Is there scientific relevance to the plot of films and documentaries about eating disorders?

OBJECTIVES

to analyze films and documentaries about eating disorders from the last twenty years, identifying the way they approach the topic as well as their relevance for didactic use in teaching the health field.

METHODS

a descriptive study, whose data collection was carried out on the main streaming and video platforms, resulting in the survey of 60 media. Of these, only 25 had audio/subtitles in Portuguese (inclusion criteria). scientific relevance was analyzed considering psychopathological and epidemiological aspects of these disorders. A questionnaire about the plot, characters and descriptive data analysis were used.

RESULTS

most media were dramas about female teenagers who tried to conform to beauty stereotypes, whose symptoms portrayed converged with current medical diagnostic manuals.

CONCLUSIONS

in practical terms, a classificatory list of 11 media was prepared that could be used as a teaching resource for teaching this topic in the health field.

Problematization methodology's impact on nursing and medical students' knowledge about hypodermoclysis: quasi-experimental study

OBJECTIVE

to analyze the problematization methodology impact on the knowledge of nursing and medical students about hypodermoclysis.

METHOD

quasi-experimental study conducted with 22 undergraduate nursing and medical students from a public Brazilian higher education institution. The students participated in the educational intervention using the problematization methodology based on the Arch of Maguerez. A previously validated questionnaire was used to determin' the students' knowledge level about hypodermoclysis. This instrument was applied before and after the educational intervention. The results were compared by McNemar's test and Student's t test for paired samples.

RESULTS

when comparing the correct answers before and after the intervention, there was a significant increase in 75% of the questions (p<0.05), including theoretical and practical aspects of hypodermoclysis. The mean score on students' self-assessment of the ability to explain (0.9 versus 5.9 points) and perform hypodermoclysis (1.9 versus 5.0) was significantly higher after applying the problematization methodology (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION

the problematization methodology had a positive impact on the students' knowledge about hypodermoclysis. The number of correct answers after the educational intervention was higher than the initial assessment. The problematization methodology can be incorporated into the teaching-learning process of nursing and medical students for teaching procedures such as hypodermoclysis.

BACKGROUND

(1) The problematization methodology had a positive impact on students' knowledge.

BACKGROUND

(2) The number of correct answers after the educational intervention increased.

BACKGROUND

(3) Problematization can be incorporated into the teaching of nursing and medicine.

BACKGROUND

(4) The teaching-learning process through active methodologies should be encouraged.

BACKGROUND

(5) Problematization has the potential to develop cognitive and attitudinal skills.

Characterization of interprofessional education experiences in health education at the University of São Paulo

OBJECTIVE

To map the experiences of Interprofessional Education (IPE) in Health at the São Paulo campus of the University of São Paulo.

METHOD

This is a descriptive, exploratory study with a quantitative approach and data collection through an online questionnaire addressed to teachers from eight teaching units and 14 health courses. The data was analyzed using absolute and percentage frequencies.

RESULTS

The majority of teachers do not take part in IPE experiences (70.4%). Most of the experiences are between six and ten years old, involving up to four teachers and small groups of students, mostly extracurricular or extension activities. The teaching and assessment strategies are diverse and open to students of all years.

CONCLUSION

IPE experiences involve a small number of students and teachers and, although consolidated in terms of the time they have been offered, are limited to extracurricular spaces. Factors such as improvements in institutional support and teacher development are pointed out as important for making progress in strengthening IPE in the analyzed context.

Palliative care in nursing training: higher education course coordinators' perception

OBJECTIVES

to analyze undergraduate nursing course coordinators' perception about nursing training in palliative care.

METHODS

a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach and thematic content analysis, carried out with coordinators of nursing courses in Higher Education Institutions in Rio Grande do Norte.

RESULTS

three thematic categories emerged: Nursing training in palliative care; Potentialities for teaching palliative care; and Challenges of teaching in palliative care. The coordinators described as potentialities: transversality, theoretical and practical approach, optional subject, university extensions, interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinary approach, and as challenges: biomedical model in health education and insufficient professor training.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

palliative care teaching in the researched institutions in the nursing education process is approached in an incipient and fragmented way, and almost always without having a specific curricular component on the subject, being present as one of its contents.

Mapping the inclusion of affirmative policies in postgraduate nursing courses

OBJECTIVE

To map the inclusion of affirmative policies in Postgraduate Nursing courses in Brazil.

METHOD

This is a descriptive, document-based study, carried out with information collected on the Sucupira Platform, via the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, linked to the Ministry of Education. After data collection, carried out between October 2021 and March 2022, each public notice was read in full, in order to extract the following elements: name of the program; program code; name of the Higher Education Institution; acronym; Federative unit; and number of vacancies for master's courses.

RESULTS

79 institutions in the country were identified, with a final sample of 67 evaluated programs, which were classified into nine types, based on the use of affirmative policy principles in academic and professional master's degrees.

CONCLUSION

Postgraduate Nursing courses present an imbalance regarding the implementation of affirmative policies in their offers of regular vacancies, as well as in issues of equity in regional access and diversity in the social groups contemplated.

Learning challenges in Physical Therapy, Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, and Occupational Therapy undergraduate programs during the COVID-19 pandemic

PURPOSE

COVID-19 posed numerous challenges to educational programs that had to quickly adapt to remote online learning (ROL) to ensure the continuity of health professional training over the pandemic. We aimed to assess the students' and professors' perceptions of the teaching-learning process in the Physical Therapy, Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, and Occupational Therapy undergraduate programs at a Brazilian public university.

METHODS

We used an electronic self-reported questionnaire with multiple-choice questions on a Likert scale ranged 1-5; higher the score, higher the level of agreement/importance/satisfaction.

RESULTS

Most of undergraduate students and teachers had previous experience using information and communication technologies, and 85% stated their preference for in-person learning. Students expressed their appreciation for more active learning methodologies with clear objectives, accessible content, and visualization of abstract concepts. Regarding benefits and barriers, some similar perceptions were observed between students and teachers with ROL favoring time management, benefits in the teaching-learning process, satisfaction and motivation with the course content, and low attendance rates to general academic activities due to absent or poor access to technological resources.

CONCLUSION

ROL is an alternative learning mode when the in-person classes cannot be carried out, as in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic. ROL is believed to be unfit to replace in-person learning, although it can complement the traditional classroom-based education in a hybrid model, respecting the nature of each program in the field of health that requires in-person practical training.

Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on Nursing training: A Scoping Review

to map the knowledge produced about the repercussions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic on Nursing training. this is a Scoping Review, guided by the recommendations set forth in the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual and carried out in 15 electronic databases and theses and dissertations repositories. The protocol was registered at the Open Science Framework. The data were analyzed and synthesized into two pre-established analysis categories: positive and negative repercussions; and descriptive statistics. 33 publications identified, the most cited positive aspects were the development of new teaching strategies adapted to the virtual environment and the training of future professionals in clinical practice in the context of a health crisis. The negative repercussions are related to psychological issues such as increase in the cases of anxiety, stress and loneliness among the students. the diverse evidence suggests that remote teaching was a timely emergency way out for the continuity of academic training; however, this educational modality presented positive and negative aspects that need to be rethought for a better systematization of teaching-learning in other contexts that resemble the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cervical dilation assessment in simulators compared to a visual tool: A randomized study

OBJECTIVE

to verify the correct assessment rate when using direct visual comparison in the cervical dilation measures in hard-consistency cervix simulation models.

METHOD

an open-label and randomized study conducted with 63 Obstetrics students that were designated either to use direct visual comparison in a dilation guide or not. The students estimated cervical dilation blindly in simulators with different dilations. The primary outcome was the correct assessment rate.

RESULTS

the students performed 141 tests. A higher correct assessment rate was found in the Experimental Group than in the Control Group (47.3% versus 27.2%; p<0.001; Odds Ratio = 2.41; 95% Confidence Interval = 1.62-3.58).

CONCLUSION

the direct visual comparison increased precision of the cervical dilation assessment in cervix simulation models, with the possibility of being beneficial in laboratory training. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials No. U1111-1210-2389.

Training of neurologists for the 21st century: cultural and professional skills

Training of neurologists for the near future is a challenge due to the likely advances in neuroscientific methods, which will change much of our knowledge on diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases.

OBJECTIVE

to comment on what may be more likely to be a constant in the very near future and to recommend how to prepare the neurologist for the 21st century.

METHODS

through a critical review of recent articles on the teaching of Neurology, to present a personal view on the subject.

RESULTS

Diagnostic methods and therapeutic resources in Neurology will be greatly improved, but the central core of teaching young neurologists will continue to be the clinical/anatomical correlation. The neurologist must be prepared to be the primary physician in the care of patients with neurological disorders, although the roles of consultant and clinical neuroscientist must also be considered. In addition to technical knowledge, the neurologist must be prepared to discuss not only distressing issues related to the specialty, such as the risks of genetic diseases for family members of their patients, the inexorable progression of some diseases and the need for palliative care, but also problems not directly related to Neurology that cause anxiety and depression in the patient or that are the main reason for the initial consultation.

CONCLUSION

neurology will be an even more important area of medicine and the neurologist must be well prepared to be the primary doctor to diagnose, treat and follow the patient with neurological disorders. In addition to technical knowledge, training in doctor-patient relations should be highlighted.

The electronic media and the study profile of the surgical resident

OBJECTIVE

this study analyzed the surgical resident's study profile by assessing the use of electronic media. 44.76% of the physicians agreed on participating.

METHODS

observational, cross-sectional non-controlled study. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and the significance level for the statistical tests was p <0.001.

RESULTS

87.2% of the residents believed that it is interesting to use e-learning together with the classical theoretic classes. 45% of the interviewed claimed to spend more than 3 hours on the Internet daily.

CONCLUSION

residents recognize the importance of technology for education, but not as a way of replacing the traditional teaching methods.

Common psychiatric symptoms among public school teachers in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. An observational cross-sectional study

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE

Teachers are at great risk of physical and mental stress due to material or psychological difficulties associated with their work. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of common psychiatric symptoms measured on the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) scale that would suggest a diagnosis of psychiatric disorders among public school teachers in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil, in 2012.

DESIGN AND SETTING

Observational cross-sectional study in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil.

METHOD

We assessed 110 municipal teachers in the city of Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. They were selected randomly from a list of employees of the Municipal Education Department of Palmas. All of them answered the SRQ-20 questionnaire after giving their consent.

RESULTS

Between the years 2008 and 2011, 24 cases of absence from work due to mental disorders were found. We excluded one case and 109 teachers answered the SRQ-20questionnaire. Out of the 109 teachers assessed, 54 had ≥ 7 points on the SRQ-20 scale. This finding suggests that 49.5% of the teachers had symptoms that were sufficient to consider a diagnosis of mental disorder, with the need for treatment.

CONCLUSION

Our study found that the prevalence of mental disorders among teachers is as high as seen in the literature. Our results suggest that recognition of mental disorders is low and that the current statistics fail to reach the occupational health sector.

Leadership, management and teamwork learning through an extra-curricular project for medical students: descriptive study

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE

Professionalism in medicine requires preparation for the globalized world. Our objective was to describe a project that introduces medical students to the community, hospital and laboratory activities, thereby allowing them to gain experience in people management, leadership and teamwork.

DESIGN AND SETTING

Descriptive study of the process applied at a philanthropic medical school in Curitiba, Paraná.

METHOD

Inclusion of management and leadership practices as part of the medical degree program.

RESULTS

The study groups consisted of fifteen students. After six months, any of the participants could be elected as a subcoordinator, with responsibility for managing tasks and representing the team in hospital departments and the community. The activities required increasing levels of responsibility. In medical schools, students' involvement in practical activities is often limited to observation. They are not required to take responsibilities or to interact with other students and stakeholders. However, they will become accountable, which thus has an adverse effect on all involved. The learning space described here aims to fill this gap by bringing students closer to the daily lives and experiences of healthcare professionals.

CONCLUSION

Being a physician requires not only management and leadership, but also transferrable competencies, communication and critical thinking. These attributes can be acquired through experience of teamwork, under qualified supervision from teaching staff. Students are thus expected to develop skills to deal with and resolve conflicts, learn to share leadership, prepare others to help and replace them, adopt an approach based on mutual responsibility and discuss their performance.

Do our newly graduated medical doctors have adequate knowledge about neonatal resuscitation?

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE

Neonatal resuscitation should be part of medical school curriculums. We aimed to evaluate medical school graduates' knowledge of neonatal resuscitation.

DESIGN AND SETTING

Cross-sectional study on the performance of candidates sitting a medical residency exam at Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, in 2004.

METHODS

There were two questions on neonatal resuscitation. One question in the theory test aimed at evaluating basic knowledge on the initial approach towards newly born infants. The question in the practical exam was designed to evaluate the candidate's ability to perform the initial steps of resuscitation and to establish bag-mask ventilation.

RESULTS

Out of 642 candidates from 74 medical schools, 151 (23.5%) answered the theory question correctly. Significantly more physicians from public medical schools in the State of São Paulo answered correctly than did those from other schools in Brazil (52.5% versus 9.2%; p < 0.05). A total of 436 candidates did the practical exam. The grades among graduates from medical schools belonging to the State of São Paulo were significantly higher than among those from other schools (5.9 +/- 2.6 versus 4.1 +/- 2.1; p < 0.001). The grades for the practical question among candidates who had answered the theory question correctly were significantly higher than those obtained by candidates who had given wrong answers (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Medical school graduates' knowledge of neonate resuscitation in the delivery room is quite precarious. Emphasis on neonatal resuscitation training is urgently needed in medical schools.