multiscale computational modeling informed by biology can provide new pathophysiological mechanisms that are otherwise not accessible experimentally, holding promise for novel first-principle-based therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the key aspects of platelet biorheology and mechanobiology, focusing on the molecular and cellular scale events and how they build up to thrombosis through platelet adhesion and aggregation in the presence or absence of platelet activation. In particular, we highlight recent advancements in multiscale modeling of platelet biorheology and mechanobiology and how they can lead to the better prediction and quantification of thrombus formation, exemplifying the exciting paradigm of digital medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukiye Tuna
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; (R.T.); (E.C.C.); (Z.L.L.)
| | - Wenjuan Yi
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; (R.T.); (E.C.C.); (Z.L.L.)
| | - Esmeralda Crespo Cruz
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; (R.T.); (E.C.C.); (Z.L.L.)
| | - JP Romero
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; (R.T.); (E.C.C.); (Z.L.L.)
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Jingjiao Guan
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; (R.T.); (E.C.C.); (Z.L.L.)
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; (R.T.); (E.C.C.); (Z.L.L.)
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Yuefan Deng
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Danny Bluestein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Zixiang Leonardo Liu
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; (R.T.); (E.C.C.); (Z.L.L.)
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Jawaad Sheriff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
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Horobin JT, Sabapathy S, Kuck L, Simmonds MJ. Shear Stress and RBC-NOS Serine1177 Phosphorylation in Humans: A Dose Response. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:36. [PMID: 33429979 DOI: 10.3390/life11010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) express a nitric oxide synthase isoform (RBC-NOS) that appears dependent on shear stress for Serine1177 phosphorylation. Whether this protein is equally activated by varied shears in the physiological range is less described. Here, we explored RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation in response to shear stress levels reflective of in vivo conditions. Whole blood samples were exposed to specific magnitudes of shear stress (0.5, 1.5, 4.5, 13.5 Pa) for discrete exposure times (1, 10, 30 min). Thereafter, RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation was measured utilising immunofluorescence labelling. Shear stress exposure at 0.5, 1.5, and 13.5 Pa significantly increased RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation following 1 min (p < 0.0001); exposure to 4.5 Pa had no effect after 1 min. RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation was significantly increased following 10 min at each magnitude of shear stress (0.5, 1.5, 13.5 Pa, p < 0.0001; 4.5 Pa, p = 0.0042). Shear stress exposure for 30 min significantly increased RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation at 0.5 Pa and 13.5 Pa (p < 0.0001). We found that RBC-NOS phosphorylation via shear stress is non-linear and differs for a given magnitude and duration of exposure. This study provides a new understanding of the discrete relation between RBC-NOS and shear stress.
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Connelly K, Sharif-Kashani P, Farajzadeh M, Hubschman JP, Kavehpour HP. Creep compliance rheology with a probe-like cylindrical geometry. Biorheology 2017; 53:221-236. [PMID: 28222498 DOI: 10.3233/bir-16112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheology experiments have been performed on the vitreous humor, a soft gel that rests inside of the eye, to study its viscoelastic behavior and underlying macromolecular structure. A significant challenge for experimentalists is preserving the macromolecular structure when removing vitreous from in vivo conditions. OBJECTIVE We have developed a novel probe-like rheometer geometry that allows us to perform shear rheology experiments on the vitreous humor in situ. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of the probe geometry. METHODS Creep compliance responses of silicone oils, Xanthan gum solutions, and bovine and porcine vitreous humor were measured using the probe geometry and compared to measurements performed with standard geometries. RESULTS Viscosities calculated from the creep responses of silicone oils closely match between the probe and standard geometry. Viscosities and creep compliance values of Xanthan gum measurements achieve order of magnitude agreement between the probe and standard geometry. Significant differences are detected with the probe between bovine and porcine vitreous (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the probe may feasibly measure viscosities of Newtonian fluids, and correctly detect differences in the creep response of complex fluids with varying viscoelastic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Connelly
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pooria Sharif-Kashani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matt Farajzadeh
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Hubschman
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Pirouz Kavehpour
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Schoeman RM, Rana K, Danes N, Lehmann M, Di Paola JA, Fogelson AL, Leiderman K, Neeves KB. A microfluidic model of hemostasis sensitive to platelet function and coagulation. Cell Mol Bioeng 2016; 10:3-15. [PMID: 28529666 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-016-0469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemostasis is the process of sealing a vascular injury with a thrombus to arrest bleeding. The type of thrombus that forms depends on the nature of the injury and hemodynamics. There are many models of intravascular thrombus formation whereby blood is exposed to prothrombotic molecules on a solid substrate. However, there are few models of extravascular thrombus formation whereby blood escapes into the extravascular space through a hole in the vessel wall. Here, we describe a microfluidic model of hemostasis that includes vascular, vessel wall, and extravascular compartments. Type I collagen and tissue factor, which support platelet adhesion and initiate coagulation, respectively, were adsorbed to the wall of the injury channel and act synergistically to yield a stable thrombus that stops blood loss into the extravascular compartment in ~7.5 min. Inhibiting factor VIII to mimic hemophilia A results in an unstable thrombus that was unable to close the injury. Treatment with a P2Y12 antagonist to reduce platelet activation prolonged the closure time two-fold compared to controls. Taken together, these data demonstrate a hemostatic model that is sensitive to both coagulation and platelet function and can be used to study coagulopathies and platelet dysfunction that result in excessive blood loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Schoeman
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO
| | - K Rana
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO
| | - N Danes
- Applied Mathematics and Statistics Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO
| | - M Lehmann
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO
| | - J A Di Paola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - A L Fogelson
- Departments of Mathematics and Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - K Leiderman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - K B Neeves
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
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Abstract
Intravascular blood clots form in an environment in which hydrodynamic forces dominate and in which fluid-mediated transport is the primary means of moving material. The clotting system has evolved to exploit fluid dynamic mechanisms and to overcome fluid dynamic challenges to ensure that clots that preserve vascular integrity can form over the wide range of flow conditions found in the circulation. Fluid-mediated interactions between the many large deformable red blood cells and the few small rigid platelets lead to high platelet concentrations near vessel walls where platelets contribute to clotting. Receptor-ligand pairs with diverse kinetic and mechanical characteristics work synergistically to arrest rapidly flowing cells on an injured vessel. Variations in hydrodynamic stresses switch on and off the function of key clotting polymers. Protein transport to, from, and within a developing clot determines whether and how fast it grows. We review ongoing experimental and modeling research to understand these and related phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L. Fogelson
- Departments of Mathematics and Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Keith B. Neeves
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401
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Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins tagged with green fluorescent protein were used to directly visualize the mechanical role of the cytoskeleton in determining cell shape. Rat embryo (REF 52) fibroblasts were deformed using glass needles either uncoated for purely physical manipulations, or coated with laminin to induce attachment to the cell surface. Cells responded to uncoated probes in accordance with a three-layer model in which a highly elastic nucleus is surrounded by cytoplasmic microtubules that behave as a jelly-like viscoelastic fluid. The third, outermost cortical layer is an elastic shell under sustained tension. Adhesive, laminin-coated needles caused focal recruitment of actin filaments to the contacted surface region and increased the cortical layer stiffness. This direct visualization of actin recruitment confirms a widely postulated model for mechanical connections between extracellular matrix proteins and the actin cytoskeleton. Cells tethered to laminin-treated needles strongly resisted elongation by actively contracting. Whether using uncoated probes to apply simple deformations or laminin-coated probes to induce surface-to-cytoskeleton interaction we observed that experimentally applied forces produced exclusively local responses by both the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. This local accomodation and dissipation of force is inconsistent with the proposal that cellular tensegrity determines cell shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Heidemann
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1101, USA.
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