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Cao L, Zheng F, Wang D, Chen L, Feng X, Zhou Z, Liu J, Wang M, Guo Q, Liu M. The Effect of Using Premedication of Simethicone/Pronase With or Without Postural Change on Visualization of the Mucosa Before Endoscopy: A Prospective, Double Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2024; 15:e00625. [PMID: 37581331 PMCID: PMC10887445 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the efficacy and safety of preprocedural simethicone (S) and pronase (P) for optimal mucosal visualization during esophagogastroduodenoscopy with sedation. The effect of postural change combined with premedication on mucosal visibility was also examined. METHODS The study randomized 496 patients into 8 groups based on the type of premedication provided and whether a postural change occurred. The premedication in the control group was 100 mL of normal saline solution (NS). The remaining 3 intervention groups were administered 100 mL of simethicone alone (S), pronase solution alone (P), and simethicone plus pronase solution (S + P). Each group was classified into subgroups according to whether there was a postural change (PC). The mucosal visibility score (MVS), total mucosal visibility score (TVS), procedure time, water consumption for mucosal cleansing, and proportion of patients with diminutive lesions <5 mm were recorded. RESULTS The P and S groups had a significantly better TVS than the NS group (11.86 ± 3.36 in group P vs 14.52 ± 2.57 in group NS, P < 0.001; 12.36 ± 2.93 in group S vs 14.52 ± 2.57 in group NS, P = 0.006). The TVS was better in the P group than in the S group (11.86 ± 3.36 vs 12.36 ± 2.93, P = 0.037). The MVS was significantly better in the esophagus and duodenum and worse in the upper and lower gastric body in the S group than in the P group. The P + S group had a significantly better TVS than the P and S groups (9.81 ± 2.90 in group P + S vs 11.86 ± 3.36 in group P and 12.36 ± 2.93 in group S, respectively, P < 0.001),\ and had a reduced amount of flushing water during the procedure (0 [interquartile range [IQR]: 0-33] mL in group P + S vs 40 [IQR: 0-70] mL in group P, P < 0.01; 0 [IQR: 0-33] mL in group P + S vs 50 [IQR: 20-98] mL in group S, P < 0.001). The TVS was significantly better in the P + S + PC group than in the P + S group (8.44 ± 2.10 vs 9.81 ± 2.90, P = 0.003). The MVS was significantly better in the gastric antrum, fundus, and upper and lower gastric body in the P + S + PC group than in the P + S group. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of diminutive lesions among the different groups during an endoscopic examination ( P > 0.05). DISCUSSION The combination of preprocedural administration with simethicone and pronase achieved superior mucosal visualization compared with saline, simethicone, or pronase alone in patients receiving upper endoscopy. Postural change maneuvers performed before endoscopy further improved the mucosal visibility in most parts of the stomach when used with preprocedural simethicone and pronase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
| | - Fangqin Zheng
- Gerontology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Deqiong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
| | - Li Chen
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
| | - Xinxia Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
| | - Zhenzhen Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
| | - Jingmei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
| | - Qiaozhen Guo
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
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Alsabban AM, Almatrafi MJ, Malik ZM, Khiji IY, Shariff MK. An Unusual Case of Isolated Duodenal Varices With Superior Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis. Cureus 2023; 15:e43783. [PMID: 37731413 PMCID: PMC10507424 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Duodenal varices usually occur due to portal hypertension and are rare causes of gastrointestinal tract bleeding. We report a unique case of a previously fit patient who presented with melena and was found to have isolated duodenal varices (DV) in the third part on esophagogastroduodenoscopy. No esophageal or gastric varices were noticed. The duodenal varices were successfully managed by endoscopic banding. A computerized tomography scan of the abdomen to further investigate the cause confirmed duodenal varices and revealed superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. The liver was normal with patent hepatic and portal veins. No evidence of thrombophilia was found. Apixaban was prescribed for superior mesenteric vein thrombosis and on follow-up. no further bleeding was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zaffar M Malik
- Digestive and Liver Center (DLC) and Advanced Endoscopy Center, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, SAU
| | - Inayatulla Y Khiji
- Digestive and Liver Center (DLC), King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, SAU
| | - Mohammed K Shariff
- Digestive and Liver Center (DLC), King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, SAU
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3
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Bouchette P, Lakra R, Haydel S, Hudson CT. Duodenal Metastasis From Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge. Cureus 2023; 15:e40821. [PMID: 37485141 PMCID: PMC10362982 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis from primary lung cancer is mostly seen in the liver, brain, adrenal glands and bones. Small bowel, specifically duodenum is a relatively unusual site for distant metastasis from lung carcinoma. This case reports a rare scenario of upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by duodenal metastasis by a primary lung adenocarcinoma. A 43-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with complaints of progressive hemoptysis for the past three weeks. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed a 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm fungating villous mass-like structure in the first portion of the duodenum, with a normal-appearing esophagus and stomach. Biopsies were performed, which were histologically consistent with poorly differentiated malignant. The immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was consistent with metastatic disease from primary lung adenocarcinoma. Due to its rarity, there are no solidified guidelines for the management of duodenal metastasis from lung carcinoma. Our case was challenging due to the extensive metastasis and low functional status of the patient and was ultimately managed with home hospice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bouchette
- Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Rachaita Lakra
- Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Seth Haydel
- Internal Medicine, Leonard J. Chabert Medical Center, Houma, USA
| | - Catherine T Hudson
- Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, USA
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4
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Ibrahim M, El-Husari A, Tabbaa H, Herman M. Bouveret Syndrome: A Rare and Often Fatal Form of Gallstone Ileus. Cureus 2023; 15:e40005. [PMID: 37416008 PMCID: PMC10322186 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bouveret syndrome (BS) is a rare but serious complication of gallstone ileus that can cause gastric outlet obstruction secondary to a gallstone impacted in the pylorus or proximal duodenum. Gallstones pass from the gallbladder to the GI tract via a cholecystoenteric fistula that forms as a result of chronic inflammation and adhesions between the biliary system and GI tract. Although the case we are presenting is of a 53-year-old Hispanic male, females and the elderly are particularly at an increased risk of this condition. BS can present as typical mechanical obstruction symptoms that include nausea, vomiting, and diffuse abdominal pain. The vague symptoms patients present with makes the diagnosis difficult and often delayed, which can be fatal. In our case, the diagnosis of BS was supported by a CT with contrast, MRI, and an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) study. Our patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy after the diagnosis was made, and the stone was removed. Here, we aim to raise awareness of the importance of early recognition, and immediate action in establishing an early diagnosis of BS in patients presenting with nonspecific abdominal symptoms, which can prevent mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ibrahim
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, USA
| | - Ali El-Husari
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, USA
| | - Hozaifa Tabbaa
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, USA
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5
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Mittal A, Afridi F, Khrais A, Ahlawat S. Effect of Patient Age on Timing of Inpatient Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and Outcomes for Non-variceal Upper GI Bleeds. Cureus 2023; 15:e39302. [PMID: 37346206 PMCID: PMC10281612 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is typically performed within 24 hours of presentation for patients admitted to a hospital for patients presenting with a non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleed (UGIB). To date, no studies have been performed to identify the impact of patient age on the timing of inpatient EGD and patient outcomes in non-variceal UGIB. Our aim was to assess the differences in the timing of EGD, blood transfusion requirements, development of hemorrhagic shock, development of acute renal failure, mortality, length of stay, and total hospital charges for patients aged 18-59 and those aged 60 and older. Methods Admissions for non-variceal UGIB were identified from the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016 and 2017. Patients who initially presented with hemorrhagic shock were excluded. Patients were divided into two age groups, those aged 18-59 and those aged 60 or older. We classified EGDs as early and delayed. Since the NIS database identifies days as midnight to midnight, we categorized early EGDs as those performed on day 0 and day 1. Delayed EGD were categorized as those performed on days 2 and 3. Multivariate logistic regression was performed on propensity-matched data to compare EGD timing, blood transfusion requirements, development of post-hospitalization hemorrhagic shock, development of acute renal failure, and mortality. The following patient and hospital variables were used in regression models: race, sex, insurance status, income quartile, mortality risk score, illness severity score, admission month, admission day, type of admission, region, bed size, and hospital teaching status. Finally, weighted two-sample T-tests were used to compare the length of stay and total hospitalization cost. Results A total of 12,449 weighted cases of inpatient non-variceal UGIB were included in this study. Patients aged 60 and older were more likely to die during the hospitalization (OR= 1.661, 95%CI: 1.108-2.490, p= 0.014), require blood transfusion (OR= 1.257, 95%CI: 1.131-1.396, p<0.001), and develop acute renal failure (OR= 1.672, 95%CI: 1.447-1.945, p<0.001). Patients aged 60 and older were also less likely to receive an early EGD (OR= 0.850, 95%CI: 0.752-0.961, p= 0.009). Total hospital costs (95%CI: -1397.77 - -4005.68, p<0.001) and length of stay (95%CI: -0.428 - -0.594, p<0.001) were both lower in patients aged 18-59 years. There was no difference in the development of post-hospitalization hemorrhagic shock between the two groups (OR= 0.984, 95%CI: 0.707-1.369, p= 0.923). Conclusions Patients aged 60 and older were less likely to have an early EGD and more likely to have worse outcomes. They had increased rates of inpatient mortality, blood transfusion requirements, development of acute renal failure, increased total hospital costs, and longer lengths of stay. There were no differences in the development of post-hospitalization hemorrhagic shock between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Mittal
- Internal Medicine, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Faiz Afridi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Ayham Khrais
- Internal Medicine, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Sushil Ahlawat
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
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Varda B, Jasurda J, Haseeb A. A Rare Case of Paraesophageal Hernia Repair Complicated by Pancreatic Injury. Cureus 2023; 15:e37381. [PMID: 37181962 PMCID: PMC10171241 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal hernias are anatomical defect that affects up to 50% of the population. While they may be asymptomatic, hernias may also result in reflux and dysphagia, among other symptoms. In such cases, hernia repair is warranted. The most common type of repair is laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication, which is usually well-tolerated. Herein, we present a rare case of paraesophageal hernia repair complicated by pancreatic injury and pancreatic leak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Varda
- Internal Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, USA
| | - Jake Jasurda
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, USA
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- Gastroenterology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, USA
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7
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Yousif Alamen Abdalla H, Alhaboob Arabi N, Musaad AM, E Elsheikh A, Alrashidi N. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Patients With Dyspepsia: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Hospital. Cureus 2023; 15:e36520. [PMID: 37090398 PMCID: PMC10120605 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent upper abdominal pain or dyspepsia is one of the patients' most common chief complaints. This study correlates the symptoms of dyspepsia to esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings among Sudanese patients attending Soba University Hospital. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted at Soba University Hospital from April 2019 to April 2020. Patients were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each patient filled out a standardized data collection form with data on their demographics, symptoms, and endoscopic findings. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The study included 142 patients, where 57.7% (n=82) were females, and 59.9% (n=85) of the study participants were of normal body mass index. In contrast, 57% of the study participants had a symptom duration of less than six months. Approximately 95.1% (n=135) suffered from heartburn, 80.3% (n=114) suffered from epigastric fullness, and 96.5% (n=137) suffered from epigastric pain. Seventy-eight point two percent (78.2%; n=111) who suffered from epigastric pain mentioned that it increased in intensity with food, 85.9% (n=121) who suffered from epigastric pain mentioned that it decreased in intensity with food, 54.2% (n=76) of the study participants suffered from regurgitation, 59.9% (n=85) of the study participants suffered from weight loss, 52.1% (n=73) of the study participants were using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 41.7% (n=59) of the study participants had normal esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings, followed by 35.9% (n=51) who had duodenitis or gastritis during the endoscopic assessment. Conclusion The study showed that esophagogastroduodenoscopy is not recommended in young patients without alarm symptoms who can be managed conservatively. However, every patient with alarming symptoms should have an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Also, the study revealed that females and old-aged patients had higher rates of dyspeptic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anas E Elsheikh
- Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Soba University Hospital, Khartoum, SDN
| | - Nasser Alrashidi
- Surgery, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, SAU
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8
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Gosnell JM, Qiu S, Humphrey L. A Rare Case of Erosive Esophagitis Due to Sarcina Ventriculi Infection. Cureus 2023; 15:e34230. [PMID: 36852351 PMCID: PMC9962194 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcina ventriculi is a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus found in soil that is a rare cause of inflammatory infections of the GI tract. This bacterium has a propensity for causing gastritis in patients with delayed gastric emptying. Of the 66 reported cases in the literature, 10 involved the esophagus. Symptoms of an esophageal infection are non-specific and may be mistaken for long-standing gastroesophageal reflux. We present a case of a 67-year-old female with chronic dysphagia and reflux diagnosed with erosive esophagitis caused by Sarcina ventriculi. Treatment strategies documented in the literature are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph M Gosnell
- Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - Laurel Humphrey
- General Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
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9
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Johnson K, Rangnekar AS. Bouveret Syndrome in a Cirrhotic Patient. Cureus 2022; 14:e32270. [PMID: 36627988 PMCID: PMC9821309 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a case of Bouveret syndrome, a rare etiology of gallstone impaction in the setting of chole-enteric fistula, in a cirrhotic patient. This syndrome is most often seen in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities and as such has high morbidity and mortality rates. Because of its prevalence in this patient population and its rarity, there are no established guidelines for the workup and management of this disease. We discuss currently available options for management and thoughts on our comorbid patient and her clinical course.
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10
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Emad S, Abdelfattah AH. Endoscopic Retrieval of an Ingested Mobile Phone From the Stomach of a Prisoner: When Gastroenterologists Answer the Call. Cureus 2022; 14:e33053. [PMID: 36721544 PMCID: PMC9881799 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Foreign body ingestion (FBI) is a common problem among the pediatric population. The intentional ingestion of foreign bodies in the adult population is common among psychiatric patients, patients with developmental delay, alcohol use disorder, and prisoners. The management of complex FBI cases like mobile phones is not standardized in the literature. The care was discussed in a few case reports, and till the end of 2020, there were only four cases reported. We present this rare case of mobile phone ingestion, which was successfully managed by upper esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) without the need for surgical intervention.
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11
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Loomis III JR, Thomas JA. Diagnosis and Treatment of a Recurrent Bleeding Dieulafoy's Lesion: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e32051. [PMID: 36600857 PMCID: PMC9802011 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dieulafoy's lesions are uncommon causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) that pose a life-threatening risk if not diagnosed promptly and treated appropriately. These lesions are composed of enlarged submucosal blood vessels that bleed despite any gross abnormality. Early intervention with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is necessary to avoid more invasive treatment with angiogram embolization or surgical removal. This paper aims to discuss a case regarding a patient with difficult-to-control recurrent bleeding from a Dieulafoy's lesion located in the gastric fundus of a previously healthy 60-year-old female. This case highlights the need for dual therapy and special considerations regarding antiplatelet medications and supplements when treating patients with Dieulafoy's lesions.
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12
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Zafar M, Paracha AW, Ashraf M, Muhammad T, Whitehead M, Toqeer M. Delayed Spontaneous Regression of Metastatic Gastric Cancer: A Case Report of a Rare Finding. Cureus 2021; 13:e20224. [PMID: 34900506 PMCID: PMC8649674 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss the case of a 74-year-old male who was referred with episodes of vomiting, nausea, and weight loss. Ultrasound abdomen had suggested multiple liver metastases and a triple-phase CT scan of abdomen-pelvis confirmed the same. His oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD), also known as upper endoscopy (EGD), showed a large ulcerated lesion at the lesser curvature, which was later confirmed to be poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma on biopsy. The patient was started on palliative chemotherapy, which he tolerated poorly, but a CT scan had suggested a minimal reduction in the size of liver metastasis. He was given two cycles of chemotherapy; however, due to poor tolerance and unresponsiveness to chemotherapy, he was referred to palliative care. The patient declined any medical support for the next six years, after which he visited his general practitioner (GP) for a follow-up review. Routine blood tests showed new-onset mild iron deficiency anaemia. He denied any symptoms. He was referred to Gastroenterology for repeat OGD, and it showed a tiny nodular area in the stomach at the site of previous cancer, which was reported as non-specific chronic inflammation on biopsy, and CT abdomen showed a marked reduction in size and number of liver metastases. On further clinical review, he reported feeling well and his anaemia resolved without any intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Zafar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Conquest Hospital. East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, St Leonards-on-Sea, GBR
| | - Abdul Wahab Paracha
- General Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Grange University Hospital, Cwmbran, GBR
| | - Muteeb Ashraf
- General Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Conquest Hospital. East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, St Leonards-on-Sea, GBR
| | - Tila Muhammad
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Conquest Hospital. East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, St Leonards-on-Sea, GBR
| | - Mark Whitehead
- Gastroenterology, Conquest Hospital. East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, St Leonards-on-Sea, GBR
| | - Muhammad Toqeer
- Gastroenterology, Conquest Hospital. East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, St Leonards-on-Sea, GBR
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13
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Al Hennawi H, Khedr A, Maan RK, Albarazi M, Atluri P. Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia and Its Rapid Progression Toward Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Call for Clear Patient Management and Awareness. Cureus 2021; 13:e18751. [PMID: 34796052 PMCID: PMC8589342 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is known to cause gastric adenocarcinoma in a stepwise fashion. Gastric intestinal metaplasia is a known premalignant stage. We report a case of a 70-year-old male patient with active chronic H. pylori-associated gastritis and focal intestinal metaplasia on the initial presentation, who rapidly developed diffuse, poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma 20 months after the loss to follow-up. Our case highlights the premalignant nature of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) and the extreme importance of early eradication of H. pylori. We also address the lack of definitive GIM surveillance guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Al Hennawi
- Internal Medicine, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Anwar Khedr
- Internal Medicine, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, EGY
| | | | | | - Purna Atluri
- Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Brooklyn, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
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14
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Alex G, Kiss EE, Saynhalath R, Liu KA, Mehta SD. Anesthetic Management of Children With Propionic Acidemia Undergoing Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Cureus 2021; 13:e18168. [PMID: 34707951 PMCID: PMC8530746 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionic acidemia is a rare genetic disorder of metabolism that predisposes patients to metabolic acidosis, lethargy, neurologic dysfunction, developmental delays, and cardiomyopathy. Perioperative anesthetic management is guided toward mitigating the effects of preoperative fasting times, maintaining normovolemia, and preventing cardiovascular complications secondary to underlying cardiomyopathy. Commonly used anesthetic agents may have undesirable side effects in these patients. Propofol, the lactate in Lactated Ringer's, and neuromuscular blocking agents that undergo ester hydrolysis are poorly metabolized and can lead to metabolic acidosis. Opioids, such as fentanyl and morphine, should be used judiciously in patients with coexisting developmental delays to avoid oversedation and delayed time to resuming oral intake postanesthesia. In addition, inhaled anesthetics have direct myocardial depressive effects and can compromise cardiac function in the setting of pre-existing cardiomyopathy. The perioperative period represents a critical time in this population and appropriate planning is crucial to prevent perioperative morbidity. We present a case of an eight-year-old child undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy under general anesthesia and describe the anesthetic concerns we addressed to provide a safe perioperative course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijo Alex
- Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Edgar E Kiss
- Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Rita Saynhalath
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, USA.,Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Katie Amy Liu
- Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Sonia D Mehta
- Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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15
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Tarar ZI, Zafar MU, Farooq U, Ghous G, Shoukat HMH, Kuwajima V. Does Performing Endoscopy Sooner Have an Impact on Outcomes in Patients With Acute Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage? A Systematic Review. Cureus 2021; 13:e16092. [PMID: 34367748 PMCID: PMC8330500 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoscopy is the cornerstone for the diagnosis and treatment of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Regarding the management of nonvariceal bleeding, the administration of crystalloid solution and proton pump inhibitors before endoscopy is well established, but the optimal timing of endoscopy has been a matter of debate and a subject of many investigational studies. The need for urgent endoscopy arises to provide prompt redress to acute bleeding, decrease the length of stay, and lower mortality from ongoing bleeding. Objective This study aimed to determine if endoscopy performed within 24 hours of presentation improves outcomes in terms of mortality, hospital length of stay, and rebleeding in individuals presenting with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleed with any risk. Methodology We performed a systematic review of two large databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) to incorporate all studies published after 2000. We included studies with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding and excluded those reporting variceal gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Results We reviewed eight studies that qualified after meeting our inclusion and exclusion criteria. We divided these studies into three separate groups based on the timing of endoscopy. Only two studies found a difference in mortality that was statistically significant in patients who underwent endoscopy within 24 hours of presentation. One study showed lower mortality in a patient who underwent urgent endoscopy, but it did not reach statistical significance. Other studies did not show any statistical difference in mortality, hospital length of stay, and rebleeding rates. The studies showed conflicting evidence on the amount of blood transfusion, though urgent endoscopy was found to be difficult in few studies due to blood obscuring the lesion. Conclusions While data suggest that there is a potential benefit in performing endoscopy sooner, there is no concrete evidence to point to a particular time range. Before performing endoscopy, the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (2012) recommends adequate resuscitation with crystalloid solutions, blood transfusions, and antisecretory and prokinetic agent therapy. More investigational studies are needed to formulate a time-sensitive flow sheet to approach endoscopy in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A strict criterion is also needed to delineate patients into low-risk and high-risk groups. Doing so would provide a systematic approach to help with mortality, rebleeding, and healthcare resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Umer Farooq
- Internal Medicine, Loyola Medicine, MacNeal Hospital, Berwyn, USA
| | - Ghulam Ghous
- Hematology/Oncology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | | | - Vanessa Kuwajima
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
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16
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Naga Y, Jayaraj M, Elmofti Y, Hong A, Ohning G. Intraluminal Endovascular Coil Migration: A Rare Complication Post-Embolization of the Gastroduodenal Artery for a Previously Bleeding Duodenal Ulcer. Cureus 2021; 13:e14615. [PMID: 34040915 PMCID: PMC8139854 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transarterial angiographic embolization is a highly effective, safe treatment for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding refractory to endoscopic intervention. However, intraluminal coil migration is a possible complication. Coil migration, while usually a self-limiting process, can lead to significant rebleeding. In our case, a patient presented with a life-threatening duodenal ulcer hemorrhage, likely precipitated by intraluminal endovascular coil migration after a recent gastro-duodenal artery embolization. He was successfully managed without endoscopic coil removal and had no additional gastrointestinal bleeding. It is important for endoscopists to be aware of this complication and weigh the risks and benefits of coil removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassin Naga
- Internal Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine, Las Vegas, USA
| | - Mahendran Jayaraj
- Gastroenterology, University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine, Las Vegas, USA
| | - Yousif Elmofti
- Gastroenterology, University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine, Las Vegas, USA
| | - Annie Hong
- Gastroenterology, University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine, Las Vegas, USA
| | - Gordon Ohning
- Gastroenterology, University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine, Las Vegas, USA
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Abstract
Abrikossoff tumors, also known as granular cell tumors, are rare and often benign soft tissue neoplasms of Schwann cell origin. The vast majority of cases are reported in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Only 0.001% of Abrikossoff tumors are estimated to occur in the esophagus. We report a rare case of Abrikossoff tumor of the esophagus in a patient who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy for abdominal pain and nausea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Groudan
- Internal Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, USA
| | - Jean Chalhoub
- Gastroenterology, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, USA
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18
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Macdonald EJ, Lerner BA, Lerner MZ. Incidental Otolaryngologic Pathology Noted Upon Esophagogastroduodenoscopy: Case Series and Review of Literature. Cureus 2020; 12:e11866. [PMID: 33409100 PMCID: PMC7781552 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We report and analyze eight cases in which patients were referred from gastroenterology (GI) to otolaryngology following esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). We aim to provide specific examples of head and neck pathology encountered by gastroenterologists during upper endoscopy. METHODS A series of eight cases between 2016 and 2019 were analyzed by chart review. In each case, otolaryngology consultation was requested after an abnormality was noticed by a gastroenterologist during EGD. Subsequent laryngoscopy or bronchoscopy was performed in all cases allowing for image comparison. Select images comparing EGD to laryngoscopy findings are included as well as a literature review concerning the nature of communication between the two specialties. RESULTS Eight adult patients were referred to otolaryngology for abnormalities noted by a gastroenterologist during EGD at the following anatomic sites: soft palate (n=1), base of tongue (n=2), glottis (n=3), and interarytenoid mucosa (n=1). Additionally, a potential airway foreign body was noted on EGD which was ultimately determined to represent normal subglottic anatomy by bronchoscopy. Some 5/8 (63%) cases were considered true pathology while 3/8 (37%) represented normal anatomy or anatomic variants upon subsequent otolaryngologic evaluation. CONCLUSIONS There is minimal literature regarding the nature of referrals from GI to otolaryngology following EGD. Our findings suggest that EGD offers a unique opportunity for early detection of otolaryngologic pathology. However, certain inter-specialty anatomic knowledge gaps were noted which contributed to occasional unnecessary referrals, procedures, and associated patient anxiety. We hope that the results of this study can inform future research aimed at improving communication and collaboration between the two specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin A Lerner
- Medicine, Section of Digestive Disease, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
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19
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Yachimski P, Hur C. Upper endoscopy in patients with acute myocardial infarction and upper gastrointestinal bleeding: results of a decision analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54:701-11. [PMID: 18661236 PMCID: PMC3108178 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) can present a challenge. The utility of upper endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy, EGD) and endoscopic therapy must be weighed against safety considerations. AIM To assess the utility and safety of EGD in patients with UGIB and AMI. METHODS Using decision analysis, patients with UGIB and AMI were assigned to one of two strategies: (1) EGD prior to cardiac catheterization (EGD strategy) and (2) cardiac catheterization without EGD (CATH strategy). RESULTS In patients with overt UGIB, the EGD strategy resulted in 97 deaths per 10,000 patients, compared with 600 deaths in the CATH strategy. The EGD strategy resulted in fewer non-fatal complications (1,271 vs. 6,000 per 10,000 patients). In patients with occult blood loss, the EGD strategy resulted in more deaths (59 vs. 16 per 10,000) and more non-fatal complications (888 vs. 160 per 10,000) than the CATH strategy. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis supports EGD prior to cardiac catheterization in patients with AMI and overt UGIB. This strategy results in fewer deaths and complications compared with a strategy of proceeding directly to catheterization. Our analysis does not support routine EGD prior to cardiac catheterization in patients with fecal occult blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Yachimski
- Blake 4 Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chin Hur
- Blake 4 Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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