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Bhattacharya N, Ganguli-Indra G, Indra AK. Transcriptional control and transcriptomic analysis of lipid metabolism in skin barrier formation and atopic dermatitis (AD). Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:627-645. [PMID: 31322970 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1646128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial ailment associated with barrier breach and intense systemic inflammation. Several studies over the years have shown the complex interplay of a large number of factors in governing the progression and outcome of AD. In addition to the diverse types of AD resulting due to variation in the intrinsic mechanisms giving rise to AD such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), epigenetic alterations or transcriptional changes, extrinsic factors such as age, ancestry, ethnicity, immunological background of the subject, the interactions of the subject with environmental stimuli and existing microbiome in the periphery surrounding the subject account for further heterogeneity in the clinical manifestations of the disease. Areas covered: Here we have selectively discussed transcriptional regulation of genes associated with skin lipid metabolism in the context of AD. Transcriptional control and transcriptomic changes are just one face of this multifaceted disease known to affect humans and a detailed study concerning those will enable us to develop targeted therapies to deal with the disease. Expert opinion: Large-scale integration of different omics approaches (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, proteomics, metabolomics, effect of exposome) will help identify the potential candidate gene(s) associated with the development of various endotypes of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilika Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, OSU , Corvallis , OR , USA
| | - Gitali Ganguli-Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, OSU , Corvallis , OR , USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) , Portland , OR , USA
| | - Arup K Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, OSU , Corvallis , OR , USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) , Portland , OR , USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, OSU , Corvallis , OR , USA.,Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University (OSU) , Corvallis , OR , USA.,Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) , Portland , OR , USA
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Bhattacharya N, Sato WJ, Kelly A, Ganguli-Indra G, Indra AK. Epidermal Lipids: Key Mediators of Atopic Dermatitis Pathogenesis. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:551-562. [PMID: 31054869 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The skin barrier keeps the 'inside in' and the 'outside out', forming a protective blanket against external insults. Epidermal lipids, such as ceramides, fatty acids (FAs), triglycerides, and cholesterol, are integral components driving the formation and maintenance of the epidermal permeability barrier (EPB). A breach in this lipid barrier sets the platform for the subsequent onset and progression of atopic dermatitis (AD). Such lipids are also important in the normal functioning of organisms, both plants and animals, and in diseases, including cancer. Given the doubling of the number of cases of AD in recent years and the chronic nature of this disorder, here we shed light on the multifaceted role of diverse types of lipid in mediating AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilika Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - William J Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Avalon Kelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Gitali Ganguli-Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Arup K Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Departments of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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