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García CA, Velasco M, Angulo C, Marti P, Camacho A. Revisiting Classical Controller Design and Tuning with Genetic Programming. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:9731. [PMID: 38139576 PMCID: PMC10748320 DOI: 10.3390/s23249731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces the application of a genetic programming (GP)-based method for the automated design and tuning of process controllers, representing a noteworthy advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) within the realm of control engineering. In contrast to already existing work, our GP-based approach operates exclusively in the time domain, incorporating differential operations such as derivatives and integrals without necessitating intermediate inverse Laplace transformations. This unique feature not only simplifies the design process but also ensures the practical implementability of the generated controllers within physical systems. Notably, the GP's functional set extends beyond basic arithmetic operators to include a rich repertoire of mathematical operations, encompassing trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions. This broad set of operations enhances the flexibility and adaptability of the GP-based approach in controller design. To rigorously assess the efficacy of our GP-based approach, we conducted an extensive series of tests to determine its limits and capabilities. In summary, our research establishes the GP-based approach as a promising solution for automating the controller design process, offering a transformative tool to address a spectrum of control problems across various engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. García
- Power and Control Electronics Systems, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain; (C.A.G.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Manel Velasco
- Power and Control Electronics Systems, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain; (C.A.G.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Cecilio Angulo
- Intelligent Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Marti
- Power and Control Electronics Systems, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain; (C.A.G.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Camacho
- Power and Control Electronics Systems, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain; (C.A.G.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (A.C.)
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2
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Isaly A, Allen BC, Sanfelice RG, Dixon WE. Encouraging Volitional Pedaling in Functional Electrical Stimulation-Assisted Cycling Using Barrier Functions. Front Robot AI 2021; 8:742986. [PMID: 34901170 PMCID: PMC8652117 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2021.742986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stationary motorized cycling assisted by functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a popular therapy for people with movement impairments. Maximizing volitional contributions from the rider of the cycle can lead to long-term benefits like increased muscular strength and cardiovascular endurance. This paper develops a combined motor and FES control system that tasks the rider with maintaining their cadence near a target point using their own volition, while assistance or resistance is applied gradually as their cadence approaches the lower or upper boundary, respectively, of a user-defined safe range. Safety-ensuring barrier functions are used to guarantee that the rider's cadence is constrained to the safe range, while minimal assistance is provided within the range to maximize effort by the rider. FES stimulation is applied before electric motor assistance to further increase power output from the rider. To account for uncertain dynamics, barrier function methods are combined with robust control tools from Lyapunov theory to develop controllers that guarantee safety in the worst-case. Because of the intermittent nature of FES stimulation, the closed-loop system is modeled as a hybrid system to certify that the set of states for which the cadence is in the safe range is asymptotically stable. The performance of the developed control method is demonstrated experimentally on five participants. The barrier function controller constrained the riders' cadence in a range of 50 ± 5 RPM with an average cadence standard deviation of 1.4 RPM for a protocol where cadence with minimal variance was prioritized and used minimal assistance from the motor (4.1% of trial duration) in a separate protocol where power output from the rider was prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axton Isaly
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Brendon C Allen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ricardo G Sanfelice
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Warren E Dixon
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Balia C, Carucci S, Milone A, Romaniello R, Valente E, Donno F, Montesanto A, Brovedani P, Masi G, Glennon JC, Coghill D, Zuddas A, The Matrics Consortium. Neuropsychological Characterization of Aggressive Behavior in Children and Adolescents with CD/ODD and Effects of Single Doses of Medications: The Protocol of the Matrics_WP6-1 Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1639. [PMID: 34942941 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive behaviors and disruptive/conduct disorders are some of the commonest reasons for referral to youth mental health services; nevertheless, the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in real-world clinical practice remains unclear. In order to define more appropriate targets for innovative pharmacological therapies for disruptive/conduct disorders, the European Commission within the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) funded the MATRICS project (Multidisciplinary Approaches to Translational Research in Conduct Syndromes) to identify neural, genetic, and molecular factors underpinning the pathogenesis of aggression/antisocial behavior in preclinical models and clinical samples. Within the program, a multicentre case-control study, followed by a single-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, randomized acute single-dose medication challenge, was conducted at two Italian sites. Aggressive children and adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) were compared to the same age (10–17 y) typically developing controls (TDC) on a neuropsychological tasks battery that included both “cold” (e.g., inhibitory control, decision making) and “hot” executive functions (e.g., moral judgment, emotion processing, risk assessment). Selected autonomic measures (heart rate variability, skin conductance, salivary cortisol) were recorded before/during/after neuropsychological testing sessions. The acute response to different drugs (methylphenidate/atomoxetine, risperidone/aripiprazole, or placebo) was also examined in the ODD/CD cohort in order to identify potential neuropsychological/physiological mechanisms underlying aggression. The paper describes the protocol of the clinical MATRICS WP6-1 study, its rationale, the specific outcome measures, and their implications for a precision medicine approach.
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Cheng Q, Xu W, Liu Z, Hao X, Wang Y. Optimal Trajectory Planning of the Variable-Stiffness Flexible Manipulator Based on CADE Algorithm for Vibration Reduction Control. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:766495. [PMID: 34692668 PMCID: PMC8531977 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.766495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Robotic manipulators are widely used for precise operation in the medical field. Vibration suppression control of robotic manipulators has become a key issue affecting work stability and safety. In this paper an optimal trajectory planning control method to suppress the vibration of a variable-stiffness flexible manipulator considering the rigid-flexible coupling is proposed. Through analyzing the elastic deformation of the variable-stiffness flexible manipulator, a distributed dynamic physical model of the flexible manipulator is constructed based on the Hamilton theory. Based on the mathematical model of the system, the design of the vibration damping controller of the flexible manipulator is proposed, and the control system with nonlinear input is considered for numerical analysis. According to the boundary conditions, the vibration suppression effect of the conventional and the variable-stiffness flexible manipulator is compared. The motion trajectory of the variable-stiffness flexible manipulator and compare the vibration response from different trajectories. Then, with minimum vibration displacement, minimum energy consumption and minimum trajectory tracking deviation as performance goals, the trajectory planning of the variable-stiffness flexible manipulator movement is carried out based on the cloud adaptive differential evolution (CADE) optimization algorithm. The validity of the proposed trajectory planning method is verified by numerical simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiang Xu
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, China
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Pisa I, Morell A, Vilanova R, Vicario JL. Transfer Learning in Wastewater Treatment Plant Control Design: From Conventional to Long Short-Term Memory-Based Controllers. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21186315. [PMID: 34577522 PMCID: PMC8473304 DOI: 10.3390/s21186315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, industrial environments have been experiencing a change in their control processes. It is more frequent that control strategies adopt Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to support control operations, or even as the main control structure. Thus, control structures can be directly obtained from input and output measurements without requiring a huge knowledge of the processes under control. However, ANNs have to be designed, implemented, and trained, which can become complex and time-demanding processes. This can be alleviated by means of Transfer Learning (TL) methodologies, where the knowledge obtained from a unique ANN is transferred to the remaining nets reducing the ANN design time. From the control viewpoint, the first ANN can be easily obtained and then transferred to the remaining control loops. In this manuscript, the application of TL methodologies to design and implement the control loops of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is analysed. Results show that the adoption of this TL-based methodology allows the development of new control loops without requiring a huge knowledge of the processes under control. Besides, a wide improvement in terms of the control performance with respect to conventional control structures is also obtained. For instance, results have shown that less oscillations in the tracking of desired set-points are produced by achieving improvements in the Integrated Absolute Error and Integrated Square Error which go from 40.17% to 94.29% and from 34.27% to 99.71%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Pisa
- Wireless Information Networking (WIN) Group, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.M.); (J.L.V.)
- Advanced Systems for Automation and Control (ASAC) Group, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Antoni Morell
- Wireless Information Networking (WIN) Group, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.M.); (J.L.V.)
| | - Ramón Vilanova
- Advanced Systems for Automation and Control (ASAC) Group, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Jose Lopez Vicario
- Wireless Information Networking (WIN) Group, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.M.); (J.L.V.)
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Caballero FF, Struijk EA, Buño A, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Lopez-Garcia E. Plasma Ceramides and Risk of Impaired Lower-Extremity Function in Older Adults: A Nested Case-Control Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1280-1287. [PMID: 32756936 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher levels of ceramides have been linked to several chronic diseases; also there is emerging cross-sectional evidence that ceramides are associated with lower physical functioning. This research assessed for the first time the prospective relationship between ceramide species and impaired lower-extremity function (ILEF) in older adults. METHODS Case-control study with 43 cases of ILEF and 86 age- and sex-matched controls, which was nested in the Seniors-ENRICA cohort of community-dwelling older adults. Incident ILEF from 2015 to 2017 was ascertained with the Short Physical Performance Battery. In 2015, 27 ceramide species were measured in plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the longitudinal relationship between ceramides concentration and incidence of ILEF. RESULTS After adjusting for education level, body mass index, alcohol and total energy intake, physical activity, and presence of chronic conditions, some ceramide species were related to 2-year incidence of ILEF. Specifically, the odds ratios of ILEF per 1-SD increase in ceramide concentration were: 1.66 [95% CI = (1.03, 2.68)] for ceramide C14:0, 1.61 (1.00, 2.59) for ceramide C16:0, and 1.64 (1.03, 2.60) for ceramide C16:1 (n-7). In the case of ceramides C16:0 and C16:1 (n-7), a stronger relationship was found in those with a higher body mass index; systolic blood pressure could also mediate the relationship between ceramide C16:1 (n-7) and ILEF (p for interaction = .03). CONCLUSIONS Higher plasma levels of ceramides C14:0, C16:0, and C16:1 (n-7) are associated with higher risk of ILEF, and might serve as risk markers for functional decline in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Félix Caballero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Spain
| | - Ellen A Struijk
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Spain
| | - Antonio Buño
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Spain.,IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Spain.,IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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7
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García-Sánchez JR, Tavera-Mosqueda S, Silva-Ortigoza R, Hernández-Guzmán VM, Marciano-Melchor M, Rubio JDJ, Ponce-Silva M, Hernández-Bolaños M, Martínez-Martínez J. A Novel Dynamic Three-Level Tracking Controller for Mobile Robots Considering Actuators and Power Stage Subsystems: Experimental Assessment. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20174959. [PMID: 32887264 PMCID: PMC7506706 DOI: 10.3390/s20174959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to solve the trajectory tracking task in a wheeled mobile robot (WMR), a dynamic three-level controller is presented in this paper. The controller considers the mechanical structure, actuators, and power stage subsystems. Such a controller is designed as follows: At the high level is a dynamic control for the WMR (differential drive type). At the medium level is a PI current control for the actuators (DC motors). Lastly, at the low level is a differential flatness-based control for the power stage (DC/DC Buck power converters). The feasibility, robustness, and performance in closed-loop of the proposed controller are validated on a DDWMR prototype through Matlab-Simulink, the real-time interface ControlDesk, and a DS1104 board. The obtained results are experimentally assessed with a hierarchical tracking controller, recently reported in literature, that was also designed on the basis of the mechanical structure, actuators, and power stage subsystems. Although both controllers are robust when parametric disturbances are taken into account, the dynamic three-level tracking controller presented in this paper is better than the hierarchical tracking controller reported in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rafael García-Sánchez
- División de Ingeniería Mecatrónica, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Huixquilucan, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Estado de México 52773, Mexico; (J.R.G.-S.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Salvador Tavera-Mosqueda
- Laboratorio de Mecatrónica & Energía Renovable, Centro de Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07700, Mexico; (S.T.-M.); (M.M.-M.); (M.H.-B.)
| | - Ramón Silva-Ortigoza
- Laboratorio de Mecatrónica & Energía Renovable, Centro de Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07700, Mexico; (S.T.-M.); (M.M.-M.); (M.H.-B.)
| | | | - Magdalena Marciano-Melchor
- Laboratorio de Mecatrónica & Energía Renovable, Centro de Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07700, Mexico; (S.T.-M.); (M.M.-M.); (M.H.-B.)
| | - José de Jesús Rubio
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, ESIME Azcapotzalco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 02250, Mexico;
| | - Mario Ponce-Silva
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, CENIDET, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Morelos 62490, Mexico;
| | - Miguel Hernández-Bolaños
- Laboratorio de Mecatrónica & Energía Renovable, Centro de Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07700, Mexico; (S.T.-M.); (M.M.-M.); (M.H.-B.)
| | - Jesús Martínez-Martínez
- División de Ingeniería Mecatrónica, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Huixquilucan, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Estado de México 52773, Mexico; (J.R.G.-S.); (J.M.-M.)
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Martín CA, Rivera DE, Hekler EB, Riley WT, Buman MP, Adams MA, Magann AB. Development of a Control-Oriented Model of Social Cognitive Theory for Optimized mHealth Behavioral Interventions. IEEE Trans Control Syst Technol 2020; 28:331-346. [PMID: 33746479 PMCID: PMC7977327 DOI: 10.1109/tcst.2018.2873538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mobile health (mHealth) technologies are contributing to the increasing relevance of control engineering principles in understanding and improving health behaviors, such as physical activity. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), one of the most influential theories of health behavior, has been used as the conceptual basis for behavioral interventions for smoking cessation, weight management, and other health-related outcomes. This paper presents a control-oriented dynamical systems model of SCT based on fluid analogies that can be used in system identification and control design problems relevant to the design and analysis of intensively adaptive interventions. Following model development, a series of simulation scenarios illustrating the basic workings of the model are presented. The model's usefulness is demonstrated in the solution of two important practical problems: 1) semiphysical model estimation from data gathered in a physical activity intervention (the MILES study) and 2) as a means for discerning the range of "ambitious but doable" daily step goals in a closed-loop behavioral intervention aimed at sedentary adults. The model is the basis for ongoing experimental validation efforts, and should encourage additional research in applying control engineering technologies to the social and behavioral sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A Martín
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería en Electricidad y Computacion, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Daniel E Rivera
- Control Systems Engineering Laboratory (CSEL), School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Eric B Hekler
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems and the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California at San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William T Riley
- Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew P Buman
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Marc A Adams
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Alicia B Magann
- Control Systems Engineering Laboratory (CSEL), School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Pritchet D, Moser N, Ehmann K, Cao J, Huang J. Quantifying Discretization Errors in Electrophoretically-Guided Micro Additive Manufacturing. Micromachines (Basel) 2018; 9:E447. [PMID: 30424380 PMCID: PMC6187608 DOI: 10.3390/mi9090447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents process models for a new micro additive manufacturing process termed Electrophoretically-guided Micro Additive Manufacturing (EPμAM). In EPμAM, a planar microelectrode array generates the electric potential distributions which cause colloidal particles to agglomerate and deposit in desired regions. The discrete microelectrode array nature and the used pulse width modulation (PWM) technique for microelectrode actuation create unavoidable process errors-space and time discretization errors-that distort particle trajectories. To combat this, we developed finite element method (FEM) models to study trajectory deviations due to these errors. Mean square displacement (MSD) analysis of the computed particle trajectories is used to compare these deviations for several electrode geometries. The two top-performing electrode geometries evaluated by MSD were additionally investigated through separate case studies via geometry variation and MSD recomputation. Furthermore, separate time-discretization error simulations are also studied where electrode actuating waveforms were simulated. The mechanical impulse of the electromechanical force, generated from these waveforms is used as the basis for comparison. The obtained results show a moderate MSDs variability and significant differences in the computed mechanical impulses for the actuating waveforms. The observed limitations of the developed process model and of the error comparison technique are briefly discussed and future steps are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pritchet
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Newell Moser
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Kornel Ehmann
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Jian Cao
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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Zhang D, Wei B. Design and Integration for High Performance Robotic Systems Based on Decomposition and Hybridization Approaches. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:s17010118. [PMID: 28075360 PMCID: PMC5298691 DOI: 10.3390/s17010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the uses of robotics are limited with respect to performance capabilities. Improving the performance of robotic mechanisms is and still will be the main research topic in the next decade. In this paper, design and integration for improving performance of robotic systems are achieved through three different approaches, i.e., structure synthesis design approach, dynamic balancing approach, and adaptive control approach. The purpose of robotic mechanism structure synthesis design is to propose certain mechanism that has better kinematic and dynamic performance as compared to the old ones. For the dynamic balancing design approach, it is normally accomplished based on employing counterweights or counter-rotations. The potential issue is that more weight and inertia will be included in the system. Here, reactionless based on the reconfiguration concept is put forward, which can address the mentioned problem. With the mechanism reconfiguration, the control system needs to be adapted thereafter. One way to address control system adaptation is by applying the “divide and conquer” methodology. It entails modularizing the functionalities: breaking up the control functions into small functional modules, and from those modules assembling the control system according to the changing needs of the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
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