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Zhao Z, Wang Z, Yu Y, Hu Y. Localized Electron Density Regulation Effect for Promoting Solid-Liquid Ion Adsorption to Enhance Areal Capacitance of Micro-Supercapacitors. Small 2023; 19:e2302489. [PMID: 37291975 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of flexible microelectronic systems requires the construction of high-energy-output planar micro-supercapacitors (MSCs). Herein, the localized electron density, by introducing graphene quantum dots (GQDs) on the surface of electrodes, is regulated. The enhanced local field intensity promotes ion electrostatic adsorption at the solid-liquid interface, which significantly improves the energy density of MSCs in the confined space. Local electronic structure has been investigated from the perspective of the topological analysis of the electron localization function (ELF) and the electron density. Impressively, the edges of the simulated structure exhibit a higher electron density distribution than the CC skeleton. This finding indicates that the introduced GQDs reinforce the intrinsic electrical double-layer capacitance (EDLC) and the oxygen-bearing functional groups at the edge, further increasing the pseudocapacitance performance. Moreover, the edge electron aggregation effect enables the all-carbon-based symmetric MSCs to exhibit ultra-high areal capacitance (21.78 mF cm-2 ) and excellent cycle stability (86.74% retention after 25 000 cycles). This novel surface local charge regulation strategy is also applied for intensifying ion electrostatic adsorption on Zn-ion hybrid MSCs (polyvalent metal ions) and ion-gel electrolyte MSCs (non-metallic ions). With excellent planar integration, this device demonstrates excellent flexibility and has potential applications in timing and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dying & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zixi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dying & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yingsong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dying & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dying & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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