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Florean CT, Vermeșan H, Gabor T, Neamțu BV, Thalmaier G, Hegyi A, Csapai A, Lăzărescu AV. Influence of TiO 2 Nanoparticles on the Physical, Mechanical, and Structural Characteristics of Cementitious Composites with Recycled Aggregates. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:2014. [PMID: 38730821 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles (NTs) on the physical and mechanical properties, as well as the microstructural changes, of cementitious composites containing partially substituted natural aggregates (NAs) with aggregates derived from the following four recycled materials: glass (RGA), brick (RGB), blast-furnace slag (GBA), and recycled textolite waste with WEEE (waste from electrical and electronic equipment) as the primary source (RTA), in line with sustainable construction practices. The research methodology included the following phases: selection and characterization of raw materials, formulation design, experimental preparation and testing of specimens using standardized methods specific to cementitious composite mortars (including determination of apparent density in the hardened state, mechanical strength in compression, flexure, and abrasion, and water absorption by capillarity), and structural analysis using specialized techniques (scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)). The analysis and interpretation of the results focused primarily on identifying the effects of NT addition on the composites. Results show a decrease in density resulting from replacing NAs with recycled aggregates, particularly in the case of RGB and RTA. Conversely, the introduction of TiO2 nanoparticles resulted in a slight increase in density, ranging from 0.2% for RTA to 7.4% for samples containing NAs. Additionally, the introduction of TiO2 contributes to improved compressive strength, especially in samples containing RTA, while flexural strength benefits from a 3-4% TiO2 addition in all composites. The compressive strength ranged from 35.19 to 70.13 N/mm2, while the flexural strength ranged from 8.4 to 10.47 N/mm2. The abrasion loss varied between 2.4% and 5.71%, and the water absorption coefficient varied between 0.03 and 0.37 kg/m2m0.5, the variations being influenced by both the nature of the aggregates and the amount of NTs added. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that TiO2 nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in the cementitious composites, mainly forming CSH gel. TiO2 nanoparticles act as nucleating agents during early hydration, as confirmed by EDS spectra after curing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Teodora Florean
- National Institute for Research and Development in Construction, Urban Planning and Sustainable Spatial Development URBAN-INCERC Cluj-Napoca Branch, 117 Calea Florești, 400524 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Boulevard, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horațiu Vermeșan
- Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Boulevard, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Timea Gabor
- Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Boulevard, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Viorel Neamțu
- Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Boulevard, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gyorgy Thalmaier
- Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Boulevard, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Hegyi
- National Institute for Research and Development in Construction, Urban Planning and Sustainable Spatial Development URBAN-INCERC Cluj-Napoca Branch, 117 Calea Florești, 400524 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Boulevard, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Csapai
- National Institute for Research and Development in Construction, Urban Planning and Sustainable Spatial Development URBAN-INCERC Cluj-Napoca Branch, 117 Calea Florești, 400524 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Boulevard, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian-Victor Lăzărescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Construction, Urban Planning and Sustainable Spatial Development URBAN-INCERC Cluj-Napoca Branch, 117 Calea Florești, 400524 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Lyra GP, Colombo AL, Duran AJFP, Parente IMDS, Bueno C, Rossignolo JA. The Use of Sargassum spp. Ashes Like a Raw Material for Mortar Production: Composite Performance and Environmental Outlook. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1785. [PMID: 38673142 PMCID: PMC11051454 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of brown algae from the genus Sargassum has been increasing over the years in coastal regions of the Caribbean, Africa, Brazil, and Mexico. This causes harmful effects to the ecosystem, human health, the economy, and the climate due to gas emissions from its decomposition process. There is the possibility of this biomass being reused in civil construction, and some studies have been carried out on its application to common Portland cement mortar. As such, the objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of sargassum ash as a mineral addition to partially replace fine aggregates in Portland cement mortar. Characterization of the raw materials was carried out through X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, loss on ignition, particle size distribution, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, real density, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and dispersion spectroscopy of electrons. The mortars were prepared by partially replacing the fine aggregate (sand) with sargassum ash at 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%. Mortar performance was evaluated through water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent specific mass, and compressive strength 7, 28, and 63 days after curing. Lastly, a life cycle assessment was conducted in accordance with ISO standards 14040:2006 and 14044:2006. The results showed that replacing sand with sargassum ash increases water absorption and apparent porosity, and decreases the apparent specific mass and compressive strength as replacement increases. Nevertheless, the compressive strength results after 63 days for 5 and 10% replacement did not differ statistically from reference values. The life cycle assessment indicated that mortars with partial replacement of sand by sargassum ash show positive environmental impacts when compared to reference values for most categories, regardless of the scenario analyzed, especially for mortar with 10% replacement. As such, the use of sargassum ash at 10% does not alter the mortar's compressive strength values after 63 days, but does reduce its environmental impact. The application of this biomass in civil construction materials provides a destination for this algae, and that can be a solution to mitigate the social, environmental, and economic problems it has been causing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pitolli Lyra
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil;
| | - Ana Letícia Colombo
- Post-Graduation Program in Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.); (A.J.F.P.D.); (I.M.d.S.P.)
| | - Afonso José Felício Peres Duran
- Post-Graduation Program in Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.); (A.J.F.P.D.); (I.M.d.S.P.)
| | - Igor Machado da Silva Parente
- Post-Graduation Program in Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.); (A.J.F.P.D.); (I.M.d.S.P.)
| | - Cristiane Bueno
- Department of Civil Engineering, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil;
| | - João Adriano Rossignolo
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil;
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Lu L, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang F, Lu Z, Liu Z, Jiang J. Prediction of Hydration Heat for Diverse Cementitious Composites through a Machine Learning-Based Approach. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:715. [PMID: 38591570 PMCID: PMC10856311 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Hydration plays a crucial role in cement composites, but the traditional methods for measuring hydration heat face several limitations. In this study, we propose a machine learning-based approach to predict hydration heat at specific time points for three types of cement composites: ordinary Portland cement pastes, fly ash cement pastes, and fly ash-metakaolin cement composites. By adjusting the model architecture and analyzing the datasets, we demonstrate that the optimized artificial neural network model not only performs well during the learning process but also accurately predicts hydration heat for various cement composites from an extra dataset. This approach offers a more efficient way to measure hydration heat for cement composites, reducing the need for labor- and time-intensive sample preparation and testing. Furthermore, it opens up possibilities for applying similar machine learning approaches to predict other properties of cement composites, contributing to efficient cement research and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (J.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Jiangsu Research Institute of Building Science Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China
| | - Yingze Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (J.J.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Construction Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yuncheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (J.J.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Construction Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Fengjuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (J.J.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Construction Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zeyu Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (J.J.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Construction Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (J.J.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Construction Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jinyang Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (J.J.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Construction Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Tale Ponga D, Sabziparvar A, Cousin P, Boulos L, Robert M, Foruzanmehr MR. Retarding Effect of Hemp Hurd Lixiviates on the Hydration of Hydraulic and CSA Cements. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5561. [PMID: 37629852 PMCID: PMC10456383 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Wood wool panels are widely used in the construction industry as sustainable cementitious composites, but there is a growing need to replace traditional Portland cement with a binder that has a lower embodied carbon footprint. In addition, the sustainability of these panels may face serious impediments if the required amount of wood for their production needs a harvest rate higher than the rate at which the tree sources reach maturity. One solution is to use the wooden part of fast-growing plants such as hemp. However, the compounds extracted from the mixture of plants and water are the main cause of the delay observed during the hydration process of hydraulic binders in these cementitious composites. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of bio-aggregate lixiviates (hemp hurd) on the hydration kinetics of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement as a low-embodied-carbon alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The isothermal calorimeter showed that the hemp hurd lixiviate caused a greater delay in GU's hydration process than CSA's. At a 5% concentration, the main hydration peak for GU cement emerged after 91 h, whereas for CSA cement, it appeared much earlier, at 2.5 h. XRD and TGA analysis showed that after 12 h of hydration, hydration products such as calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) and portlandite (CH) were not able to form on GU cement, indicating low hydration of silicate products. Moreover, at 5% concentration, the carbonation of ettringite was observed in CSA cement. The compressive strength values obtained from the mixes containing hemp hurd lixiviate consistently showed lower values compared to the reference samples prepared with distilled water. Furthermore, the CSA samples demonstrated superior compressive strength when compared to the GU samples. After 28 days of hydration, the compressive strength values for CSA cement were 36.7%, 63.5% and 71% higher than GU cement at a concentration of 0.5%, 2% and 5% hemp hurd lixiviate, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Tale Ponga
- Department of Civil & Building Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (D.T.P.); (P.C.); (L.B.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Patrice Cousin
- Department of Civil & Building Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (D.T.P.); (P.C.); (L.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Lina Boulos
- Department of Civil & Building Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (D.T.P.); (P.C.); (L.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Mathieu Robert
- Department of Civil & Building Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (D.T.P.); (P.C.); (L.B.); (M.R.)
| | - M. Reza Foruzanmehr
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
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Huang CY, Lin YC, Chung JHY, Chiu HY, Yeh NL, Chang SJ, Chan CH, Shih CC, Chen GY. Enhancing Cementitious Composites with Functionalized Graphene Oxide-Based Materials: Surface Chemistry and Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10461. [PMID: 37445640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide-based materials (GOBMs) have been widely explored as nano-reinforcements in cementitious composites due to their unique properties. Oxygen-containing functional groups in GOBMs are crucial for enhancing the microstructure of cementitious composites. A better comprehension of their surface chemistry and mechanisms is required to advance the potential applications in cementitious composites of functionalized GOBMs. However, the mechanism by which the oxygen-containing functional groups enhance the response of cementitious composites is still unclear, and controlling the surface chemistry of GOBMs is currently constrained. This review aims to investigate the reactions and mechanisms for functionalized GOBMs as additives incorporated in cement composites. A variety of GOBMs, including graphene oxide (GO), hydroxylated graphene (HO-G), edge-carboxylated graphene (ECG), edge-oxidized graphene oxide (EOGO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and GO/silane composite, are discussed with regard to their oxygen functional groups and interactions with the cement microstructure. This review provides insight into the potential benefits of using GOBMs as nano-reinforcements in cementitious composites. A better understanding of the surface chemistry and mechanisms of GOBMs will enable the development of more effective functionalization strategies and open up new possibilities for the design of high-performance cementitious composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chien Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Johnson H Y Chung
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Lun Yeh
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jyh Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children's Hospital, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children's Hospital, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chi Shih
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children's Hospital, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Narayanan S, Zhang Y, Aslani F. Prediction Models of Shielding Effectiveness of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Cement-Based Composites against Electromagnetic Interference. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2084. [PMID: 36850681 PMCID: PMC9966255 DOI: 10.3390/s23042084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of communication technology as well as a rapid rise in the usage of electronic devices, a growth of concerns over unintentional electromagnetic interference emitted by these devices has been witnessed. Pioneer researchers have deeply studied the relationship between the shielding effectiveness and a few mixed design parameters for cementitious composites incoporating carbon fibres by conducting physical experiments. This paper, therefore, aims to develop and propose a series of prediction models for the shielding effectiveness of cementitious composites involving carbon fibres using frequency and mixed design parameters, such as the water-to-cement ratio, fibre content, sand-to-cement ratio and aspect ratio of the fibres. A multi-variable non-linear regression model and a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model were developed to meet the different accuracy requirements as well as the complexity requirements. The results showed that the regression model reached an R2 of 0.88 with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 2.3 dB for the testing set while the BPNN model had an R2 of 0.96 with an RMSE of 2.64 dB. Both models exhibited a sufficient prediction accuracy, and the results also supported that both the regression and the BPNN model are reasonable for such estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Narayanan
- Materials and Structures Innovation Group, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Materials and Structures Innovation Group, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Farhad Aslani
- Materials and Structures Innovation Group, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
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Lee D, Lee SC, Yoo SW. Bond Behavior of Steel Rebar Embedded in Cementitious Composites Containing Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fibers and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040884. [PMID: 36850166 PMCID: PMC9960286 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, pull-out tests were conducted to investigate the bond behavior of a rebar embedded in cementitious composites with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In the cementitious composites, the binder consisted of ordinary Portland cement, blast furnace slag, and fly ash, with a weight ratio of 39.5, 21.0 and 39.5%, respectively, while the nonbinder consisted of quartzite sand, lightweight aggregate, superplasticizer, and shrinkage-reducing admixture. The water/binder ratio and volume fractions of the PVA fibers were 32.9% and 2.07%, respectively. In the test program, the rebar diameter (D13, D16, and D19) and CNTs mix ratio (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 wt.%) were considered as the test variables. The test results showed that the bond strength of a rebar increased as the rebar diameter decreased or as the CNTs mix ratio increased. Based on the test results, a new, simple model has been proposed with consideration of the rebar diameter, as well as the CNTs mix ratio. Comparing the test results, it was investigated that the proposed model generally represented the bond behavior well, including the bond strength and the corresponding slip of a rebar embedded in PVA cementitious composites, with or without CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Lee
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Cheol Lee
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-5608
| | - Sung-Won Yoo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
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Zhu X, Li L, Tian B, Zhang P, Wang J. Synergistic Effect of Yak Dung Fiber and Yak Dung Ash on the Mechanical and Shrinkage Properties of Cement Mortar. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:719. [PMID: 36676472 PMCID: PMC9861192 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The high value use of agricultural and livestock waste resources in the context of a low carbon economy is a challenge that currently plagues many countries. Yak dung, as a waste resource from livestock farming in the plateau, is considered to be a misplaced treasure. In this work, yak dung was processed into yak dung fiber (YDF) and yak dung ash (YDA), respectively, and the microscopic morphology of the YDF and YDA was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elements in the YDA were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Moreover, cementitious composites were prepared with YDF at 0%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7% and by replacing cement with YDA at 5%, 10% and 15% to assess the workability, mechanical properties and shrinkage properties of cementitious composites containing different YDF types (alkali treated and untreated), contents and different YDA contents. The results showed that alkali-treated YDF and YDA contain a large number of honeycomb structure pores, and the strength of cementitious materials with alkali-treated YDF was higher. The addition of YDF had a negative effect on the fluidity and compressive strength of the cementitious material, but the 0.3% YDF was beneficial in increasing its flexural strength. The compressive strength and flexural strength first increased and then decreased with the increase of YDA content. Both YDF and YDA inhibited the shrinkage of the cement paste, and the shrinkage strain of the cement matrix composites containing 0.3% YDF and 10% YDA was reduced by 51.1% compared to the control group. This work is expected to promote the application of yak dung waste in cementitious materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwei Zhu
- Institute of Highway Science, Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
- The Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Lihui Li
- Institute of Highway Science, Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Bo Tian
- Institute of Highway Science, Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Institute of Highway Science, Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Institute of Highway Science and Technology, Kunming 650051, China
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Xiao H, Zhang N, Li G, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Graphene-Iron Ore Tailings-Based Cementitious Composites with High Early Flexural Strength. Materials (Basel) 2022; 16:ma16010327. [PMID: 36614666 PMCID: PMC9821977 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional nanomaterial with excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. The application of graphene in cement-based materials has good prospects. However, the mechanical properties of cement-based materials are difficult to be significantly enhanced by ordinary graphene nanoplates. In this paper, nitrogen-doped graphene is first reported as an additive with dosages of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 wt.%, respectively, to prepare iron ore tailings-based cementitious composites. The iron ore tailings-based cementitious composite with 0.02 wt.% graphene shows an extremely high flexural strength of 15.05 MPa at 3 days, which is 134.4% higher than that of the iron ore tailings-based cementitious composite without graphene. The effects of graphene content and curing age on the flexural strength and microstructure of iron ore tailings-based cementitious composites were studied. In particular, the scanning electron microscope was adopted to observe the micromorphology of the composites. It is helpful to understand the graphene reinforcement mechanism for the high early flexural strength of iron ore tailings-based cementitious composites. By altering the morphology of iron ore tailings-based cementitious composites, graphene plays two roles in the composites. One role is to connect C-(A)-S-H gels, ettringite and other hydrated crystals to construct a three-dimensional structure. The other is to attract iron ore tailings distributed on its platform to enhance its flexural strength properties. These findings provide favorable guidance for the performance enhancement and mechanism replenishment of graphene-reinforced cementitious composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiteng Xiao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gen Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Youpeng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yidi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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10
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Rahman I, Singh P, Dev N, Arif M, Yusufi FNK, Azam A, Alam MM, Singh S, Chohan JS, Kumar R, Sharma L, Tag-Eldin E, Sharma S, Asyraf MRM. Improvements in the Engineering Properties of Cementitious Composites Using Nano-Sized Cement and Nano-Sized Additives. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15228066. [PMID: 36431551 PMCID: PMC9696350 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The findings of an extensive experimental research study on the usage of nano-sized cement powder and other additives combined to form cement-fine-aggregate matrices are discussed in this work. In the laboratory, dry and wet methods were used to create nano-sized cements. The influence of these nano-sized cements, nano-silica fumes, and nano-fly ash in different proportions was studied to the evaluate the engineering properties of the cement-fine-aggregate matrices concerning normal-sized, commercially available cement. The composites produced with modified cement-fine-aggregate matrices were subjected to microscopic-scale analyses using a petrographic microscope, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). These studies unravelled the placement and behaviour of additives in controlling the engineering properties of the mix. The test results indicated that nano-cement and nano-sized particles improved the engineering properties of the hardened cement matrix. The wet-ground nano-cement showed the best result, 40 MPa 28th-day compressive strength, without mixing any additive compared with ordinary and dry-ground cements. The mix containing 50:50 normal and wet-ground cement exhibited 37.20 MPa 28th-day compressive strength. All other mixes with nano-sized dry cement, silica fume, and fly ash with different permutations and combinations gave better results than the normal-cement-fine-aggregate mix. The petrographic studies and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analyses further validated the above findings. Statistical analyses and techniques such as correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were conducted to compose a predictive equation to calculate the 28th-day compressive strength. In addition to these methods, a repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was also implemented to analyse the statistically significant differences among three differently timed strength readings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibadur Rahman
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Nirendra Dev
- Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad, Daulatpur, Bawana Road, New Delhi 110042, India
| | - Mohammed Arif
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Faiz Noor Khan Yusufi
- Department of Statistics & Operations Research, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Ameer Azam
- Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - M. Masroor Alam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Raman Kumar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Lovneesh Sharma
- Department of Civil Engineering, Universal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Elsayed Tag-Eldin
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.T.-E.); or (S.S.)
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
- Correspondence: (E.T.-E.); or (S.S.)
| | - Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf
- Engineering Design Research Group (EDRG), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
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11
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Salim MU, Nishat FM, Oh T, Yoo DY, Song Y, Ozbakkaloglu T, Yeon JH. Electrical Resistivity and Joule Heating Characteristics of Cementitious Composites Incorporating Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Fibers. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8055. [PMID: 36431541 PMCID: PMC9692820 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the electrical heating (also known as Joule heating) characteristics of cementitious composites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon fibers (CF) as electrically conductive media in an attempt to develop an eco-friendly and sustainable solution to snow and ice removal on roadway pavements during the winter season. Various dosages of CNT and CF between 0 and 1.0% (by weight of cement) were tested to find the optimum mixture proportions that yield high-energy and efficient electrical-heating performance with superior mechanical properties. The electrical properties were characterized by measuring the electrical resistivity and temperature rise when attached to a power source. Furthermore, this study examined how the crack width affects the electrical resistivity of cementitious composites containing CNT and/or CF. Compressive and flexural strengths were also measured at different ages of 1, 3, 7, and 28 days to identify how the additions of CNT and CF affect the mechanical properties. Results have shown that adding CF in combination with CNT substantially reduces the electrical resistivity and, in turn, improves the heating performance, as CFs further densify the electrically conductive network in the hydrated matrix; adding either CNT or CF alone was not an effective option to enhance the electrical characteristics. The findings of this study are expected to provide essential information for the design and construction of an electrically heated concrete pavement system with promoted energy efficiency, which will offer a promising solution to enhance winter road maintenance, improve public safety, and provide substantial social cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usama Salim
- Materials Science, Engineering, and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
- Civil Engineering Program, Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Farzana Mustari Nishat
- Civil Engineering Program, Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Taekgeun Oh
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Yeol Yoo
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooseob Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Togay Ozbakkaloglu
- Materials Science, Engineering, and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
- Civil Engineering Program, Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Jung Heum Yeon
- Materials Science, Engineering, and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
- Civil Engineering Program, Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
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12
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Gu M, Ahmad W, Alaboud TM, Zia A, Akmal U, Awad YA, Alabduljabbar H. Scientometric Analysis and Research Mapping Knowledge of Coconut Fibers in Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5639. [PMID: 36013776 PMCID: PMC9416716 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable materials are appropriate for the environment and are gaining immense attention worldwide. The mechanical properties (such as elongation at break, density, and failure strain) of some natural fibers (such as Coir, Hemp, Jute, Ramie, and Sisal) are comparable with those of some synthetic fibers (such as E glass, aramid, or Kevlar). However, the toughness of coconut fibers is comparatively more than other natural fibers. Numerous studies suggest coconut fibers perform better to improve the concrete mechanical properties. However, the knowledge is dispersed, making it difficult for anyone to evaluate the compatibility of coconut fibers in concrete. This study aims to perform a scientometric review of coconut fiber applications in cementitious concrete to discover the various aspects of the literature. The typical conventional review studies are somehow limited in terms of their capacity for linking different literature elements entirely and precisely. Science mapping, co-occurrence, and co-citation are among a few primary challenging points in research at advanced levels. The highly innovative authors/researchers famous for citations, the sources having the highest number of articles, domains that are actively involved, and co-occurrences of keywords in the research on coconut-fiber-reinforced cementitious concrete are explored during the analysis. The bibliometric database with 235 published research studies, which are taken from the Scopus dataset, are analyzed using the VOSviewer application. This research will assist researchers in the development of joint ventures in addition to sharing novel approaches and ideas with the help of a statistical and graphical description of researchers and countries/regions that are contributing. In addition, the applicability of coconut fiber in concrete is explored for mechanical properties considering the literature, and this will benefit new researchers for its use in concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Gu
- Inner Mongolia Vocational and Technical College of Communications, Chifeng 024005, China
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Turki M. Alaboud
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 5555, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asad Zia
- Department of Concrete Structures and Bridges, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Usman Akmal
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 39161, Pakistan
| | - Youssef Ahmed Awad
- Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hisham Alabduljabbar
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
This article presents a short overview of modified cements with photocatalytic activity. First, the types and three main methods of obtaining photoactive cements are presented. The most frequently used modification method is the incorporation of a photocatalyst into the total mass of the cement. The second group analyzed is cements obtained by applying a thin layer of photoactive materials, e.g., paints, enamels, or TiO2 suspensions, using various techniques. The third group is cement mortars with a thick layer of photoactive concrete on the top. In addition, methods for determining the photoactivity of cement composites, mechanical properties, and physicochemical parameters of such materials are briefly presented. Finally, examples of investments with the use of photoactive cements and development prospects are shown.
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14
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He C, Zhang S, Liang Y, Ahmad W, Althoey F, Alyami SH, Javed MF, Deifalla AF. A Scientometric Review on Mapping Research Knowledge for 3D Printing Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:4796. [PMID: 35888263 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The scientometric analysis is statistical scrutiny of books, papers, and other publications to assess the "output" of individuals/research teams, organizations, and nations, to identify national and worldwide networks, and to map the creation of new (multi-disciplinary) scientific and technological fields that would be beneficial for the new researchers in the particular field. A scientometric review of 3D printing concrete is carried out in this study to explore the different literature aspects. There are limitations in conventional and typical review studies regarding the capacity of such studies to link various elements of the literature accurately and comprehensively. Some major problematic phases in advanced level research are: co-occurrence, science mapping, and co-citation. The sources with maximum articles, the highly creative researchers/authors known for citations and publications, keywords co-occurrences, and actively involved domains in 3D printing concrete research are explored during the analysis. VOS viewer application analyses bibliometric datasets with 953 research publications were extracted from the Scopus database. The current study would benefit academics for joint venture development and sharing new strategies and ideas due to the graphical and statistical depiction of contributing regions/countries and researchers.
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15
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Li G, Zhou C, Ahmad W, Usanova KI, Karelina M, Mohamed AM, Khallaf R. Fly Ash Application as Supplementary Cementitious Material: A Review. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:2664. [PMID: 35407996 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to expand the knowledge on the application of the most common industrial byproduct, i.e., fly ash, as a supplementary cementitious material. The characteristics of cement-based composites containing fly ash as supplementary cementitious material were discussed. This research evaluated the mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of FA-based concrete. Additionally, the various factors affecting the aforementioned properties are discussed, as well as the limitations associated with the use of FA in concrete. The addition of fly ash as supplementary cementitious material has a favorable impact on the material characteristics along with the environmental benefits; however, there is an optimum level of its inclusion (up to 20%) beyond which FA has a deleterious influence on the composite’s performance. The evaluation of the literature identified potential solutions to the constraints and directed future research toward the application of FA in higher amounts. The delayed early strength development is one of the key downsides of FA use in cementitious composites. This can be overcome by chemical activation (alkali/sulphate) and the addition of nanomaterials, allowing for high-volume use of FA. By utilizing FA as an SCM, sustainable development may promote by lowering CO2 emissions, conserving natural resources, managing waste effectively, reducing environmental pollution, and low hydration heat.
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16
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Ji Y, Zou Y, Ma Y, Wang H, Li W, Xu W. Frost Resistance Investigation of Fiber-Doped Cementitious Composites. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15. [PMID: 35329676 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibers used as reinforcement can increase the mechanical characteristics of engineering cementitious composites (ECC), but their frost resistance has received less attention. The mechanical properties of various fiber cementitious materials under the dual factors of freeze-thaw action and fiber dose are yet to be determined. This study examines the performance change patterns of cementitious composites, which contain carbon fiber, glass fiber, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber at 0%, 0.5%, and 1% volume admixture in freeze-thaw tests. Three fiber cement-based materials are selected to do the compression and bending testing, and ABAQUS finite element modeling is used to assess the performance of fiber cement-based composite materials. The microscopic observation results show that the dispersion of glass and PVA fibers is higher than that of carbon fibers. As a result, the mechanical characteristics of the fiber-doped cementitious composites increase dramatically after freeze-thaw with increasing dosage. The compression test results show the frost resistance of carbon fiber > PVA fiber > glass fiber. In addition, the bending test results show the frost resistance of carbon fiber > glass fiber > PVA fiber. The 3D surface plots of the strength changes are established to observe the mechanical property changes under the coupling effect of admixture and freeze-thaw times. ABAQUS modeling is used to predict the strength of the cementitious composites under various admixtures and freeze-thaw cycles. The bending strength numerical equation is presented, and the bending and compressive strengths of three different fiber-cement matrix materials are accurately predicted.
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17
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Zhang Y, Wang R, Ding Z. Influence of Crystalline Admixtures and Their Synergetic Combinations with Other Constituents on Autonomous Healing in Cracked Concrete-A Review. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15020440. [PMID: 35057158 PMCID: PMC8781983 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline admixtures (CAs) are new materials for promoting self-healing in concrete materials to repair concrete cracks. They have been applied to tunnel, reservoir dam, road, and bridge projects. The fundamental research and development of CAs are needed concerning their practical engineering applications. This paper reviews the current research progress of commercial CAs, including self-made CA healing cracks; the composition of CA; healing reaction mechanism; the composition of healing products; distribution characteristics of healing products; the influence of service environment and crack characteristics on the healing performance of CA; and coupling healing performance of CA with fiber, expansive agent, and superabsorbent polymers. The current research findings are summarized, and future research recommendations are provided to promote the development of high-performance cement matrix composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhu Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Runwei Wang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-134-5162-6008
| | - Zhi Ding
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.D.)
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18
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Liu H, Egbe KJI, Wang H, Matin Nazar A, Jiao P, Zhu R. A Numerical Study on 3D Printed Cementitious Composites Mixes Subjected to Axial Compression. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14226882. [PMID: 34832288 PMCID: PMC8623701 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aptly enabled by recent developments in additive manufacturing technology, the concept of functionally grading some cementitious composites to improve structural compression forms is warranted. In this work, existing concrete models available in Abaqus Finite Element (FE) packages are utilized to simulate the performance of some cementitious composites numerically and apply them to functional grading using the multi-layer approach. If yielding good agreement with the experimental results, two-layer and three-layer models case combinations are developed to study the role of layer position and volume. The optimal and sub-optimal performance of the multi-layer concrete configurations based on compressive strength and sustained strains are assessed. The results of the models suggest that layer volume and position influence the performance of multi-layer concrete. It is observed that when there exists a substantial difference in material strengths between the concrete mixes that make up the various layers of a functionally graded structure, the influence of position and of material volume are significant in a two-layer configuration. In contrast, in a three-layer configuration, layer position is of minimal effect, and volume has a significant effect only if two of the three layers are made from the same material. Thus, a multilayered design approach to compression structures can significantly improve strength and strain performance. Finally, application scenarios on some structural compression forms are shown, and their future trajectory is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqiu Liu
- Institute of Marine Structures and Naval Architectures, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China;
- Institute of Port, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; (K.-J.I.E.); (H.W.); (A.M.N.)
| | - King-James Idala Egbe
- Institute of Port, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; (K.-J.I.E.); (H.W.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Haipeng Wang
- Institute of Port, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; (K.-J.I.E.); (H.W.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Ali Matin Nazar
- Institute of Port, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; (K.-J.I.E.); (H.W.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Pengcheng Jiao
- Institute of Port, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; (K.-J.I.E.); (H.W.); (A.M.N.)
- Engineering Research Center of Oceanic Sensing Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Correspondence: (P.J.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ronghua Zhu
- Institute of Marine Structures and Naval Architectures, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China;
- Yangjiang Offshore Wind Energy Laboratory, Yangjiang 529500, China
- Correspondence: (P.J.); (R.Z.)
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19
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Bekzhanova Z, Memon SA, Kim JR. Self-Sensing Cementitious Composites: Review and Perspective. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2355. [PMID: 34578668 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Self-sensing concrete (SSC) has been vastly studied for its possibility to provide a cost-effective solution for structural health monitoring of concrete structures, rendering it very attractive in real-life applications. In this review paper, comprehensive information about the components of self-sensing concrete, dispersion methods and mix design, as well as the recent progress in the field of self-sensing concrete, has been provided. The information and recent research findings about self-sensing materials for smart composites, their properties, measurement of self-sensing signal and the behavior of self-sensing concrete under different loading conditions are included. Factors influencing the electrical resistance of self-sensitive concrete such as dry-wet cycle, ice formation and freeze thaw cycle and current frequency, etc., which were not covered by previous review papers on self-sensing concrete, are discussed in detail. Finally, major emphasis is placed on the application of self-sensing technology in existing and new structures.
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20
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Goldmann E, Górski M, Klemczak B. Recent Advancements in Carbon Nano-Infused Cementitious Composites. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:5176. [PMID: 34576410 PMCID: PMC8466471 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A rising demand for efficient functional materials brings forth research challenges regarding improvements in existing materials. Carbon infused cementitious composites, regardless of being an important research topic worldwide, still present many questions concerning their functionality and properties. The paper aims to highlight the most important materials used for cementitious composites, their properties, and their uses while also including the most relevant of the latest research in that area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryk Goldmann
- Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.G.); (B.K.)
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21
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Lyngdoh GA, Doner S, Nayak S, Das S. Finite Element-Based Numerical Simulations to Evaluate the Influence of Wollastonite Microfibers on the Dynamic Compressive Behavior of Cementitious Composites. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:4435. [PMID: 34442958 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the dynamic compressive behavior of wollastonite fiber-reinforced cementitious mortars using multiscale numerical simulations. The rate dependent behavior of the multiphase heterogeneous systems is captured in a multiscale framework that implements continuum damage towards effective property prediction. The influence of wollastonite fiber content (% by mass) as cement replacement on the dynamic compressive strength and energy absorption capacity is thereafter elucidated. An average compressive strength gain of 40% is obtained for mortars with 10% wollastonite fiber content as cement replacement, as compared to the control mortar at a strain rate of 200/s. The rate dependent constitutive responses enable the computation of energy absorption, which serves as a comparative measure for elucidating the material resistance to impact loads. Approximately a 45% increase in the dynamic energy absorption capacity is observed for the mixture containing 10% wollastonite fibers, as compared to the control case. Overall, the study establishes wollastonite fibers as a sustainable and dynamic performance-enhanced alternative for partial cement replacement. Moreover, the multiscale numerical simulation approach for performance prediction can provide an efficient means for the materials designers and engineers to optimize the size and dosage of wollastonite fibers for desired mechanical performance under dynamic loading conditions.
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Song H, Li X. An Overview on the Rheology, Mechanical Properties, Durability, 3D Printing, and Microstructural Performance of Nanomaterials in Cementitious Composites. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:2950. [PMID: 34070728 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The most active research area is nanotechnology in cementitious composites, which has a wide range of applications and has achieved popularity over the last three decades. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as possible materials to be used in the field of civil engineering. Previous research has concentrated on evaluating the effect of different NPs in cementitious materials to alter material characteristics. In order to provide a broad understanding of how nanomaterials (NMs) can be used, this paper critically evaluates previous research on the influence of rheology, mechanical properties, durability, 3D printing, and microstructural performance on cementitious materials. The flow properties of fresh cementitious composites can be measured using rheology and slump. Mechanical properties such as compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength reveal hardened properties. The necessary tests for determining a NM’s durability in concrete are shrinkage, pore structure and porosity, and permeability. The advent of modern 3D printing technologies is suitable for structural printing, such as contour crafting and binder jetting. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has opened up new avenues for the building and construction industry to become more digital. Regardless of the material science, a range of problems must be tackled, including developing smart cementitious composites suitable for 3D structural printing. According to the scanning electron microscopy results, the addition of NMs to cementitious materials results in a denser and improved microstructure with more hydration products. This paper provides valuable information and details about the rheology, mechanical properties, durability, 3D printing, and microstructural performance of cementitious materials with NMs and encourages further research.
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Hegyi A, Lăzărescu AV, Szilagyi H, Grebenişan E, Goia J, Mircea A. Influence of TiO 2 Nanoparticles on the Resistance of Cementitious Composite Materials to the Action of Bacteria. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14051074. [PMID: 33669089 PMCID: PMC7956814 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The formation of biofilms on cementitious building surfaces can cause visible discoloration and premature deterioration, and it can also represent a potential health threat to building occupants. The use of embedded biofilm-resistant photoactivated TiO2 nanoparticles at low concentrations in the cementitious composite matrix is an effective method to increase material durability and reduce maintenance costs. Zone of inhibition studies of TiO2-infused cementitious samples showed efficacy toward both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Hegyi
- NIRD URBAN-INCERC Cluj-Napoca Branch, 117 Calea Florești, 400524 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.H.); (H.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Adrian-Victor Lăzărescu
- NIRD URBAN-INCERC Cluj-Napoca Branch, 117 Calea Florești, 400524 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.H.); (H.S.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.-V.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Henriette Szilagyi
- NIRD URBAN-INCERC Cluj-Napoca Branch, 117 Calea Florești, 400524 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.H.); (H.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Elvira Grebenişan
- NIRD URBAN-INCERC Cluj-Napoca Branch, 117 Calea Florești, 400524 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.H.); (H.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Jana Goia
- Municipal Hospital, 14–16 1 Mai Street, 405200 Dej, Romania;
| | - Andreea Mircea
- Facultatea de Construcţii, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.-V.L.); (A.M.)
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Zhang P, Yang Y, Wang J, Jiao M, Ling Y. Fracture Models and Effect of Fibers on Fracture Properties of Cementitious Composites-A Review. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13235495. [PMID: 33276552 PMCID: PMC7730242 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cementitious composites have good ductility and pseudo-crack control. However, in practical applications of these composites, the external load and environmental erosion eventually form a large crack in the matrix, resulting in matrix fracture. The fracture of cementitious composite materials causes not only structural insufficiency, but also economic losses associated with the maintenance and reinforcement of cementitious composite components. Therefore, it is necessary to study the fracture properties of cementitious composites for preventing the fracture of the matrix. In this paper, a multi-crack cracking model, fictitious crack model, crack band model, pseudo-strain hardening model, and double-K fracture model for cementitious composites are presented, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The multi-crack cracking model can determine the optimal mixing amount of fibers in the matrix. The fictitious crack model and crack band model are stress softening models describing the cohesion in the fracture process area. The pseudo-strain hardening model is mainly applied to ductile materials. The double-K fracture model mainly describes the fracture process of concrete. Additionally, the effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and steel fibers (SFs) on the fracture properties of the matrix are analyzed. The fracture properties of cementitious composite can be greatly improved by adding 1.5–2% PVA fiber or 4% steel fiber (SF). The fracture property of cementitious composite can also be improved by adding 1.5% steel fiber and 1% PVA fiber. However, there are many problems to be solved for the application of cementitious composites in actual engineering. Therefore, further research is needed to solve the fracture problems frequently encountered in engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (Y.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Yonghui Yang
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (Y.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (Y.Y.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Meiju Jiao
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (Y.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Yifeng Ling
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
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Pekmezci BY, Çopuroğlu A. Mechanical Properties of Carbon-Fabric-Reinforced High-Strength Matrices. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13163508. [PMID: 32784838 PMCID: PMC7475998 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fabric-reinforced cementitious matrices (FRCM) are promising technologies that respond to today’s architectural approaches. However, due to their high strength and ductility, they are starting to be implemented in buildings as strengthening systems. In this experimental study, the amount of fiber along the load direction in high-strength cementitious matrices and the effects of the fiber orientation on FRCM mechanical properties were studied. A total of four different composites were produced with two fabrics and two matrices. Tensile and flexural tests were carried out on composites. Within the scope of microstructure studies, scanning electron microscope micrographs were obtained and analyzed, along with microtopography sections. The main result obtained from the study indicates that as the fiber area in the direction of the load increases, the load order carried in this direction increases. However, this increase does not have to be proportional to the fiber area used in the direction of the load. The fiber coating and coating matrix interface play important roles in a composite’s performance. The carbon fibers can be used more efficiently by using them along the load direction and the loads in the matrix can be transferred to the carbon fibers by creating a larger fiber–matrix interface area.
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Irshidat MR, Al-Nuaimi N, Rabie M. The Role of Polypropylene Microfibers in Thermal Properties and Post-Heating Behavior of Cementitious Composites. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13122676. [PMID: 32545458 PMCID: PMC7344851 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper experimentally studied the effect of polypropylene (PP) microfibers on thermal and post-heating mechanical behaviors of cementitious composites. Cement mortars with small dosage of polypropylene fibers were prepared, heated at various temperatures (150 °C, 200 °C, 450 °C, and 600 °C), and then tested. The investigated parameters include residual compressive and flexural strengths, elastic modulus, fracture energy, stress intensity factors, failure modes, microstructure (scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging), thermal conductivity, heat flow (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test), mass loss (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test), and chemical composition (XRD analysis). The results showed the efficiency of PP fibers to enhance the post-heating behavior and the residual mechanical properties of cement mortar after heating. The presence of PP fibers did not affect the heat flow and the mass loss of cement mortar at room temperature. However, heating cement mortar at temperature beyond the melting point of the fibers negatively affected its thermal behavior. The presence of PP fibers played a major role in bridging the cracks and mitigating their propagation. Once the melting point of the polypropylene fibers is exceeded, the fibers melted and created extra voids in the microstructure of concrete.
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Gao DY, Lv M, Yang L, Tang J, Chen G, Meng Y. Experimental Study of Utilizing Recycled Fine Aggregate for the Preparation of High Ductility Cementitious Composites. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E679. [PMID: 32028686 PMCID: PMC7040610 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Waste concrete was recycled and crushed into fine aggregate to prepare a high ductility cementitious composite (HDCC) in this study, for helping dispose the massive amount of construction waste and for reserving natural resources. Firstly, the features of recycled fine aggregate (RFA) were analyzed in detail and compared with natural fine aggregate (NFA). After that, the mechanical properties, including compression, flexure, bending and tension, and the microstructure of high ductility cementitious composite (HDCC) prepared with RFA were systematically investigated and compared with that of HDCC prepared with NFA. The results show that, since RFA has a higher water absorption rate and contains 4.86 times as much crush dust as NFA, HDCC with RFA forms a denser matrix and a higher bond between fiber and matrix than HDCC with NFA. Thus, HDCC with RFA has higher compressive, flexural, bending and tensile strength. Meanwhile, the higher bond between the fiber and matrix of HDCC with RFA and the finer particle sizes of RFA can greatly promote the development of multiple cracking. As a result, HDCC with RFA exhibits more remarkable stain hardening, and presents 182.73% higher peak deflection in bending and 183.33% higher peak strain in tension than HDCC with NFA. Finally, with the consideration of fiber volume fraction, the prediction models for the peak strengths of HDCC with RFA were proposed. The prediction results show a good agreement with the test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ying Gao
- School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (D.Y.G.); (J.T.); (Y.M.)
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Mingyan Lv
- School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (D.Y.G.); (J.T.); (Y.M.)
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Jiyu Tang
- School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (D.Y.G.); (J.T.); (Y.M.)
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, China;
| | - Yang Meng
- School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (D.Y.G.); (J.T.); (Y.M.)
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Ouyang J, Li Y, Chen B, Huang D. Macro-Scale Strength and Microstructure of ZrW₂O₈ Cementitious Composites with Tunable Low Thermal Expansion. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11050748. [PMID: 29735957 PMCID: PMC5978125 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Concretes with engineered thermal expansion coefficients, capable of avoiding failure or irreversible destruction of structures or devices, are important for civil engineering applications, such as dams, bridges, and buildings. In natural materials, thermal expansion usually cannot be easily regulated and an extremely low thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) is still uncommon. Here we propose a novel cementitious composite, doped with ZrW2O8, showing a wide range of tunable thermal expansion coefficients, from 8.65 × 10−6 °C−1 to 2.48 × 10−6 °C−1. Macro-scale experiments are implemented to quantify the evolution of the thermal expansion coefficients, compressive and flexural strength over a wide range of temperature. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging was conducted to quantify the specimens’ microstructural characteristics including pores ratio and size. It is shown that the TEC of the proposed composites depends on the proportion of ZrW2O8 and the ambient curing temperature. Macro-scale experimental results and microstructures have a good agreement. The TEC and strength gradually decrease as ZrW2O8 increases from 0% to 20%, subsequently fluctuates until 60%. The findings reported here provide a new routine to design cementitious composites with tunable thermal expansion for a wide range of engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Ouyang
- School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yangbo Li
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Dahai Huang
- School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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