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Yang CC, Wang CX, Kuan CY, Chi CY, Chen CY, Lin YY, Chen GS, Hou CH, Lin FH. Using C-doped TiO 2 Nanoparticles as a Novel Sonosensitizer for Cancer Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E880. [PMID: 32957611 PMCID: PMC7554704 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for eliminating tumor cells by irradiating sonosentitizer in a patient's body with higher penetration ultrasound and inducing the free radicals. Titanium dioxide has attracted the most attention due to its properties among many nanosensitizers. Hence, in this study, carbon doped titanium dioxide, one of inorganic materials, is applied to avoid the foregoing, and furthermore, carbon doped titanium dioxide is used to generate ROS under ultrasound irradiation to eliminate tumor cells. Spherical carbon doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles are synthesized by the sol-gel process. The forming of C-Ti-O bond may also induce defects in lattice which would be beneficial for the phenomenon of sonoluminescence to improve the effectiveness of sonodynamic therapy. By dint of DCFDA, WST-1, LDH and the Live/Dead test, carbon doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles are shown to be a biocompatible material which may induce ROS radicals to suppress the proliferation of 4T1 breast cancer cells under ultrasound treatment. From in vivo study, carbon doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles activated by ultrasound may inhibit the growth of the 4T1 tumor, and it showed a significant difference between sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and the other groups on the seventh day of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chen Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-C.Y.); (C.-X.W.)
| | - Chong-Xuan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-C.Y.); (C.-X.W.)
| | - Che-Yung Kuan
- PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (G.-S.C.)
| | - Chih-Ying Chi
- PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (G.-S.C.)
| | - Ching-Yun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (G.-S.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Lin
- PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (G.-S.C.)
| | - Gin-Shin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (G.-S.C.)
| | - Chun-Han Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (G.-S.C.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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