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Xiang L, Rao Q, He B, Guo XH, Xu YD, Luo BP, Zhao G, Wu FH. Role of Cyclin D1b in Inducing Macrophages Toward a Tumor-associated Macrophage-like Phenotype in Murine Breast Cancer. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:655-667. [PMID: 37391677 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) of the M2 phenotype are frequently associated with cancer progression. Invasive cancer cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have a selective advantage as TAM activators. Cyclin D1b is a highly oncogenic splice variant of cyclin D1. We previously reported that cyclin D1b enhances the invasiveness of breast cancer cells by inducing EMT. However, the role of cyclin D1b in inducing macrophage differentiation toward tumor-associated macrophage-like cells remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the relationship between breast cancer cells overexpressing cyclin D1b and TAMs. METHODS Mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells were transfected with cyclin D1b variant and co-cultured with macrophage cells in a Transwell coculture system. The expression of characteristic cytokines in differentiated macrophages was detected using qRT-PCR, ELISA and zymography assay. Tumor-associated macrophage distribution in a transplanted tumor was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The proliferation and migration ability of breast cancer cells was detected using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, wound healing assay, Transwell invasion assay, and lung metastasis assay. Expression levels of mRNAs were detected by qRT-PCR. Protein expression levels were detected by Western blotting. The integrated analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets and bioinformatics methods were adopted to discover gene expression, gene coexpression, and overall survival in patients with breast cancer. RESULTS After co-culture with breast cancer cells overexpressing cyclin D1b, RAW264.7 macrophages were differentiated into an M2 phenotype. Moreover, differentiated M2-like macrophages promoted the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells in turn. Notably, these macrophages facilitated the migration of breast cancer cells in vivo. Further investigations indicated that differentiated M2-like macrophages induced EMT of breast cancer cells accompanied with upregulation of TGF-β1 and integrin β3 expression. CONCLUSION Breast cancer cells transfected with cyclin D1b can induce the differentiation of macrophages into a tumor-associated macrophage-like phenotype, which promotes tumor metastasis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Qi Rao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Bin He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yun-Dan Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Bao-Ping Luo
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of the Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Feng-Hua Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of the Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.
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Jeon S, Kim Y, Jeong YM, Bae JS, Jung CK. CCND1 Splice Variant as A Novel Diagnostic and Predictive Biomarker for Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E437. [PMID: 30428594 PMCID: PMC6266131 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 protein is aberrantly overexpressed in thyroid cancers, but mutations of the CCND1 gene are rare in these tumors. We investigated the CCND1 rs9344 (G870A) polymorphism and the expression profiles of wild-type CCND1a and shortened oncogenic isoform CCND1b at the mRNA and protein levels in 286 thyroid tumors. Genotype AA of rs9344 was associated with high expression of CCND1b mRNA and was more frequently found in thyroid cancer than in benign tumors. The mRNA expression levels of CCND1b were higher in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) than in benign or other malignant tumors. However, the expression of CCND1a mRNA showed no association with the parameters. Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) was distinguished from PTC by low expression of CCND1b at mRNA and protein levels. We further observed that cyclin D1b immunostaining helped to avoid the misdiagnosis of classic PTC with predominant follicular pattern as NIFTP in a separate cohort. Nuclear cyclin D1b expression was associated with aggressive clinicopathologic features in PTC. These findings suggest that cyclin D1b overexpression can be used as a diagnostic and predictive biomarker in thyroid tumors and may be functionally involved in the development and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Jeon
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Yourha Kim
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Young Mun Jeong
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Ja Seong Bae
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
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Luo BP, Luo J, Hu YB, Yao XW, Wu FH. Cyclin D1b Splice Variant Promotes αvβ3-mediated EMT Induced by LPS in Breast Cancer Cells. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:467-472. [PMID: 30074214 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in cancer metastasis, and is relevant to the inflammatory microenvironment. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall constituent of gram-negative bacteria, has been reported to induce EMT of cancer cells through TLR4 signal. We previously reported that LPS promoted metastasis of mesenchymallike breast cancer cells with high expression of cyclin D1b. However, the role of cyclin D1b in LPS-induced EMT has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we described that cyclin D1b augmented EMT induced by LPS in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cyclin D1b markedly amplified integrin αvβ3 expression, which was further up-regulated under LPS stimulation. Our results showed ectopic expression of cyclin D1b promoted invasiveness of epithelial-like MCF-7 cells under LPS stimulation. Additionally, LPS-induced metastasis and EMT in MCF-7-D1b cells might depend on αvβ3 expression. Further exploration indicated that cyclin D1b cooperated with HoxD3, a transcription factor promoting αvβ3 expression, to promote LPSinduced EMT. Knockout of HoxD3 repressed LPS-induced EMT and αvβ3 over-expression in MCF-7 cells with high expression of cyclin D1b. Specifically, all these effects were in a cyclin Dla independent manner. Taken all together, LPS up-regulated integrin αvβ3 expression in MCF-7 cells with high expression of cyclin D1b and induced EMT in breast cancer cells, which highlights that cyclin D1b may act as an endogenous pathway participating in exogenous signal inducing EMT in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ping Luo
- Department of Tumor, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/The First Clinic College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430032, China
| | - Yi-Bing Hu
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430032, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Yao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Feng-Hua Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Kim CJ, Tambe Y, Mukaisho KI, Sugihara H, Kawauchi A, Inoue H. Akt-dependent activation of Erk by cyclin D1b contributes to cell invasiveness and tumorigenicity. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4850-4856. [PMID: 28105192 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of two major isoforms, cyclin D1a and cyclin D1b, are generated from the human cyclin D1 gene by alternative splicing. Cyclin D1b is scarcely expressed in normal tissues; however, it is expressed at a high frequency in certain types of cancerous tissue. The present authors previously constructed cyclin D1b transgenic (Tg) mice and identified rectal tumors, including adenocarcinoma and sessile serrated adenoma, in 62.5% of female Tg mice. In addition, the present authors indicated that cyclin D1b expression enhances phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) in these rectal tumors, and in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells and human 293T cells. In the present study, it was initially demonstrated that cyclin D1b has the ability to enhance cell invasiveness by itself; it additionally increases cell invasiveness, anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity in cooperation with an activated K-ras oncogene in MEF cells. Phosphorylation of Akt was increased in cyclin D1b-expressing MEF cells and in the rectal tumor tissues of cyclin D1b Tg mice. Phosphorylation of Akt was also enhanced by transfection of cyclin D1b, but not cyclin D1a, in human 293T cells. Treatment with an Akt inhibitor suppressed phosphorylation of Erk in 293T cells expressing cyclin D1b and D1bTgRT cells established from rectal cancer of the cyclin D1b Tg mouse. Furthermore, the Akt inhibitor suppressed the invasiveness of D1bTgRT cells and the tumor growth of these cells in nude mice when the Akt inhibitor was injected into the tumors. These results indicate that cyclin D1b activates Erk through Akt, and that activation of Akt contributes to the tumorigenicity of the cyclin D1b Tg mice. Inhibitors targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway are thus expected to have therapeutic potential in a variety of human cancer types expressing cyclin D1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Jang Kim
- Department of Urology, Kohka Public Hospital, Kohka, Shiga 528-0014, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Tambe
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Mukaisho
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugihara
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawauchi
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Inoue
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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Augello MA, Berman-Booty LD, Carr R, Yoshida A, Dean JL, Schiewer MJ, Feng FY, Tomlins SA, Gao E, Koch WJ, Benovic JL, Diehl JA, Knudsen KE. Consequence of the tumor-associated conversion to cyclin D1b. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:628-47. [PMID: 25787974 PMCID: PMC4492821 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that cyclin D1b, a variant of cyclin D1, is associated with tumor progression and poor outcome. However, the underlying molecular basis was unknown. Here, novel models were created to generate a genetic switch from cyclin D1 to cyclin D1b. Extensive analyses uncovered overlapping but non-redundant functions of cyclin D1b compared to cyclin D1 on developmental phenotypes, and illustrated the importance of the transcriptional regulatory functions of cyclin D1b in vivo. Data obtained identify cyclin D1b as an oncogene, wherein cyclin D1b expression under the endogenous promoter induced cellular transformation and further cooperated with known oncogenes to promote tumor growth in vivo. Further molecular interrogation uncovered unexpected links between cyclin D1b and the DNA damage/PARP1 regulatory networks, which could be exploited to suppress cyclin D1b-driven tumors. Collectively, these data are the first to define the consequence of cyclin D1b expression on normal cellular function, present evidence for cyclin D1b as an oncogene, and provide pre-clinical evidence of effective methods to thwart growth of cells dependent upon this oncogenic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Augello
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa D Berman-Booty
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Carr
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeffry L Dean
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- Pharmacology & Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Pharmacology & Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Benovic
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Alan Diehl
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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