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Chiou HYC, Lin MW, Hsiao PJ, Chen CL, Chiao S, Lin TY, Chen YC, Wu DC, Lin MH. Dulaglutide Modulates the Development of Tissue-Infiltrating Th1/Th17 Cells and the Pathogenicity of Encephalitogenic Th1 Cells in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1584. [PMID: 30934882 PMCID: PMC6479396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) has been reported to play a vital role in neuroprotection. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-established animal model widely used to study human multiple sclerosis, a chronic demyelination disease in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, important studies have designated that the signaling axis of GLP-1 and its receptor controls the clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of EAE. However, it is elusive whether GLP-1 receptor signaling regulates the phenotype of autoreactive T cells in the CNS. We administered dulaglutide, a well-established GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), to treat EAE mice prophylactically or semi-therapeutically and subsequently analyzed the mononuclear cells of the CNS. In this study, dulaglutide treatment significantly alleviates the clinical manifestations and histopathological outcomes of EAE. Dulaglutide decreases incidences of encephalitogenic Th1/Th17 cells and Th1 granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression in the CNS. Administration of dulaglutide failed to control the chemotactic abilities of encephalitogenic Th1 and Th17 cells; however, prophylactic treatment considerably decreased the populations of dendritic cells and macrophages in the CNS parenchyma. These results obtained indicate that dulaglutide modulates the differentiation of encephalitogenic Th1/Th17 and the pathogenicity of Th1 cells by influencing antigen presenting cells quantities, providing mechanism insight on T cells regulation in ameliorating EAE by GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ying Clair Chiou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan.
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
| | - Pi-Jung Hsiao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan.
| | - Shiang Chiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Yi Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hong Lin
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
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Kipnis J, Yoles E, Schori H, Hauben E, Shaked I, Schwartz M. Neuronal survival after CNS insult is determined by a genetically encoded autoimmune response. J Neurosci 2001; 21:4564-71. [PMID: 11425884 PMCID: PMC6762348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury to the CNS is often followed by a spread of damage (secondary degeneration), resulting in neuronal losses that are substantially greater than might have been predicted from the severity of the primary insult. Studies in our laboratory have shown that injured CNS neurons can benefit from active or passive immunization with CNS myelin-associated antigens. The fact that autoimmune T-cells can be both beneficial and destructive, taken together with the established phenomenon of genetic predisposition to autoimmune diseases, raises the question: will genetic predisposition to autoimmune diseases affect the outcome of traumatic insult to the CNS? Here we show that the survival rate of retinal ganglion cells in adult mice or rats after crush injury of the optic nerve or intravitreal injection of a toxic dosage of glutamate is up to twofold higher in strains that are resistant to the CNS autoimmune disease experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) than in susceptible strains. The difference was found to be attributed, at least in part, to a beneficial T-cell response that was spontaneously evoked after CNS insult in the resistant but not in the susceptible strains. In animals of EAE-resistant but not of EAE-susceptible strains devoid of mature T-cells (as a result of having undergone thymectomy at birth), the numbers of surviving neurons after optic nerve injury were significantly lower (by 60%) than in the corresponding normal animals. Moreover, the rate of retinal ganglion cell survival was higher when the optic nerve injury was preceded by an unrelated CNS (spinal cord) injury in the resistant strains but not in the susceptible strains. It thus seems that, in normal animals of EAE-resistant strains (but not of susceptible strains), the injury evokes an endogenous protective response that is T-cell dependent. These findings imply that a protective T-cell-dependent response and resistance to autoimmune disease are regulated by a common mechanism. The results of this study compel us to modify our understanding of autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases, as well as the role of autoimmunity in non-autoimmune CNS disorders. They also obviously have far-reaching clinical implications in terms of prognosis and individual therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity/genetics
- Autoimmunity/immunology
- Cell Count
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Central Nervous System/cytology
- Central Nervous System/immunology
- Central Nervous System/injuries
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Administration Routes
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Glutamic Acid/administration & dosage
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Injections
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Nude
- Nerve Crush
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/immunology
- Optic Nerve Injuries/immunology
- Optic Nerve Injuries/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Retinal Ganglion Cells/immunology
- Retinal Ganglion Cells/pathology
- Species Specificity
- Spinal Cord Injuries/genetics
- Spinal Cord Injuries/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Wounds, Nonpenetrating
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kipnis
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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