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Comparat D, Malbrunot C, Malbrunot-Ettenauer S, Widmann E, Yzombard P. Experimental perspectives on the matter-antimatter asymmetry puzzle: developments in electron EDM and [Formula: see text] experiments. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2024; 382:20230089. [PMID: 38104615 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In the search for clues to the matter-antimatter puzzle, experiments with atoms or molecules play a particular role. These systems allow measurements with very high precision, as demonstrated by the unprecedented limits down to [Formula: see text] e cm on electron EDM using molecular ions, and relative measurements at the level of [Formula: see text] in spectroscopy of antihydrogen atoms. Building on these impressive measurements, new experimental directions offer potential for drastic improvements. We review here some of the new perspectives in those fields and their associated prospects for new physics searches. This article is part of the theme issue 'The particle-gravity frontier'.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Comparat
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 505, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - C Malbrunot
- Physical Science Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2A3
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - S Malbrunot-Ettenauer
- Physical Science Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2A3
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7
| | - E Widmann
- Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - P Yzombard
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Université, Collège de France, Paris 75252, France
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Morris IM, Klink K, Singh JT, Mendoza-Cortes JL, Nicley SS, Becker JN. Rare isotope-containing diamond colour centres for fundamental symmetry tests. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2024; 382:20230169. [PMID: 38043574 PMCID: PMC10693981 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Detecting a non-zero electric dipole moment in a particle would unambiguously signify physics beyond the Standard Model. A potential pathway towards this is the detection of a nuclear Schiff moment, the magnitude of which is enhanced by the presence of nuclear octupole deformation. However, due to the low production rate of isotopes featuring such 'pear-shaped' nuclei, capturing, detecting and manipulating them efficiently is a crucial prerequisite. Incorporating them into synthetic diamond optical crystals can produce defects with defined, molecule-like structures and isolated electronic states within the diamond band gap, increasing capture efficiency, enabling repeated probing of even a single atom and producing narrow optical linewidths. In this study, we used density functional theory to investigate the formation, structure and electronic properties of crystal defects in diamond containing [Formula: see text], a rare isotope that is predicted to have an exceptionally strong nuclear octupole deformation. In addition, we identified and studied stable lanthanide-containing defects with similar electronic structures as non-radioactive proxies to aid in experimental methods. Our findings hold promise for the existence of such defects and can contribute to the development of a quantum information processing-inspired toolbox of techniques for studying rare isotopes. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Diamond for quantum applications'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Morris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kai Klink
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jaideep T. Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jose L. Mendoza-Cortes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shannon S. Nicley
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Coatings and Diamond Technologies Division, Center Midwest (CMW), Fraunhofer USA Inc., 1449 Engineering Research Court,East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jonas N. Becker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Coatings and Diamond Technologies Division, Center Midwest (CMW), Fraunhofer USA Inc., 1449 Engineering Research Court,East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Bhatia M, Biasioli F, Cappellin L, Piseri P, Manini N. Ab initio calculation of the proton transfer reaction rate coefficients to volatile organic compounds related to cork taint in wine. J Mass Spectrom 2020; 55:e4592. [PMID: 32748482 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We compute the proton transfer rates to a range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) related to cork taint in wine. These rates are useful to support quantification in proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and in selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). We apply the average dipole orientation theory and the parameterized trajectory method to evaluate the rate coefficients for proton transfer occurring in ion-molecule collision, from both H3 O+ and NH 4 + to the VOCs. The main input ingredients for these methods are the electric dipole moment and polarizability of the VOC molecules, which we evaluate by means of quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory. We provide new data for proton transfer rate coefficients of compounds responsible for cork taint and off-flavor in wine such as chloroanisoles, bromoanisoles, methylisoborneol, guaiacol, and terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Bhatia
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milan, I-20133, Italy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Italy
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Italy
| | - Luca Cappellin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1Padua, 35121, Italy
| | - Paolo Piseri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milan, I-20133, Italy
| | - Nicola Manini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milan, I-20133, Italy
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Kang M, Kim S, Kim HJ, Shrestha P, Yun JH, Phee BK, Lee W, Nam HG, Chang I. The C-Domain of the NAC Transcription Factor ANAC019 Is Necessary for pH-Tuned DNA Binding through a Histidine Switch in the N-Domain. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1141-1150. [PMID: 29386103 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The affinity of transcription factors (TFs) for their target DNA is a critical determinant of gene expression. Whether the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of TFs alone can regulate binding affinity to DNA is an important question for identifying the design principle of TFs. We studied ANAC019, a member of the NAC TF family of proteins in Arabidopsis, and found a well-conserved histidine switch located in its DBD, which regulates both homodimerization and transcriptional control of the TF through H135 protonation. We found that the removal of a C-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) in the TF abolished the pH-dependent binding of the N-terminal DBD to DNA. We propose a mechanism in which long-range electrostatic interactions between DNA and the negatively charged C-terminal IDR turns on the pH dependency of the DNA-binding affinity of the N-terminal DBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mooseok Kang
- Center for Proteome Biophysics, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sangyeol Kim
- Center for Proteome Biophysics, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Pravesh Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Bong-Kwan Phee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Weontae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Korea; Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Iksoo Chang
- Center for Proteome Biophysics, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea.
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Song J, Zhang L, Kong X, Hu X, Meng D, Zhu Z. Electric Properties of Molecule Zr₂Fe Based on the Full Relativistic Theory. Molecules 2019; 24:E1127. [PMID: 30901904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work is devoted to the study of the electric properties: electric dipole moment, electric quadrupole moment, electric field gradients and electric dipole polarizability of molecule Zr2Fe on base of the full relativistic theory with basis set 3–21G. The electric dipole moment of Zr2Fe is symmetrical to the axis of C2V—the vector sum of two projections for two chemical bond FeZr (3.2883 Å), based on when there is charge distribution. The force constant k2 is directly connected with electric field gradients.
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Solanki A, Bagui A, Long G, Wu B, Salim T, Chen Y, Lam YM, Sum TC. Effectiveness of External Electric Field Treatment of Conjugated Polymers in Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:32282-32291. [PMID: 27618844 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
External electric field treatment (EFT) on P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices was recently found to be a viable approach for improving the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) through modulating the blend nanomorphology. However, its effectiveness over the broad family of polymer-fullerene blends remains unclear. Herein, we investigate the effects of external EFT on various polymer-fullerene blends with distinct morphologies stemming from the difference in molecular structure of the polymers (i.e., semicrystalline vs amorphous) in a bid to establish a clear morphology-function-charge dynamics relationship to the photovoltaic performance. Our findings reveal that EFT promotes self-organization of the semicrystalline thiophene-based conjugated polymers (i.e., P3HT and P3BT) while it was ineffective for the amorphous polymers (i.e., PTB7 and PCPDTBT) even at the maximum applied E-field of 8 kV cm-1. Transient absorption spectroscopy shows an improvement in the initial charge-carrier and polaron formation from delocalized excitons in the E-field treated semicrystalline blends compared to their untreated reference samples. Interfacial trap-assisted monomolecular and trap-free bimolecular recombination at nanosecond-microsecond time scale in the E-field treated P3BT:PC60BM devices are significantly suppressed. Importantly, our findings shed new light and provide guidelines on the effectiveness of utilizing external EFT to enhance the PCEs of a larger family of conjugated polymer-based BHJ OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Solanki
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Anirban Bagui
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Guankui Long
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Teddy Salim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yeng Ming Lam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N) , 1 CleanTech Loop, #06-04 CleanTech One, Singapore 637141
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N) , 1 CleanTech Loop, #06-04 CleanTech One, Singapore 637141
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Abstract
The neutron, in addition to possibly having a permanent electric dipole moment as a consequence of violation of time-reversal invariance, develops an induced electric dipole moment in the presence of an external electric field. We present here a unified nonrelativistic description of these two phenomena, in which the dipole moment operator, [Formula: see text], is not constrained to lie along the spin operator. Although the expectation value of [Formula: see text] in the neutron is less than [Formula: see text] of the neutron radius, [Formula: see text], the expectation value of [Formula: see text] is of order [Formula: see text] We determine the spin motion in external electric and magnetic fields, as used in past and future searches for a permanent dipole moment, and show that the neutron electric polarizability, although entering the neutron energy in an external electric field, does not affect the spin motion. In a simple nonrelativistic model we show that the expectation value of the permanent dipole is, to lowest order, proportional to the product of the time-reversal-violating coupling strength and the electric polarizability of the neutron.
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Golub R, Huffman PR. Search for a Neutron Electric Dipole Moment. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 2005; 110:169-72. [PMID: 27308116 PMCID: PMC4849591 DOI: 10.6028/jres.110.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The possible existence of a nonzero electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron is of great fundamental interest in itself and directly impacts our understanding of the nature of electro-weak and strong interactions. The experimental search for this moment has the potential to reveal new sources of T and CP violation and to challenge calculations that propose extensions to the Standard Model. The goal of the current experiment is to significantly improve the measurement sensitivity to the neutron EDM over what is reported in the literature. The experiment has the potential to either measure the magnitude of the neutron EDM or to lower the current experimental limit by two orders of magnitude. Achieving these objectives will have a major impact on our understanding of the physics of both weak and strong interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Golub
- Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - P R Huffman
- Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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