1
|
Gauthey A, Bachofen C, Chin A, Cochard H, Gisler J, Mas E, Meusburger K, Peters RL, Schaub M, Tunas A, Zweifel R, Grossiord C. Twenty years of irrigation acclimation is driven by denser canopies and not by plasticity in twig- and needle-level hydraulics in a Pinus sylvestris forest. J Exp Bot 2024:erae066. [PMID: 38375924 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to increase atmospheric vapor pressure deficit, exacerbating soil drought, and thus enhancing tree evaporative demand and mortality. Yet, few studies have addressed the longer-term drought acclimation strategy of trees, particularly the importance of morphological vs. hydraulic plasticity. Using a long-term (20 years) irrigation experiment in a natural forest, we investigated the acclimation of Pinus sylvestris morpho-anatomical (stomatal anatomy and crown density) and hydraulic traits (leaf water potential, vulnerability to cavitation Ψ50, hydraulic conductivity Ks, and tree water deficit TWD) to prolonged changes in soil moisture. We found that low water availability reduced twig water potential and increased TWD during the growing season. Still, the trees showed limited adjustments in most branch-level hydraulic traits (Ψ50 and Ks) and needle anatomy. In contrast, trees acclimated to prolonged irrigation by increasing their crown density and, hence, the canopy water demand. This study demonstrates that despite substantial canopy adjustments, P. sylvestris may be vulnerable to extreme droughts because of limited adjustment potential in their hydraulic system. While sparser canopies reduce the water demand, such shifts take decades to occur under chronic water deficits and might not mitigate short-term extreme drought events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gauthey
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH- 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bachofen
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH- 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alana Chin
- Plant Ecology Group, Institute for Integrative Biology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Cochard
- INRAE, PIAF, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jonas Gisler
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Eugénie Mas
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH- 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Meusburger
- Forest Soils and Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH- 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Richard L Peters
- Physiological Plant Ecology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alex Tunas
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH- 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roman Zweifel
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH- 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yuan SY, Zhang P, Shen HL. Response of needle photosynthetic and anatomical characteristics of naturally regenerated Pinus koraiensis seedlings to different canopy densities. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:2314-2320. [PMID: 37899095 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202309.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
We took 5-year-old Pinus koraiensis seedlings under natural secondary forests with canopy densities of 0.2-0.3, 0.4-0.6, and 0.7-0.9 at Laoshan Plantation Experimental Station in Maoershan Experimental Forest Farm of Northeast Forestry University as monitor object, and P. koraiensis seedlings under full-light environment as control (CK), to investigate the photosynthetic characteristics and the anatomical structure of P. koraiensis needles in response to the changes of canopy densities. The results showed that the height and diameter of P. koraiensis seedlings tended to decrease while specific leaf area increased with the increases of canopy densities. The total biomass of P. koraiensis seedlings under different canopy densities ranked in an order of 0.4-0.6>CK>0.7-0.9>0.2-0.3. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was significantly and positively correlated with leaf biomass, stem biomass, and root biomass. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration of P. koraiensis seedlings showed a decreasing trend with the increases of canopy densities, while the stomatal conductance showed an increasing trend. Net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a/b showed a significant positive correlation with PAR. Stomatal density showed a gradual decreasing trend with the increases of canopy densities, and the needle cross-sectional area, mesophyll tissue area, xylem area, and phloem area of P. koraiensis seedlings under canopy density 0.4-0.6 were significantly higher than those in other treatments. P. koraiensis seedlings with stronger photosynthetic abilities and higher needle anatomy parameters under canopy density 0.4-0.6, and were able to maintain strong competitiveness in this habitat. Those results indicated that 5-year-old P. koraiensis seedlings need certain shading environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yuan Yuan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Management of Forest Ecosystem, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hai-Long Shen
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin 150040, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Wang Y, Duan W, Li P, Yu P, Zhen L, Li Z, Shang H. [Effects of canopy density on understory plant diversity in Robinia pseudoacacia plantations on the Loess Plateau of China]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:305-314. [PMID: 36803707 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202302.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
To solve the problems of understory plant shortage and biodiversity reduction caused by high tree density of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations on the Loess Plateau in northwest China, we analyzed the data collected by field survey and from literatures. We used the upper boundary line method to examine the impacts of canopy density on understory plant diversity. Based on field survey at the Guanshan Forest Farm of Jingchuan County of Gansu Pro-vince, the species number of understory plants in R. pseudoacacia plantations was higher than that in natural grassland (91 vs. 78). The dominant species varied with canopy density, which was completely different from that of natural grassland. A comprehensive analysis of both literature data and field survey data showed that, when mean annual precipitation (MAP) <550 mm or >550 mm, the increases in canopy density first led to a stable understory plant coverage and then a sharp or slight decrease, and understory plant biomass showed a sharp and continuous decrease or a slight increase and then decrease. Understory plant species richness and other diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, and Pielou indices) first increase and then decrease, with bigger variation range under lower MAP. In all, the characteristics (coverage, biomass and species diversity, etc.) of understory plant community in R. pseudoacacia plantations were strongly affected by canopy density, with higher sensitivity under lower MAP. There was a general threshold range of canopy density of 0.45-0.6. When canopy density was above or below this thre-shold range, it would lead to a rapid decrease of the most characteristics of understory plant community. Therefore, keeping canopy density within the rational range of 0.45-0.6 in the management of R. pseudoacacia plantations is the key to make all the above-mentioned understory plant characteristics at relatively high level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Wang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.,Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wenbiao Duan
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Pingping Li
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.,Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Pengtao Yu
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Li Zhen
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.,Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhixin Li
- Guanshan Forest Farm of Jingchuan County of Gansu Province, Pingliang 744306, Gansu, China
| | - Huijun Shang
- Guanshan Forest Farm of Jingchuan County of Gansu Province, Pingliang 744306, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim E, Park S, Kim S, Choi Y, Cho J, Cho SI, Chun HR, Kim G. Can Different Forest Structures Lead to Different Levels of Therapeutic Effects? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1427. [PMID: 34828474 PMCID: PMC8623963 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, forests have expanded from natural resources for conservation and production to health-promoting resources. With the growing body of evidence supporting the therapeutic effects of forests, the number of investigations on the relationship between forest characteristics and therapeutic effects have increased. However, quantitative synthesis of primary studies has rarely been conducted due to a limited number of health studies including forest description and high heterogeneity of forest variables. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between the forest structure and the therapeutic effect. We systematically searched the studies examining the therapeutic effects of forests with different stand density and canopy density and synthesized the results. As a result of subgroup analysis, we found that stand density modifies the therapeutic effects. Emotional and cognitive restoration showed greatest improvement in low-density forests with a stand density of less than 500/ha and the therapeutic effects diminish as the stand density increases. The impact of canopy density was not found due to a lack of studies reporting canopy density. Although some limitations remain, the findings in this study have great significance in providing the basis for establishing management strategies of forests for therapeutic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunsoo Kim
- Future Forest Strategy Department, Forest Human Service Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Korea; (E.K.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (Y.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Sujin Park
- Future Forest Strategy Department, Forest Human Service Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Korea; (E.K.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (Y.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Soojin Kim
- Future Forest Strategy Department, Forest Human Service Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Korea; (E.K.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (Y.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Yeji Choi
- Future Forest Strategy Department, Forest Human Service Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Korea; (E.K.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (Y.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Junghee Cho
- Future Forest Strategy Department, Forest Human Service Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Korea; (E.K.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (Y.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Sung-il Cho
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.-i.C.); (H.-r.C.)
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hae-ryoung Chun
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.-i.C.); (H.-r.C.)
| | - Geonwoo Kim
- Future Forest Strategy Department, Forest Human Service Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Korea; (E.K.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (Y.C.); (J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mahmud MS, Zahid A, He L, Martin P. Opportunities and Possibilities of Developing an Advanced Precision Spraying System for Tree Fruits. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:3262. [PMID: 34066785 DOI: 10.3390/s21093262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reducing risk from pesticide applications has been gaining serious attention in the last few decades due to the significant damage to human health, environment, and ecosystems. Pesticide applications are an essential part of current agriculture, enhancing cultivated crop productivity and quality and preventing losses of up to 45% of the world food supply. However, inappropriate and excessive use of pesticides is a major rising concern. Precision spraying addresses these concerns by precisely and efficiently applying pesticides to the target area and substantially reducing pesticide usage while maintaining efficacy at preventing crop losses. This review provides a systematic summary of current technologies used for precision spraying in tree fruits and highlights their potential, briefly discusses factors affecting spraying parameters, and concludes with possible solutions to reduce excessive agrochemical uses. We conclude there is a critical need for appropriate sensing techniques that can accurately detect the target. In addition, air jet velocity, travel speed, wind speed and direction, droplet size, and canopy characteristics need to be considered for successful droplet deposition by the spraying system. Assessment of terrain is important when field elevation has significant variability. Control of airflow during spraying is another important parameter that needs to be considered. Incorporation of these variables in precision spraying systems will optimize spray decisions and help reduce excessive agrochemical applications.
Collapse
|
6
|
Cagnola JI, Parco M, Rotili DH, Ploschuk EL, Curin F, Amas JI, Luque SF, Maddonni GA, Otegui ME, Casal JJ. Artificial selection for grain yield has increased net CO2 exchange of the ear leaf in maize crops. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:3902-3913. [PMID: 33744949 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the physiological traits indirectly selected during the search for high-yielding maize hybrids is useful for guiding further improvements. To investigate such traits, in this study we focused on the critical period of kernel formation because kernel number is the main yield component affected by breeding. Our results show that breeding has increased the number of florets per ear and ear growth rate but not the vegetative shoot growth rate, suggesting localised effects around the ear. Consistent with this possibility, breeding has increased the net CO2 exchange of the ear leaf in field-grown crops grown at high population densities. This response is largely accounted for by increased light interception (which increases photosynthesis) and by reduced rates of respiration of the ear leaf in modern hybrids compared to older ones. Modern hybrids show increased ear-leaf area per unit leaf dry matter (specific leaf area), which accounts for the reduced respiratory load per unit leaf area. These observations are consistent with a model where the improved ear leaf CO2 exchange helps the additional florets produced by modern hybrids to survive the critical period of high susceptibility to stress and hence to produce kernels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Cagnola
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Parco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Cerealicultura, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego H Rotili
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Cerealicultura, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edmundo L Ploschuk
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Curin
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIT-NOBA-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Juan I Amas
- CONICET at INTA, Centro Regional Buenos Aires Norte, Estación Experimental INTA Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Sergio F Luque
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Maddonni
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Cerealicultura, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Otegui
- CONICET at INTA, Centro Regional Buenos Aires Norte, Estación Experimental INTA Pergamino, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Producción Vegetal, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge J Casal
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zellweger F, Coomes D, Lenoir J, Depauw L, Maes SL, Wulf M, Kirby KJ, Brunet J, Kopecký M, Máliš F, Schmidt W, Heinrichs S, den Ouden J, Jaroszewicz B, Buyse G, Spicher F, Verheyen K, De Frenne P. Seasonal drivers of understorey temperature buffering in temperate deciduous forests across Europe. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 2019; 28:1774-1786. [PMID: 31866760 PMCID: PMC6900070 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Forest understorey microclimates are often buffered against extreme heat or cold, with important implications for the organisms living in these environments. We quantified seasonal effects of understorey microclimate predictors describing canopy structure, canopy composition and topography (i.e., local factors) and the forest patch size and distance to the coast (i.e., landscape factors). LOCATION Temperate forests in Europe. TIME PERIOD 2017-2018. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED Woody plants. METHODS We combined data from a microclimate sensor network with weather-station records to calculate the difference, or offset, between temperatures measured inside and outside forests. We used regression analysis to study the effects of local and landscape factors on the seasonal offset of minimum, mean and maximum temperatures. RESULTS The maximum temperature during the summer was on average cooler by 2.1 °C inside than outside forests, and the minimum temperatures during the winter and spring were 0.4 and 0.9 °C warmer. The local canopy cover was a strong nonlinear driver of the maximum temperature offset during summer, and we found increased cooling beneath tree species that cast the deepest shade. Seasonal offsets of minimum temperature were mainly regulated by landscape and topographic features, such as the distance to the coast and topographic position. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Forest organisms experience less severe temperature extremes than suggested by currently available macroclimate data; therefore, climate-species relationships and the responses of species to anthropogenic global warming cannot be modelled accurately in forests using macroclimate data alone. Changes in canopy cover and composition will strongly modulate the warming of maximum temperatures in forest understories, with important implications for understanding the responses of forest biodiversity and functioning to the combined threats of land-use change and climate change. Our predictive models are generally applicable across lowland temperate deciduous forests, providing ecologically important microclimate data for forest understories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Zellweger
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - David Coomes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR “Ecologie et dynamique des systèmes anthropisés” (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS‐UPJV)Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
| | - Leen Depauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Sybryn L. Maes
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz‐ZALF e.V. MünchebergMünchebergGermany
| | - Keith J. Kirby
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of ForestryTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate ZonesUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Steffi Heinrichs
- Department Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate ZonesUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Jan den Ouden
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical StationFaculty of BiologyUniversity of WarsawBiałowieżaPoland
| | - Gauthier Buyse
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UR “Ecologie et dynamique des systèmes anthropisés” (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS‐UPJV)Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou HY, Zhang DJ, Zhang J, Zhao YB, Zhao B, Wei DP, Zhang J. [Effects of canopy density on the functional group of soil macro fauna in Pinus massoniana plantations]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2017; 28:1860-1868. [PMID: 29745148 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201706.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the effects of canopy density on the functional group characteristics of soil macrofauna in Pinus massoniana plantations, we divided the captured soil fauna into five types including xylophages, predators, saprophages, omnivores and fungal feeders. The results showed that 1) Saprozoic feeders had the highest percentage of total individuals, and the omnivores and xylophages occupied higher percentages of total taxa. 2) The individual and group number of the predators, and the group number of xylophages did not change significantly under 0.5-0.6 and then decreased significantly under 0.6-0.9 canopy density. 3) With the increasing canopy density, the individual an dgroup number of predators in litter layer decreased significantly, the saprozoic individual number in 5-10 cm soil layer represented irregular trends. The individual number of xylophage increased with the depth of soil, and the group number in litter layer, the individual and group number in 5-10 cm soil layer decreased significantly. 4) Pielou evenness of xylophage had no significant changes with the canopy density, all the other diversity index of xylophage and saprophage were various with the increasing canopy density. The predatory Simpson index was stable under 0.5-0.8, and then decreased significantly under 0.8-0.9 canopy density. 5) The CCA (canonical correlation analysis) indicated that soil bulk density and moisture content were the main environmental factors affecting functional groups of soil macro fauna. Moisture content greatly impacted on the number of saprophagous individuals. But xylophage and predators were mostly affected by soil bulk density, and the predatory Simpson index was mainly affected by soil pH value and total phosphorus. Our research indicated that the structure of soil macro faunal functional group under 0.7 canopy density was comparatively stable, which would facilitate the maintenance of soil fertility and ecological function in Pinus massoniana plantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang Zhou
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology &Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dan Ju Zhang
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology &Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology &Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Bo Zhao
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology &Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Chengdu Aca-demy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Da Ping Wei
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology &Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology &Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gatti M, Dosso P, Maurino M, Merli MC, Bernizzoni F, José Pirez F, Platè B, Bertuzzi GC, Poni S. MECS-VINE ®: A New Proximal Sensor for Segmented Mapping of Vigor and Yield Parameters on Vineyard Rows. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:s16122009. [PMID: 27898049 PMCID: PMC5190990 DOI: 10.3390/s16122009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ground-based proximal sensing of vineyard features is gaining interest due to its ability to serve in even quite small plots with the advantage of being conducted concurrently with normal vineyard practices (i.e., spraying, pruning or soil tilling) with no dependence upon weather conditions, external services or law-imposed limitations. The purpose of the present work was to test performance of the new terrestrial multi-sensor MECS-VINE® in terms of reliability and degree of correlation with several canopy growth and yield parameters in the grapevine. MECS-VINE®, once conveniently positioned in front of the tractor, can provide simultaneous assessment of growth features and microclimate of specific canopy sections of the two adjacent row sides. MECS-VINE® integrates a series of microclimate sensors (air relative humidity, air and surface temperature) with two (left and right) matrix-based optical RGB imaging sensors and a related algorithm, termed Canoyct). MECS-VINE® was run five times along the season in a mature cv. Barbera vineyard and a Canopy Index (CI, pure number varying from 0 to 1000), calculated through its built-in algorithm, validated vs. canopy structure parameters (i.e., leaf layer number, fractions of canopy gaps and interior leaves) derived from point quadrat analysis. Results showed that CI was highly correlated vs. any canopy parameter at any date, although the closest relationships were found for CI vs. fraction of canopy gaps (R² = 0.97) and leaf layer number (R² = 0.97) for data pooled over 24 test vines. While correlations against canopy light interception and total lateral leaf area were still unsatisfactory, a good correlation was found vs. cluster and berry weight (R² = 0.76 and 0.71, respectively) suggesting a good potential also for yield estimates. Besides the quite satisfactory calibration provided, main improvements of MECS-VINE® usage versus other current equipment are: (i) MECS-VINE® delivers a segmented evaluation of the canopy up to 15 different sectors, therefore allowing to differentiate canopy structure and density at specific and crucial canopy segments (i.e., basal part where clusters are located) and (ii) the sensor is optimized to work at any time of the day with any weather condition without the need of any supplemental lighting system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza 29122, Italy.
| | - Paolo Dosso
- Studio di Ingegneria Terradat, via Andrea Costa 17-Paderno, Dugnano 20037 (MI), Italy.
| | - Marco Maurino
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza 29122, Italy.
| | - Maria Clara Merli
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza 29122, Italy.
| | - Fabio Bernizzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza 29122, Italy.
| | - Facundo José Pirez
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza 29122, Italy.
| | - Bonfiglio Platè
- Appleby Italiana s.r.l., via Emilia, Roveleto di Cadeo (PC) 246/A2-29010, Italy.
| | - Gian Carlo Bertuzzi
- Casella Macchine Agricole s.r.l., Loc. Cimafava-Carpaneto, Piacentino 29153, Italy.
| | - Stefano Poni
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza 29122, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Llorens J, Gil E, Llop J, Queraltó M. Georeferenced LiDAR 3D vine plantation map generation. Sensors (Basel) 2011; 11:6237-56. [PMID: 22163952 PMCID: PMC3231455 DOI: 10.3390/s110606237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of electronic devices for canopy characterization has recently been widely discussed. Among such devices, LiDAR sensors appear to be the most accurate and precise. Information obtained with LiDAR sensors during reading while driving a tractor along a crop row can be managed and transformed into canopy density maps by evaluating the frequency of LiDAR returns. This paper describes a proposed methodology to obtain a georeferenced canopy map by combining the information obtained with LiDAR with that generated using a GPS receiver installed on top of a tractor. Data regarding the velocity of LiDAR measurements and UTM coordinates of each measured point on the canopy were obtained by applying the proposed transformation process. The process allows overlap of the canopy density map generated with the image of the intended measured area using Google Earth®, providing accurate information about the canopy distribution and/or location of damage along the rows. This methodology was applied and tested on different vine varieties and crop stages in two important vine production areas in Spain. The results indicate that the georeferenced information obtained with LiDAR sensors appears to be an interesting tool with the potential to improve crop management processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Llorens
- Department of Agri Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Campus del Baix Llobregat, Castelldefels, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|