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Ji B, Xue Y, Xu Y, Liu S, Gough AH, Xie XQ, Wang J. Drug-Drug Interaction Between Oxycodone and Diazepam by a Combined in Silico Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling Approach. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1777-1790. [PMID: 33950681 PMCID: PMC8374491 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids and benzodiazepines have complex drug-drug interactions (DDIs), which serve as an important source of adverse drug effects. In this work, we predicted the DDI between oxycodone (OXY) and diazepam (DZP) in the human body by applying in silico pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling and simulation. First, we studied the PK interaction between OXY and DZP with a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. Second, we applied molecular modeling techniques including molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and the molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) free energy method to predict the PD-DDI between these two drugs. The PK interaction between OXY and DZP predicted by the PBPK model was not obvious. No significant interaction was observed between the two drugs at normal doses, though very high doses of DZP demonstrated a non-negligible inhibitory effect on OXY metabolism. On the contrary, the molecular modeling study shows that DZP has potential to compete with OXY at the same binding pocket of the active μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and κ-opioid receptor (KOR). MD simulation and MM-PBSA calculation results demonstrated that there is likely a synergetic effect between OXY and DZP binding to opioid receptors, as OXY is likely to target the active MOR while DZP selectively binds to the active KOR. Thus, pharmacokinetics contributes slightly to the DDI between OXY and DZP although an overdose of DZP has been brought to attention. Pharmacodynamics is likely to play a more important role than pharmacokinetics in revealing the mechanism of DDI between OXY and DZP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beihong Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, The University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,NIH National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, The University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,NIH National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, The University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,NIH National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, The University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,NIH National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | - Albert H Gough
- Computational and Systems Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Drug Discovery Institute, 800 Murdoch Building, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Xiang Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, The University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,NIH National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA.,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Xiang-Qun Xie: Corresponding author, , School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh; Junmei Wang: Corresponding author, , School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, The University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,NIH National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA.,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Xiang-Qun Xie: Corresponding author, , School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh; Junmei Wang: Corresponding author, , School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh
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Kawasaki T, Shiozaki Y, Nomura N, Kawai K, Uwai Y, Nabekura T. Investigation of Fluorescent Substrates and Substrate-Dependent Interactions of a Drug Transporter Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1). Pharm Res 2020; 37:115. [PMID: 32483763 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we investigated organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1)-mediated uptake of fluorescent anions to better identify fluorescent substrates for in vitro OATP2B1 assays. The OATP2B1 is involved in the intestinal absorption and one of the pharmacokinetic determinants of orally administered drugs. METHODS A microplate reader was used to determine the cellular accumulation of the fluorescent compounds into the OATP2B1 or the empty vector-transfected HEK293 cells. RESULTS Two types of derivatives were found to be OATP2B1 substrates: heavy halogenated derivatives, such as 4',5'-dibromofluorescein (DBF), and carboxylated derivatives, such as 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-CF). The DBF and 5-CF were transported in a time and concentration-dependent manner. The DBF was transported at a broad pH (pH 6.5-8.0) while 5-CF was transported at an acidic pH (pH 5.5-6.5). The Km values were 0.818 ± 0.067 μM at pH 7.4 for DBF and 8.56 ± 0.41 μM at pH 5.5 for 5-CF. The OATP2B1 inhibitors, including atorvastatin, bromosulfophthalein, glibenclamide, sulfasalazine, talinolol, and estrone 3-sulfate, inhibited the DBF and the 5-CF transport. Contrastively, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and progesterone inhibited the DBF transport but stimulated the 5-CF transport. Natural flavonoid aglycones, such as naringenin and baicalein, also exhibited substrate-dependent effects in this manner. CONCLUSION We found two fluorescein analogs, DBF and 5-CF as the OATP2B1 substrates that exhibited substrate-dependent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kawasaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiozaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Naoki Nomura
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Kumi Kawai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Yuichi Uwai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nabekura
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan.
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