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Milenković M, Warżajtis B, Rychlewska U, Radanović D, Anđelković K, Božić T, Vujčić M, Sladić D. Synthesis, spectral and solid state characterization of a new bioactive hydrazine bridged cyclic diphosphonium compound. Molecules 2012; 17:2567-78. [PMID: 22388967 PMCID: PMC6268038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17032567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The facile preparation of a racemic hydrazine bridged diphosphonium compound possessing a ring system analogous to bicyclo[3.3.2]decane is reported. Although the reaction yield is low, the structure of the compound, which possesses an eight-membered ring, two phosphonium cationic centers, a biimino bridge, molecular chirality and two fused aromatic rings locked into roughly perpendicular planes is unusual. The compound displays substantial biological activity in the brine shrimp test and cleaves plasmid DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Milenković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Beata Warżajtis
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Urszula Rychlewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dušanka Radanović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, P.O. Box 815, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Anđelković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Božić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslava Vujčić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, P.O. Box 815, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Sladić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Abstract
Metnase (SETMAR) is a SET-transposase fusion protein that promotes nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair in humans. Although both SET and the transposase domains were necessary for its function in DSB repair, it is not clear what specific role Metnase plays in the NHEJ. In this study, we show that Metnase possesses a unique endonuclease activity that preferentially acts on ssDNA and ssDNA-overhang of a partial duplex DNA. Cell extracts lacking Metnase poorly supported DNA end joining, and addition of wt-Metnase to cell extracts lacking Metnase markedly stimulated DNA end joining, while a mutant (D483A) lacking endonuclease activity did not. Given that Metnase overexpression enhanced DNA end processing in vitro, our finding suggests a role for Metnase's endonuclease activity in promoting the joining of noncompatible ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Beck
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Sung-Sook Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Elizabeth Williamson
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida and Shands Health Care System, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Robert A. Hromas
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida and Shands Health Care System, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Suk-Hee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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3
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Little EJ, Dunten PW, Bitinaite J, Horton NC. New clues in the allosteric activation of DNA cleavage by SgrAI: structures of SgrAI bound to cleaved primary-site DNA and uncleaved secondary-site DNA. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2011; 67:67-74. [PMID: 21206063 PMCID: PMC3016018 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444910047785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SgrAI is a type II restriction endonuclease that cuts an unusually long recognition sequence and exhibits allosteric self-activation with expansion of DNA-sequence specificity. The three-dimensional crystal structures of SgrAI bound to cleaved primary-site DNA and Mg²(+) and bound to secondary-site DNA with either Mg²(+) or Ca²(+) are presented. All three structures show a conformation of enzyme and DNA similar to the previously determined dimeric structure of SgrAI bound to uncleaved primary-site DNA and Ca²(+) [Dunten et al. (2008), Nucleic Acids Res. 36, 5405-5416], with the exception of the cleaved bond and a slight shifting of the DNA in the SgrAI/cleaved primary-site DNA/Mg²(+) structure. In addition, a new metal ion binding site is located in one of the two active sites in this structure, which is consistent with proposals for the existence of a metal-ion site near the 3'-O leaving group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Little
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Pete W. Dunten
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Nancy C. Horton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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4
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Li N, Ma L, Wang J, Zheng L, Liu J, Duan Y, Liu H, Zhao X, Wang S, Wang H, Hong F, Xie Y. Interaction Between Nano-Anatase TiO(2) and Liver DNA from Mice In Vivo. Nanoscale Res Lett 2009; 5:108-115. [PMID: 20652136 PMCID: PMC2893935 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-009-9451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nano-TiO(2) was shown to cause various toxic effects in both rats and mice; however, the molecular mechanism by which TiO(2) exerts its toxicity is poorly understood. In this report, an interaction of nano-anatase TiO(2) with liver DNA from ICR mice was systematically studied in vivo using ICP-MS, various spectral methods and gel electrophoresis. We found that the liver weights of the mice treated with higher amounts of nano-anatase TiO(2) were significantly increased. Nano-anatase TiO(2) could be accumulated in liver DNA by inserting itself into DNA base pairs or binding to DNA nucleotide that bound with three oxygen or nitrogen atoms and two phosphorous atoms of DNA with the Ti-O(N) and Ti-P bond lengths of 1.87 and 2.38 A, respectively, and alter the conformation of DNA. And gel electrophoresis showed that higher dose of nano-anatase TiO(2) could cause liver DNA cleavage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linglan Ma
- Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jue Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Duan
- Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiting Liu
- Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fashui Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaning Xie
- Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Institute of High Energy Physics, The Chinese Academy of Science, 100039, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Carr SB, Makris G, Phillips SEV, Thomas CD. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of two N-terminal fragments of the DNA-cleavage domain of topoisomerase IV from Staphylococcus aureus. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2006; 62:1164-7. [PMID: 17077506 PMCID: PMC2225206 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309106044150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase IV removes undesirable topological features from DNA molecules in order to help maintain chromosome stability. Two constructs of 56 and 59 kDa spanning the DNA-cleavage domain of the A subunit of topoisomerase IV from Staphylococcus aureus (termed GrlA56 and GrlA59) have been crystallized. Crystals were grown at 291 K using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion technique with PEG 3350 as a precipitant. Preliminary X-ray analysis revealed that GrlA56 crystals belong to space group P2(1), diffract to a resolution of 2.9 A and possess unit-cell parameters a = 83.6, b = 171.5, c = 87.8 A, beta = 90.1 degrees, while crystals of GrlA59 belong to space group P2(1)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 41.5, b = 171.89, c = 87.9 A. These crystals diffract to a resolution of 2.8 A. This is the first report of the crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the DNA-cleavage domain of a topoisomerase IV from a Gram-positive organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Carr
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England, UK.
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Roginskaya M, Razskazovskiy Y, Bernhard WA. 2-Deoxyribonolactone lesions in X-ray-irradiated DNA: quantitative determination by catalytic 5-methylene-2-furanone release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:6210-3. [PMID: 16136620 PMCID: PMC1847615 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William A. Bernhard
- M. Roginskaya, Prof. W. A. Bernhard, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642 (USA), Fax: (+1)585-275-6005, E-mail: Prof. Y. Razskazovskiy, Department of Physics, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614 (USA)
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7
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Yu H. Environmental carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: photochemistry and phototoxicity. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev 2002; 20:149-83. [PMID: 12515673 PMCID: PMC3812823 DOI: 10.1081/gnc-120016203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of environmental contaminants that has long been of interest in the fields of organic chemistry, theoretical chemistry, physical chemistry, environmental science, toxicology, cancer research, and energy sciences. Concerning environmental science and cancer research, majority of the research has focused on the occurrence, environmental fate, degradation/remediation, chemical transformation, genotoxicity, metabolism and metabolic activation, DNA adduct formation, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis. Although many books and reviews on these subjects have been published, PAH photochemistry and phototoxicity have received much less attention. Therefore, it is intended for this article to provide an up-to-date source of photochemical reaction, photo-transformation, and phototoxicity of PAHs and their oxygenated, nitrated, halogenated, and amino substituted derivatives on a molecular basis. A perspective for future work is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
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Nagaoka H, Muramatsu M, Yamamura N, Kinoshita K, Honjo T. Activation-induced deaminase (AID)-directed hypermutation in the immunoglobulin Smu region: implication of AID involvement in a common step of class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation. J Exp Med 2002; 195:529-34. [PMID: 11854365 PMCID: PMC2193625 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20012144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) cause distinct genetic alterations at different regions of immunoglobulin genes in B lymphocytes: point mutations in variable regions and large deletions in S regions, respectively. Yet both depend on activation-induced deaminase (AID), the function of which in the two reactions has been an enigma. Here we report that B cell stimulation which induces CSR but not SHM, leads to AID-dependent accumulation of SHM-like point mutations in the switch mu region, uncoupled with CSR. These findings strongly suggest that AID itself or a single molecule generated by RNA editing function of AID may mediate a common step of SHM and CSR, which is likely to be involved in DNA cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Nagaoka
- Department of Medical Chemistry Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Tillman RE, Wooley AL, Hughes MM, Wehrly TD, Swat W, Sleckman BP. Restrictions limiting the generation of DNA double strand breaks during chromosomal V(D)J recombination. J Exp Med 2002; 195:309-16. [PMID: 11828005 PMCID: PMC2193590 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20011803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen receptor loci are composed of numerous variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments, each flanked by recombination signal sequences (RSSs). The V(D)J recombination reaction proceeds through RSS recognition and DNA cleavage steps making it possible for multiple DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) to be introduced at a single locus. Here we use ligation-mediated PCR to analyze DNA cleavage intermediates in thymocytes from mice with targeted RSS mutations at the endogenous TCRbeta locus. We show that DNA cleavage does not occur at individual RSSs but rather must be coordinated between RSS pairs flanking gene segments that ultimately form coding joins. Coordination of the DNA cleavage step occurs over great distances in the chromosome and favors intra- over interchromosomal recombination. Furthermore, through several restrictions imposed on the generation of both nonpaired and paired DNA DSBs, this requirement promotes antigen receptor gene integrity and genomic stability in developing lymphocytes undergoing V(D)J recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Tillman
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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10
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Wadia JS, Chalmers-Redman RM, Ju WJ, Carlile GW, Phillips JL, Fraser AD, Tatton WG. Mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear changes in apoptosis caused by serum and nerve growth factor withdrawal: time course and modification by (-)-deprenyl. J Neurosci 1998; 18:932-47. [PMID: 9437015 PMCID: PMC6792769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in non-neural cells have suggested that a fall in mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsiM) is one of the earliest events in apoptosis. It is not known whether neural apoptosis caused by nerve growth factor (NGF) and serum withdrawal involves a decrease in DeltaPsiM. We used epifluorescence and laser confocal microscopy with the mitochondrial potentiometric dyes chloromethyl-tetramethylrosamine methyl ester and 5,5',6, 6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethybenzimidazol carbocyanine iodide to estimate DeltaPsiM. PC12 cells were differentiated in media containing serum and NGF for 6 d before withdrawal of trophic support. After washing, the cells were incubated with media containing serum and NGF (M/S+N), media without serum and NGF, or media with the "trophic-like" monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, (-)-deprenyl. Mitochondria in cells without trophic support underwent a progressive shift to lower DeltaPsiM values that was significant by 3 hr after washing. The percentages of cells with nuclear chromatin condensation or nuclear DNA fragmentation were not significantly increased above those for cells in M/S+N until 6 hr after washing. Replacement of cells into M/S+N or treatment with (-)-deprenyl markedly reduced the proportion of mitochondria with decreased DeltaPsiM. Measurements of cytoplasmic peroxyl radical levels with 2',7'-dihydrodichlorofluorescein fluorescence and intramitochondrial Ca2+ with dihydro-rhodamine-2-acetylmethyl ester indicated that cytoplasmic peroxyl radical levels were not increased until after 6 hr, whereas increases in intramitochondrial Ca2+ paralleled the decreases in DeltaPsiM. (-)-Deprenyl appeared to alter the relationship between intramitochondrial Ca2+ levels and DeltaPsiM, possibly through its reported capacity to increase the synthesis of proteins such as BCL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Wadia
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M55 1A8
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Yoshinari T, Mano E, Arakawa H, Kurama M, Iguchi T, Nakagawa S, Tanaka N, Okura A. Stereo (C7)-dependent topoisomerase II inhibition and tumor growth suppression by a new quinolone, BO-2367. Jpn J Cancer Res 1993; 84:800-6. [PMID: 8396568 PMCID: PMC5919197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1993.tb02047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A new antimicrobial quinolone (-)BO-2367, (-)-7-[(1R*, 2R*, 6R*)-2-amino-8-azabicyclo[4.3.0.]-non-3-en-8-yl]-1- cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, strongly inhibited both mammalian and bacterial topoisomerase II. The IC50 values of (-)BO-2367 against the DNA relaxation activity of L1210 topoisomerase II and the supercoiling activities of Escherichia coli gyrase and Micrococcus luteus gyrase were 3.8, 0.5, and 1 microM, respectively. This compound enhanced double-stranded DNA cleavage mediated by topoisomerase II not only with purified enzyme, but also with intact L1210 cells. All these activities of (-)BO-2367 were more than 2-fold stronger than those of VP-16. Intriguingly, (+)BO-2367, which has an enantiomeric substituent at the C7 position of (-)BO-2367, did not affect the activity of the mammalian topoisomerase II, while it inhibited E. coli gyrase. Intraperitoneal injection of (-)BO-2367 at 0.08 mg/kg increased the lifespan of CDF1 female mice bearing ascitic L1210 leukemia by 2.4 times, and subcutaneous injection at 1.25 mg/kg completely inhibited the growth of colon 26 carcinoma implanted subcutaneously. These results suggest that (-)BO-2367 is a potent antitumor agent which targets topoisomerase II. These enantiomers should be a useful tool for studying drug-topoisomerase II interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshinari
- Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute in Collaboration with Merck Research Laboratories, Tsukuba
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Abstract
SV40 (Simian Virus 40) DNA was pulse-labeled with [(3)H]thymidine in infected monkey cells, and the distribution of label within newly completed molecules was determined by analysis of specific fragments produced by restriction endonuclease from Hemophilus influenzae. From these data, an order of synthesis or temporal order of the fragments was deduced. Comparison of the temporal order with the physical order of the fragments in the SV40 DNA molecule indicates a correspondence in these orders for two separate groups of fragments. From an analysis of the results, we conclude that SV40 DNA replication begins at a specific site and proceeds bidirectionally, terminating about halfway around the circular molecule from the initiation point.
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