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Marangoni MB, Corsello A, Cozzi L, Agostoni C, Santangelo A, Milani GP, Dilena R. The non-clinical burden of febrile seizures: a systematic review. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1377939. [PMID: 38711493 PMCID: PMC11070526 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1377939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizures (FS) can be frightening for parents, even though they are usually harmless. Various questionnaires have been used to assess parental reactions and awareness about FS, revealing insufficient knowledge. Studies have shown that educational interventions significantly reduce parental concerns, improve knowledge, and promote better first-aid measures. Providing clear information and emotional support to parents is important to reduce their concerns and improve FS management. Healthcare providers should give comprehensive information about FS, including the risk of recurrence, and provide clear instructions on their management. The economic impact of FS includes direct and indirect costs. Studies have shown a decrease of hospitalizations and associated costs due to improved clinical adherence to guidelines, which also reduces the inappropriate use of healthcare resources. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing literature on parental anxiety and education about FS, as well as their economic impact, aiming at identifying areas for improvement in the management of FS and providing valuable insights for healthcare providers and policymakers to better address the non-clinical burden of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Corsello
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cozzi
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Struttura Complessa Pediatria, Presidio Ospedaliero Magenta, ASST Ovest Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Santangelo
- Department of Pediatrics, AOUP Santa Chiara Hospital, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Robertino Dilena
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neuropathophysiology Unit, Milan, Italy
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McLaren JE, Hoang-Gia D, Dorisca E, Hartz S, Dang S, Moo L. Development and Evaluation of a Clinician-Vetted Dementia Caregiver Resources Website: Mixed Methods Approach. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e54168. [PMID: 38573761 PMCID: PMC11027049 DOI: 10.2196/54168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 11 million Americans are caregivers for the 6.7 million Americans currently living with dementia. They provide over 18 billion hours of unpaid care per year, yet most have no formal dementia education or support. It is extremely difficult for clinicians to keep up with the demand for caregiver education, especially as dementia is neurodegenerative in nature, requiring different information at different stages of the disease process. In this digital age, caregivers often seek dementia information on the internet, but clinicians lack a single, reliable compendium of expert-approved digital resources to provide to dementia caregivers. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to create a dementia caregiver resources website to serve as a hub for user-friendly, high-quality, and expert-reviewed dementia educational resources that clinicians can easily supply to family caregivers of people with dementia. METHODS An interdisciplinary website development team (representing dementia experts from occupational therapy, nursing, social work, geriatrics, and neurology) went through 6 iterative steps of website development to ensure resource selection quality and eligibility rigor. Steps included (1) resource collection, (2) creation of eligibility criteria, (3) resource organization by topic, (4) additional content identification, (5) finalize resource selection, and (6) website testing and launch. Website visits were tracked, and a 20-item survey about website usability and utility was sent to Veterans Affairs tele-geriatrics interdisciplinary specialty care groups. RESULTS Following website development, the dementia caregiver resource website was launched in February 2022. Over the first 9 months, the site averaged 1100 visits per month. The 3 subcategories with the highest number of visits were "general dementia information," "activities of daily living," and "self-care and support." Most (44/45, 98%) respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the website was easy to navigate, and all respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the resources were useful. CONCLUSIONS The iterative process of creating the dementia caregiver resources website included continuous identification, categorization, and prioritization of resources, followed by clinician feedback on website usability, accessibility, and suggestions for improvement. The website received thousands of visits and positive clinician reviews in its first 9 months. Results demonstrate that an expert-vetted, nationally, and remotely available resource website allows for easy access to dementia education for clinicians to provide for their patients and caregivers. This process of website development can serve as a model for other clinical subspecialty groups seeking to create a comprehensive educational resource for populations who lack easy access to specialty care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaye E McLaren
- New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Bedford Health Care System, Bedford, MA, United States
| | - Dat Hoang-Gia
- Palo Alto Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Eugenia Dorisca
- Bronx Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Bronx Health Care System, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Stephanie Hartz
- Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Stuti Dang
- Miami Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Miami Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Miami, FL, United States
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Elizabeth Dole Center of Excellence for Veteran and Caregiver Research, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Lauren Moo
- New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Bedford Health Care System, Bedford, MA, United States
- Cognitive Behavioral Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Stone-Heaberlin M, Blackburn A, Qian C. Caregiver education programme on intellectual and developmental disabilities: An acceptability and feasibility study in an academic medical setting. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13178. [PMID: 37752721 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), including autism spectrum disorder, benefit from a variety of specialized interventions. However, there are barriers that impact families' ability to access such services for their children. While not intended as a replacement for individualized or group-based interventions, educational classes may be an option in providing supplemental resources and support to families of individuals with I/DD. This study was a programme evaluation that examined the feasibility and acceptability of a Caregiver Education Program that was created in an outpatient specialty clinic of an academic medical centre, designed to provide educational information on a variety of topics relevant to children and adolescents with I/DD (e.g., toilet training, understanding behaviour and managing anxiety). METHOD The review included 1027 participants from 40 classes led by licensed clinicians, trainees, and/or experienced caregivers. Classes occurred approximately one time per month over the course of three-and-a-half years and targeted caregivers of children and adolescents with I/DD and community-based professionals in the field of I/DD. Participants were able to attend one or multiple classes, based on their interest in the given topic. Participants were asked to complete post-training surveys at the end of each session as part of ongoing programme evaluation. RESULTS Participants reported a high level of satisfaction and increased knowledge as a result of participating in classes, and higher knowledge gained and higher satisfaction for in-person classes compared to virtual classes. CONCLUSIONS This programme is one model of education delivery with high acceptability and feasibility, designed to support families and increase access to information beyond specialized interventions. Future directions include improving the model of programme data collection, examination of the programme's generalization to practice and to other communities, and an emphasis on culturally responsive curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Stone-Heaberlin
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology l Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Allison Blackburn
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology l Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Cheng Qian
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology l Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Wise AL, Sparks AH, Spray BJ, Nolder AR, Willis LD. Utilization of Training Dolls to Enhance Caregiver Education for Pediatric Tracheostomy Care. Respir Care 2023; 68:1631-1638. [PMID: 37491074 PMCID: PMC10676251 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.11085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregivers of tracheostomized children must learn and demonstrate multiple tracheostomy care skills. At our hospital, caregiver education is provided through a combination of written instructions, classroom sessions, hands-on practice with a manikin, and bedside demonstration. As part of a quality improvement initiative, caregivers were provided a training doll to practice skills. METHODS A training doll was provided to caregivers of children within the first week of tracheostomy placement to practice skills. Two questionnaires were utilized during the education process to evaluate utility of the training dolls, skills practiced, and confidence in performing skills. The first questionnaire was completed at the time of the classroom session and the second questionnaire after training was completed. A chart review was conducted to compare outcomes for children whose caregivers did and did not receive a training doll. RESULTS Caregivers of 33 children with a tracheostomy received training dolls, and 28 were not provided dolls. The majority of caregivers felt the training doll was helpful for practicing skills (initial 93%, second questionnaire 85%). Some caregivers reported a lack of confidence in changing the tracheostomy tube (47%) and using a self-inflating bag (21%) in the initial questionnaire. Confidence increased for all skills in the second questionnaire. Few caregivers reported not using the training doll (initial 21%, second 11%). There were no significant differences in hospital length of stay (LOS) (P = .21) or time to complete training (P = .21) for children whose caregivers were and were not provided a doll. CONCLUSIONS The majority of caregivers utilized the training doll to practice tracheostomy skills and found it helpful for training. The training doll did not significantly impact hospital LOS or time to complete training. Use of a training doll to practice tracheostomy skills is an additional tool to assist caregivers with learning required skills prior to discharge home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Wise
- Respiratory Care Services, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Pulmonary Medicine Section, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas.
| | - Ashley H Sparks
- Otolaryngology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Beverly J Spray
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Abby R Nolder
- Otolaryngology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - L Denise Willis
- Respiratory Care Services, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Miyawaki CE, McClellan A, Bouldin ED, Brohard C, Spencer H, Tahija N, Kunik ME. Feasibility and Efficacy of Life Review Delivered by Virtually-Trained Family Caregivers. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:573-583. [PMID: 37545241 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the high prevalence of depressive symptoms and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in older Americans (≥65 years), we developed a six-week depression intervention, Caregiver-Provided Life Review (C-PLR) for care recipients (CRs) with early-stage dementia and mild depression. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine the feasibility and efficacy of C-PLR delivered by virtually-trained caregivers (CGs) on CRs who live with dementia and depression in community and long-term care settings (N = 25 CG-CR dyads). METHODS We used fidelity scores as a measure of CG's feasibility to provide C-PLR. We collected the pre- and post-measures on CRs' depression (primary outcome), life satisfaction, CGs' burden, positive aspects of caregiving, and CG-CR relationship quality (secondary outcomes) and compared them using paired t-tests. We evaluated if the effect differed by race/ethnicity, residential setting, or living alone. RESULTS The average fidelity check-in score was 14.8±0.78 indicating high feasibility. CGs were 52 years old (mean), 88% female, 64% working, 72% college-educated, and 72% in good-excellent health. CRs were 81 years old (mean), 84% female, and 56% in poor-fair health. CRs' depression significantly improved (p < 0.001), and this effect was found in CRs who were Asian (p = 0.017), White (p = 0.040), community-dwelling (p < 0.001), lived alone (p = 0.045), or with others (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the C-PLR can be successfully taught to CGs virtually and is effective in reducing CR's depressive symptoms. C-PLR could be implemented more broadly to improve symptoms among CRs in community and residential settings, as well as among a diverse population of CRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela McClellan
- Baylor University Diana R. Garland School of Social Work, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Erin D Bouldin
- Health Services Research & Development, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Cheryl Brohard
- University of Houston College of Nursing, Sugar Land, TX, USA
| | - Helen Spencer
- University of Houston Graduate College of Social Work, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Mark E Kunik
- VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Background: Family caregivers of people with dementia often experience negative impacts including stress and burden. Psychoeducational programs can reduce these negative outcomes. Objective: To evaluate whether this virtual caregiver education program changes caregiver confidence, self-efficacy, and burden relative to controls. Methods: This was a pre-post comparison of a five-week, synchronous, virtual caregiver education program delivered by a clinician and caregiver support specialist covering aspects of dementia, including changes in cognition, behavior, functional abilities, caregiver-care recipient roles, communication, and caregiver self-care. Caregivers (n = 90) were surveyed at baseline, at completion of intervention, and three months thereafter; controls (n = 44) were surveyed at two points six weeks apart. We compared validated measures of caregiver confidence, self-efficacy, and burden using generalized estimating equations. Results: Participants’ confidence and self-efficacy increased over follow-up compared with controls (p < 0.01 for intervention*time in regression models). There was no difference in burden. All participants (100%) reported perceived increased knowledge, 97% perceived increased confidence, and 95% perceived increased ability to manage dementia-related behaviors after the course. Conclusion: This virtual caregiver education program was effective in improving caregiver confidence and self-efficacy and participants’ self-reported impact was equivalent to those who had taken previous courses in person. Caregivers with greater confidence and self-efficacy have been shown to have better health outcomes and decreased stress and depressive symptoms. Health professionals, health care organizations, and public health agencies should consider using efficacious virtual caregiver education programs in rural and other community settings, during public health crises, or in standard practice as an alternative to in-person programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vanna Labi
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina -Chapel Hill, Asheville, NC, USA
| | - Erin D Bouldin
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
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Saeed R, Hashmi I. Pakistan Ranks Third Globally With the Most Unvaccinated Children: Is the Impact of Parental Perception and Attitude on Immunization an Essential Contributing Factor to an Unsuccessful Vaccination Coverage? Cureus 2021; 13:e19751. [PMID: 34938628 PMCID: PMC8684801 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Having the third-highest burden of child mortality and ranking third globally for the most under-vaccinated children, Pakistan contains 15% of its population under the age of five, which accounts for 50% of the mortality rate in this country. Every year, almost three million children miss out on an entire course of the most readily available vaccines, leaving them vulnerable to life-threatening diseases. The Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) was launched in 1978 to protect children from vaccine-preventable childhood diseases. It is the main program through which routine immunization is provided to the public. However, since its inception within Pakistan, it has encountered many problems, including a lack of parental awareness and education. Low literacy rate, socio-economic disparities, cultural and religious beliefs have made parents doubtful about vaccinations. This term is known as vaccine hesitancy. Belief in conspiracy theories has also led to reduced vaccination coverage in Pakistan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 parents with children under five, chosen from Karachi, Pakistan, through a convenience sampling technique. The data was collected via 300 self-administered or researcher administered questionnaires. Associations were evaluated using the chi-square test with the level of significance taken as p < 0.05 and Cramer's V to determine the strength of these associations. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results Strong associations were found between parental knowledge of immunization, vaccines, and willingness to get their children immunized. Associations were greater and significant in parents with a higher level of education compared to lower. However, lack of knowledge about certain essential vaccines like Pentavalent, Pneumococcal, and IPV was an important aspect to consider. Also, it was noted that their inability to access these free vaccines was due to their own firm beliefs. It was also about the lack of awareness and facilities for a better and beneficial program. 22.3% of parents said that administering multiple vaccines at a time would be harmful to their child, and 21.7% believed it would cause the disease it's supposed to prevent. However, the majority of the parents said they would strongly recommend others to get vaccinated. In this study, religions included and investigated mostly encouraged vaccination to their relatives (p value= 0.079). Occupation and Monthly income had little to no effect on the immunization regime of young children. Conclusion An impact of higher levels of education on the perceptions and attitudes of parents regarding the immunization of children was noted. Consequently, as religion, gender, occupation, and monthly income do not affect parents' perceptions regarding immunizations, the problem lies within their knowledge and understanding of basic medical science and easily communicable diseases. Oblivious to the consequences of contracting a lethal disease, it has developed a laid-back attitude amongst parents. Hence, awareness and education of parents regarding vaccine-preventable diseases by the healthcare system and the governing bodies can lead to a higher successful immunization rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabail Saeed
- Community Health Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi, PAK
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Sawan MJ, Jeon YH, Bond C, Hilmer SN, Chen TF, Wennekers D, Gnjidic D. Caregivers' experiences of medication management advice for people living with dementia at discharge. J Eval Clin Pract 2021; 27:1252-1261. [PMID: 33586327 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES Caregivers of people living with dementia play an essential role in managing medications across transitions of care. Adequate caregiver medication management guidance at hospital discharge is important to ensure optimal outcomes from medication use. This qualitative study explores the experiences and perspectives of caregivers about the medication management guidance provided at hospital discharge. METHODS A qualitative approach using semi-structured, telephone interviews was conducted with 31 caregivers of people with dementia across Australia. Purposive sampling was used to ensure maximum variation of diverse experiences and perspectives. RESULTS Caregivers' experiences of medication guidance for people with dementia at discharge were described in three themes including: (a) inadequate information about medication management at discharge; (b) limited caregiver engagement in medication management decisions; and (c) difficulties ensuring medication supply post discharge. Most participants indicated they would like to be included in discussions at discharge. However, participation was influenced by caregivers being overwhelmed by discharge processes; proactively seeking information on medication-related harm; and belief in advocacy as part of their caregiver role. Caregivers reported they would like to receive a tailored medication list for people with dementia which included information on medications that may impact on the patient's cognition, and for hospital staff to communicate with both the community pharmacist and primary care physician, to improve co-ordination post transition. DISCUSSION In our study of caregivers of people with dementia, we identified key recommendations to facilitate regular participation of people living with dementia and their caregiver around medication guidance at discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna J Sawan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yun-Hee Jeon
- Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine Bond
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sarah N Hilmer
- Clinical Pharmacology and Aged Care, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Royal North Shore Hospital and Northern Clinical School, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy F Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Damian Wennekers
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Danijela Gnjidic
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Tzeng HM, Knight G. Could negative behaviors by patients with dementia be positive communication? Seeking ways to understand and interpret their nonverbal communication. Nurs Forum 2021; 57:318-322. [PMID: 34812493 PMCID: PMC9299486 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In interactions with caregivers, patients with dementia have communication challenges that are common and worrisome to families. Family and professional caregivers find it challenging to “guess” or “interpret” what their patients with dementia are trying to tell them. In this creative controversy article, we discuss how family and professional caregivers can seek to understand and correctly interpret the nonverbal communications of patients with dementia (behaviors, actions, facial expressions, and vocal sounds). Equipping family and professional caregivers with the resources to interpret the nonverbal communications of patients with dementia requires a commitment to in‐service and family education in healthcare facilities. Nurses could play a critical role in raising the awareness among the public about the potential changes and declines in verbal communications of the patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Ming Tzeng
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Chen Y, Tu B, Huang CC, Huang C. Improving parenting knowledge through caregiver education in China. Child Care Health Dev 2021; 47:261-268. [PMID: 33270254 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregivers' parenting knowledge is of importance to child development and to achieve positive child outcomes. Even though some caregiver education programs have demonstrated positive effects, most of them are carried out in developed countries and among western samples. As a developing country with the second-largest child population worldwide, China has initiated caregiver education programs to promote parenting knowledge among caregivers since 2016. This study examines the effect of an innovative caregiver education program on caregivers' perceived increase of parenting knowledge. METHODS A total of 310 caregivers with a child aged between 0 and 3 from Z city, China, were randomly selected to complete a survey. Caregivers' perceived increase of parenting knowledge was assessed by five specified knowledge dimensions, namely, child growth, feeding behaviours, daily care, disease prevention and safety. The independent variable was program participation, measured by respondents' use of program services. OLS regression was employed to assess the association between caregivers' program participation and their perceived increase of knowledge, controlling basic demographic and socio-economic factors. RESULTS In general, program participation had statistically significant associations with caregivers' perceived increase of parenting knowledge. The associations varied by service type. Particularly, online development evaluations and in-home sessions showed relatively consistent and positive effects on caregivers' perceived increase of parenting knowledge. CONCLUSIONS This caregiver education program had a positive effect on caregivers' perceived increase of parenting knowledge, particularly through the use of the online development evaluations and in-home sessions. As one of the earliest initiatives of this kind in China, the findings reveal the promise of an innovative program to advance caregivers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Chen
- Huamin Research Center, Rutgers University School of Social Work, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bin Tu
- School of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chien-Chung Huang
- Huamin Research Center, Rutgers University School of Social Work, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Can Huang
- School of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
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Kim HJ, Shim YS, Park KH, Lee CN, Jung S, Yoon SJ, Jeong SK, Jeong JH, Choi SH, Kim EJ, Jang JW, Kang K, Yang Y, Kim S. Impact of an Education Program for Caregivers of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease on Treatment Discontinuation and Compliance in Korea. J Clin Neurol 2021; 17:368-375. [PMID: 34184444 PMCID: PMC8242308 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2021.17.3.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Reportedly 30-50% of patients being treated for chronic illnesses do not adhere to their medication regimen. We assessed the impact of a nurse-led education program for caregivers of Korean de novo Alzheimer's disease patients who had newly been prescribed donepezil. METHODS This multicenter study analyzed 93 participants in a caregiver education group and 92 participants in a caregiver no-education group. At every visit up to the end of the study (1 year), caregivers in the education group were given educational brochures regarding Alzheimer's disease and the efficacy and adverse events of donepezil treatment. The primary endpoint was the discontinuation rate of donepezil treatment during the 1-year observation period. The secondary endpoints included the effect of education on compliance with donepezil treatment assessed at each visit using a clinician rating scale (CRS) and visual analog scale (VAS), and changes from baseline in cognitive assessment tests. RESULTS The donepezil discontinuation rates at 1 year were 5.38% (5/93) and 6.52% (6/92) in the caregiver education and no-education groups, respectively (p=0.742). No significant between-group differences in donepezil compliance rates on the CRS and VAS were observed, but significant changes were observed in some cognitive tests from baseline to the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS Caregiver education had no significant effect on treatment discontinuation, but this may have been due to the low severity of cognitive impairment among the included population at baseline. In addition, the low discontinuation rates meant that no significant difference in treatment compliance was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong S Shim
- Department of Neurology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Hyung Park
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Chan Nyoung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - San Jung
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Medical Center, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seul Ki Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Chonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Won Jang
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kyunghun Kang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - YoungSoon Yang
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
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Iadarola S, Pellecchia M, Stahmer A, Lee HS, Hauptman L, Hassrick EM, Crabbe S, Vejnoska S, Morgan E, Nuske H, Luelmo P, Friedman C, Kasari C, Gulsrud A, Mandell D, Smith T. Mind the gap: an intervention to support caregivers with a new autism spectrum disorder diagnosis is feasible and acceptable. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2020; 6:124. [PMID: 32944273 PMCID: PMC7487627 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-020-00662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) benefit when their caregivers can effectively advocate for appropriate services. Barriers to caregiver engagement such as provider mistrust, cultural differences, stigma, and lack of knowledge can interfere with timely service access. We describe Mind the Gap (MTG), an intervention that provides education about ASD, service navigation, and other topics relevant to families whose children have a new ASD diagnosis. MTG was developed via community partnerships and is explicitly structured to reduce engagement barriers (e.g., through peer matching, meeting flexibility, culturally-informed practices). We also present on the results of a pilot of MTG, conducted in preparation for a randomized controlled trial. Methods MTG was evaluated using mixed methods that included qualitative analysis and pre/post-test without concurrent comparison group. Participants (n=9) were primary caregivers of children (ages 2-7 years) with a recent ASD diagnosis and whose annual income was at or below 185% of the federal poverty level. In order to facilitate trust and relationship building, peer coaches delivered MTG. The coaches were parents of children with ASD who we trained to deliver the intervention. MTG consisted of up to 12 meetings between coaches and caregivers over the course of 18 weeks. Coaches delivered the intervention in homes and other community locations. Coaches shared information about various “modules,” which were topics identified as important for families with a new ASD diagnosis. Coaches worked with families to answer questions, set weekly goals, assess progress, and offer guidance. For the pilot, we focused on three primary outcomes: feasibility, engagement, and satisfaction. Feasibility was measured via enrollment and retention data, as well as coach fidelity (i.e., implementation of MTG procedures). Engagement was measured via number of sessions attended and percentage completion of the selected outcome measures. For completers (n=7), satisfaction was measured via a questionnaire (completed by caregivers) and open-ended interviews (completed by caregivers and coaches). Results We enrolled 56% of referred caregivers and 100% of eligible families. Retention was high (78%). Coaches could deliver the intervention with fidelity, completing, on average, 83% of program components. Engagement also was high; caregivers attended an average of 85% of total possible sessions and completed 100% of their measures. Caregivers indicated moderately high satisfaction with MTG. Qualitative data indicated that caregivers and coaches were positive about intervention content, and the coach-caregiver relationship was important. They also had suggestions for changes. Conclusion Mind the Gap demonstrates evidence of feasibility, and data from the pilot suggest that it addresses intervention engagement barriers for a population that is under-represented in research. The results and suggestions from participants were used to inform a large-scale RCT, which is currently underway. Overall, MTG shows promise as an intervention that can be feasibly implemented with under-resourced and ethnic minority families of children with ASD Trial registration This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03711799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzannah Iadarola
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 671, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Melanie Pellecchia
- University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market St, 3rd floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Aubyn Stahmer
- University of California, Davis, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Hyon Soo Lee
- University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA Semel Institute 68-268, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA
| | - Lindsay Hauptman
- University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA Semel Institute 68-268, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA
| | | | - Samantha Crabbe
- University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market St, 3rd floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Sarah Vejnoska
- University of California, Davis, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Elizabeth Morgan
- University of California, Davis, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Heather Nuske
- University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market St, 3rd floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Paul Luelmo
- San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA
| | - Chris Friedman
- Drexel University, 3020 Market Street
- Suite 560, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Connie Kasari
- University of California, Davis, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Amanda Gulsrud
- University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA Semel Institute 68-268, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA
| | - David Mandell
- University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market St, 3rd floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Tristram Smith
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 671, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
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13
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Tan CE, Hi MY, Azmi NS, Ishak NK, Mohd Farid FA, Abdul Aziz AF. Caregiving Self-efficacy and Knowledge Regarding Patient Positioning Among Malaysian Caregivers of Stroke Patients. Cureus 2020; 12:e7390. [PMID: 32337117 PMCID: PMC7179978 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most family caregivers of stroke patients in Malaysia do not receive adequate prior preparation or training. This study aimed to determine levels of patient positioning knowledge and caregiving self-efficacy among caregivers of stroke patients. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at an urban teaching hospital involving 128 caregivers of stroke patients. The caregivers were conveniently sampled and completed the data collection forms, which comprised their socio-demographic data, patients' functional status, the Caregiving Knowledge For Stroke Questionnaire: Patient Positioning (CKQ-My© Patient Positioning) to measure caregiver's knowledge on patient positioning, and the Family Caregiver Activation Tool (FCAT©) to measure caregivers' self-efficacy in managing the patient. Descriptive and multivariate inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results Among the caregivers sampled, 87.3% had poor knowledge of positioning (mean score 14.9 ± 4.32). The mean score for FCAT was 49.7 ± 6.0 from a scale of 10 to 60. There was no significant association between knowledge on positioning and self-efficacy. Multiple linear regression showed that caregivers' age (B = 0.146, p = 0.003) and caregiver training (B = 3.302, p = 0.007) were independently associated with caregivers' self-efficacy. Conclusion Caregivers' knowledge on the positioning of stroke patients was poor, despite a fairly good level of self-efficacy. Older caregivers and receiving caregiver training were independently associated with better caregiver self-efficacy. This supports the provision of caregiver training to improve caregiver self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai-Eng Tan
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - May-Yin Hi
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Nur Sarah Azmi
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Nur Khairina Ishak
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Fathin Alyaa Mohd Farid
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Aznida Firzah Abdul Aziz
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
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Appel L, Peisachovich E, Sinclair D, Jokel R, Da Silva C. SafeHome: A Serious Game to Promote Safe Environments for Persons Living with Dementia. Cureus 2020; 12:e6949. [PMID: 32076588 PMCID: PMC7015112 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The dementia epidemic continues to affect families across Canada. The number of persons living with dementia (PLWD) is projected to reach 1.1 million over the next 20 years, placing further financial and resource constraints on the Canadian healthcare system. Caregiver education is vital in ensuring the quality of life and safety for PLWD and can increase the time they are able to live at home, which is correlated with positive outcomes for both PLWD and their caregivers, and a reduction in system costs. However, current educational support often requires individuals to travel to local, urban service care centers and educational content is often provided in English, which can exacerbate the difficulties faced by marginalized caregivers (e.g., immigrants and those living in rural settings) who are caring for PLWD. To address this issue, a team of researchers developed a serious game called “SafeHome” that teaches safety strategies by having players identify and rectify potential hazards in the home setting that may negatively impact on PLWD outcomes, such as falls. A usability study was conducted using an adapted, validated questionnaire and semi-structured focus groups to better understand users’ experience and obtain suggestions for the SafeHome serious game improvement. Results indicated that 80% of the participants were satisfied with the activities provided through SafeHome. All participants (n = 13) made recommendations for improving the usability, functionality, and comprehensiveness of the educational content. This feedback will inform future iterations of SafeHome and add valuable contributions to the growing literature on innovative e-learning resources that support PLWD and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora Appel
- Medical Education and Simulation, York University, Toronto, CAN
| | | | - Don Sinclair
- Medical Education and Simulation, York University, Toronto, CAN
| | - Regina Jokel
- Neurology, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, CAN
| | - Celina Da Silva
- Medical Education and Simulation, York University, Toronto, CAN
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15
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Teitelbaum D. Moving towards Therapists Becoming Better Educators: A Commentary on Changes in the Content of Pediatric Physical Therapy for Infants: A Quantitative, Observational Study. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2018; 38:489-492. [PMID: 30321075 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2018.1500845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients and their families have expressed that they want information (Hendricks, 2000) and as a result often turn to Google for health and medical information. Society as a whole is more informed than ever and no longer rely only on medical practitioners as in previous generations. Instead, and rightly so, they question medical experts and want to know the reasoning and rationale behind everything they experience. This combined with the shift towards family-centred principles over the last 20 years underscores the need to provide comprehensive and effective education to families. But what should that look like? Improving parental competence through education promotes their beliefs that they can be positive agents of change in their child's life (Guimond et al., 2008 ). Similarly, therapists are slowly starting to concede that parents have the greatest amount of time and influence over their children's development (Mahoney and Perales, 2006 ), and as a result, are the primary agents of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Teitelbaum
- a Alberta Children's Hospital , Child Development Centre , Alberta , Canada
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Bornstein MH, Putnick DL, Bradley RH, Lansford JE, Deater-Deckard K. Pathways among Caregiver Education, Household Resources, and Infant Growth in 39 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Infancy 2015; 20:353-376. [PMID: 26273231 PMCID: PMC4530992 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Caregiver education is known to relate to the growth of children, but possible mediation mechanisms of this association are poorly characterized and generally lack empirical support. We test whether instructional capital (caregiver education) leads to improved infant growth through availability of physical capital (household resources) across a wide swath of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS3), we explore relations among caregiver education, household resources, and infant (M age = .99 years) growth in 117,881 families living in 39 LMIC. Overall, household resources mediated 76% of the small association between caregiver education and infant growth. When disaggregated by countries characterized by low, medium, and high levels of human development (as indexed by average life expectancy, education, and gross domestic product), household resources mediated 48% to 78% of the association between caregiver education and infant growth. Caregiver education had effects on infant growth through household resources in countries characterized by low, medium, and high levels of human development; for girls and boys; and controlling for indexes of infant feeding and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H. Bornstein
- Child and Family Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service
| | - Diane L. Putnick
- Child and Family Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service
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Jensen M, Agbata IN, Canavan M, McCarthy G. Effectiveness of educational interventions for informal caregivers of individuals with dementia residing in the community: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 30:130-43. [PMID: 25354132 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess whether educational programmes for caregivers of individuals with dementia living in the community are effective on caregiver burden, quality of life (QoL), depression and transitions to long stay care compared with usual care. METHOD MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AgeLine, CENTRAL and ERIC were searched with no restrictions on language or publication status in February 2013. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible. Participants were informal caregivers undertaking day to day care of an individual with dementia living in the community. Interventions were educational programmes aimed at teaching skills relevant to dementia caring. Two authors independently assessed studies for eligibility, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. RESULTS We screened 1390 citations and included seven RCTs with 764 participants. Meta-analysis of five trials showed a moderate effect on carer burden (Standardised Mean Difference (SMD) = -0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.79 to -0.26; I(2) = 40%). Meta-analysis of two trials showed a small effect on depression (SMD = -0.37; 95% CI -0.65 to -0.09; I(2) = 0%). There was no effect on number of transitions to long stay care (relative risk 1.29; 95% CI 0.80 to 2.08). Effect on QoL was not estimable as studies varied in reporting of sub-domains and constructs within scales. CONCLUSION Educational programmes have a moderate effect on caregiver burden and a small effect on depression. Evidence of an effect on QoL and transitions to long stay care remains unclear.
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Abstract
The majority of home-dwelling elders with dementia are cared for by family members or friends. Interventions to support community-based caregivers are needed. A community-based seminar series was provided to 300 self-referred family caregivers with dementia. Participants were surveyed for caregiver burden and overload and perceived competence before and 6 months after the seminars. In all, 88 (29%) of participants completed a 6-month survey. Self-perceived caregiver competence improved (3.9 +/- 1.6 to 5.0 +/- 0.32, P < .006); a trend toward improvement in caregiver overload, and there was no change in caregiver burden. Caregivers with baseline parameters indicative of higher burden, overload, or lower competence showed improved scores at 6 months. The educational program was effective in improving competence and may have slowed the expected increase in burden associated with caring for those with a progressive dementia. Caregivers with higher burden may be targeted for this type of intervention, as they seemed to benefit the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Devor
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA.
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