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Kalsekar AS, Abdelrahim DN, Faris ME. Effect of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, inflammatory, and hormonal markers in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1362226. [PMID: 38646104 PMCID: PMC11026672 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1362226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder that leads to ovarian cysts, irregular ovulation, and hormonal swings in women. It is a complex and heterogeneous condition that affects 4 to 20% of women of reproductive age worldwide and relates to reproductive, metabolic, and psychosocial dysfunction. Dietary and lifestyle modifications have been proposed to play a central role in the management of PCOS. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive systemic overview of the existing literature on the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) and calorie restriction (CR) regimens on disease markers of PCOS. Designs and methods Several databases, such as CINAHL, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Google Scholar, ProQuest Medical, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for clinical trials and observational studies examined the effects of IF regimens such as time-restricted eating and Ramadan model of IF (RIF) on glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, inflammatory and hormonal markers in patients with PCOS. Results This systematic review solicited three articles, comprising a collective sample size of 75 females diagnosed with PCOS. The studies were published between 2015 to 2023 and were undertaken in three countries: China, Turkey, and Iran. The research articles examined the effects of intervention with IF and CR on PCOS-related parameters such as anthropometric measures and biochemical tests which included enzymes, glycemic control, lipid profile, hormonal, and oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. The articles yielded mixed results, with two of them showing significant changes across all tested parameters. One of the three studies did not exhibit any significant changes. Conclusion Very limited studies examined the relationship between IR and CR with markers of PCOS. Further well-controlled studies need to be undertaken the combined results from the limited studies illustrate the intricate and diverse nature of IF, including the RIF, and its influence on measurements of body composition and biochemical markers related to PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam S. Kalsekar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dana N. Abdelrahim
- Health Promotion Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - MoezAlIslam E. Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Healthy Aging, Longevity and Sustainability Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Koppold-Liebscher DA, Klatte C, Demmrich S, Schwarz J, Kandil FI, Steckhan N, Ring R, Kessler CS, Jeitler M, Koller B, Ananthasubramaniam B, Eisenmann C, Mähler A, Boschmann M, Kramer A, Michalsen A. Effects of Daytime Dry Fasting on Hydration, Glucose Metabolism and Circadian Phase: A Prospective Exploratory Cohort Study in Bahá'í Volunteers. Front Nutr 2021; 8:662310. [PMID: 34395487 PMCID: PMC8358295 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.662310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Religiously motivated Bahá'í fasting (BF) is a form of intermittent dry fasting celebrated by abstaining from food and drinks during daylight hours every year in March for 19 consecutive days. Aim: To test the safety and effects of BF on hydration, metabolism, and the circadian clock. Methods: Thirty-four healthy Bahá'í volunteers (15 women) participated in this prospective, exploratory cohort study. Laboratory examinations were carried out in four study visits: before fasting (V0), in the third week of fasting (V1) as well as 3 weeks (V3) and 3 months (V4) after fasting. Data collection included blood and urine samples, anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis. At V0 and V1, 24- and 12-hour urine and serum osmolality were measured. At V0–V2, alterations in the circadian clock phase were monitored in 16 participants. Our study was augmented by an additional survey with 144 healthy Bahá'í volunteers filling out questionnaires and with subgroups attending metabolic measurements (n = 11) and qualitative interviews (n = 13), the results of which will be published separately. Results: Exploratory data analysis revealed that serum osmolality (n = 34, p < 0.001) and 24-hour urine osmolality (n = 34, p = 0.003) decreased during daytime fasting but remained largely within the physiological range and returned to pre-fasting levels during night hours. BMI (body mass index), total body fat mass, and resting metabolic rate decreased during fasting (n = 34, p < 0.001), while body cell mass and body water appeared unchanged. The circadian phase estimated by transcript biomarkers of blood monocytes advanced by 1.1 h (n = 16, p < 0.005) during fasting and returned to pre-fasting values 3 weeks after fasting. Most observed changes were not detectable anymore 3 months after fasting. Conclusions: Results indicate that BF (Bahá'í fasting) is safe, has no negative effects on hydration, can improve fat metabolism and can cause transient phase shifts of circadian rhythms. Trial Registration:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT03443739.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Koppold-Liebscher
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Klatte
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Demmrich
- Department of Sociology, Cluster of Excellence Religion and Politics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Schwarz
- Department of Oecotrophology, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Science, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Farid I Kandil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Steckhan
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Connected Healthcare, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Raphaela Ring
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian S Kessler
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Jeitler
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Koller
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Anja Mähler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center-a Joint Cooperation Between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Boschmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center-a Joint Cooperation Between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Michalsen
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Tippairote T, Bjørklund G, Yaovapak A. The continuum of disrupted metabolic tempo, mitochondrial substrate congestion, and metabolic gridlock toward the development of non-communicable diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6837-6853. [PMID: 33797995 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1907299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are the slow-motion disasters with imminent global health care burden. The current dietary management for NCD is dominated by the calorie balance model. Apart from the quantitative balance of calorie, healthy bioenergetics requires temporal eating and fasting rhythms, and the subsequent switching for different metabolic fuels. We herein term these three bioenergetic attributes, i.e., caloric balance, diurnal eating-fasting rhythm, and metabolic flexibility, as the metabolic tempo. These three attributes are intertwined with each other; alteration of one attribute affects one or more other attributes. Lifestyle-induced disrupted metabolic tempo presents a high flux of mixed carbon substrates to mitochondria, with the resulting congestion and indecisiveness of metabolic switches. Such indecisiveness impairs metabolic flexibility, promotes anabolism, and accumulates the energy storage pools. The triggers from hypoxic inducible factor expression could further promote the metabolic gridlock and adipocyte maladaptation. The maladaptive adipocytes lead to ectopic fat deposition, increased circulating lipid levels, insulin resistance, and chronic systemic inflammation. These continuum set stages for clinical NCDs. We propose that the restoration of all tempo attributes through the combined diet-, time-, and calorie-restricted interventions could be the preferred strategy for NCD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsak Tippairote
- Nutritional and Environmental Section, Thailand Initiatives for Functional Medicine, Bangkok Thailand.,Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Healing Passion Medical Center, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Augchara Yaovapak
- Nutritional and Environmental Section, Thailand Initiatives for Functional Medicine, Bangkok Thailand.,Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Healing Passion Medical Center, Bangkok Thailand
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Faris MAIE, Salem ML, Jahrami HA, Madkour MI, BaHammam AS. Ramadan intermittent fasting and immunity: An important topic in the era of COVID-19. Ann Thorac Med 2020; 15:125-133. [PMID: 32831933 PMCID: PMC7423203 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_151_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
WITH the growing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, a parallel growing interest arose concerning potential preventive and adjunct therapies, dietary and lifestyle modifications, and remedies that may boost the immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, as Ramadan intermittent religious fasting that is practiced by about one and a half billion Muslims throughout the globe is coincide this year with COVID-19 pandemic, a growing debate rose concerning the expected impact of fasting during Ramadan month and the associated dietary and lifestyle behaviors on the body's immunity against the pandemic infection. Published literature was searched to find out how intermittent fasting (IF) and its model of Ramadan affect the various aspects related to the body's immunity against microbial infections. IF was found to impact immunity by changing different related elements, including oxidative stress and inflammation, metabolism, body weight, and body composition. Dietary and lifestyle modifications during Ramadan month and their impact on immunity, such as water intake and hydration status, sleep duration and timing, caloric intake and mealtime, and social and spirtual activities, were addressed. Further research is warranted to figure out how IF during ramadan affects immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo'ez A-Islam E. Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed L. Salem
- Immunology and Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Haitham A. Jahrami
- Rehabilitation Services, Periphery Hospitals, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Mohamed I. Madkour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed S. BaHammam
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University, Reyad, Saudi Arabia
- The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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