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de Boer RM, van Huis MA, Mendes RG. Reversible MnO to Mn 3 O 4 Oxidation in Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles. Small 2024; 20:e2304925. [PMID: 37857590 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Manganese is an attractive element for sustainable solutions. It is largely available in the earth's crust, making it ideal for cost-effective and large-scale applications. Especially MnO nanoparticles have recently received attention for applications in battery technology. However, manganese has many oxidation states that are energetically very similar, indicating that they may easily transform from one to the other. Herein, the reversible oxidation of MnO nanoparticles to Mn3 O4 studied with in situ transmission electron microscopy is shown. The oxygen sublattices of MnO and Mn3 O4 are found to be perfectly aligned, and an atomic mechanism where the transformation is facilitated by the migration of Mn cations on the shared O sublattice is proposed. Even when protected with an amorphous carbon layer, MnO particles are highly unstable and oxidize to Mn3 O4 in ethanol. The poor stability of MnO lacks discussion in many battery-related works, and strategies aimed at avoiding this should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roos M de Boer
- Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht, 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn A van Huis
- Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht, 3584 CC, The Netherlands
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael G Mendes
- Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht, 3584 CC, The Netherlands
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
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Wei P, He X, Zheng Z, He D, Li Q, Gong J, Zhang J, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Lam JWY, Liu M, Tang BZ. Robust Supramolecular Nano-Tunnels Built from Molecular Bricks*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7148-7154. [PMID: 33300645 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a linear ionic molecule that assembles into a supramolecular nano-tunnel structure through synergy of trident-type ionic interactions and π-π stacking interactions. The nano-tunnel crystal exhibits anisotropic guest adsorption behavior. The material shows good thermal stability and undergoes multi-stage single-crystal-to-single-crystal phase transformations to a nonporous structure on heating. The material exhibits a remarkable chemical stability under both acidic and basic conditions, which is rarely observed in supramolecular organic frameworks and is often related to structures with designed hydrogen-bonding interactions. Because of the high polarity of the tunnels, this molecular crystal also shows a large CO2 -adsorption capacity while excluding other gases at ambient temperature, leading to high CO2 /CH4 selectivity. Aggregation-induced emission of the molecules gives the bulk crystals vapochromic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifa Wei
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xuan He
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Donglin He
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Qiyao Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junyi Gong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Herman H Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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