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Posmyk K, Dyksik M, Surrente A, Zalewska K, Śmiertka M, Cybula E, Paritmongkol W, Tisdale WA, Plochocka P, Baranowski M. Fine Structure Splitting of Phonon-Assisted Excitonic Transition in (PEA) 2PbI 4 Two-Dimensional Perovskites. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1119. [PMID: 36986013 PMCID: PMC10053047 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional van der Waals materials exhibit particularly strong excitonic effects, which causes them to be an exceptionally interesting platform for the investigation of exciton physics. A notable example is the two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites, where quantum and dielectric confinement together with soft, polar, and low symmetry lattice create a unique background for electron and hole interaction. Here, with the use of polarization-resolved optical spectroscopy, we have demonstrated that the simultaneous presence of tightly bound excitons, together with strong exciton-phonon coupling, allows for observing the exciton fine structure splitting of the phonon-assisted transitions of two-dimensional perovskite (PEA)2PbI4, where PEA stands for phenylethylammonium. We demonstrate that the phonon-assisted sidebands characteristic for (PEA)2PbI4 are split and linearly polarized, mimicking the characteristics of the corresponding zero-phonon lines. Interestingly, the splitting of differently polarized phonon-assisted transitions can be different from that of the zero-phonon lines. We attribute this effect to the selective coupling of linearly polarized exciton states to non-degenerate phonon modes of different symmetries resulting from the low symmetry of (PEA)2PbI4 lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Posmyk
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zalewska
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Śmiertka
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Cybula
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - William A. Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, Université Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Michał Baranowski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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2
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Wang S, Dyksik M, Lampe C, Gramlich M, Maude DK, Baranowski M, Urban AS, Plochocka P, Surrente A. Thickness-Dependent Dark-Bright Exciton Splitting and Phonon Bottleneck in CsPbBr 3-Based Nanoplatelets Revealed via Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy. Nano Lett 2022; 22:7011-7019. [PMID: 36036573 PMCID: PMC9479212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The optimized exploitation of perovskite nanocrystals and nanoplatelets as highly efficient light sources requires a detailed understanding of the energy spacing within the exciton manifold. Dark exciton states are particularly relevant because they represent a channel that reduces radiative efficiency. Here, we apply large in-plane magnetic fields to brighten optically inactive states of CsPbBr3-based nanoplatelets for the first time. This approach allows us to access the dark states and directly determine the dark-bright splitting, which reaches 22 meV for the thinnest nanoplatelets. The splitting is significantly less for thicker nanoplatelets due to reduced exciton confinement. Additionally, the form of the magneto-PL spectrum suggests that dark and bright state populations are nonthermalized, which is indicative of a phonon bottleneck in the exciton relaxation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Wang
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228,
Université Grenoble Alpes, Université
Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 38042 Grenoble
and 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Carola Lampe
- Nanospectroscopy
Group and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München (LMU), Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Moritz Gramlich
- Nanospectroscopy
Group and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München (LMU), Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Duncan K. Maude
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228,
Université Grenoble Alpes, Université
Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 38042 Grenoble
and 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Michał Baranowski
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alexander S. Urban
- Nanospectroscopy
Group and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München (LMU), Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228,
Université Grenoble Alpes, Université
Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 38042 Grenoble
and 31400 Toulouse, France
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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3
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Shang X, Li S, Liu H, Su X, Hao H, Dai D, Li X, Li Y, Gao Y, Dou X, Ni H, Niu Z. Single- and Twin-Photons Emitted from Fiber-Coupled Quantum Dots in a Distributed Bragg Reflector Cavity. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:1219. [PMID: 35407336 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we develop single-mode fiber devices of an InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) by bonding a fiber array with large smooth facet, small core, and small numerical aperture to QDs in a distributed Bragg reflector planar cavity with vertical light extraction that prove mode overlap and efficient output for plug-and-play stable use and extensive study. Modulated Si doping as electron reservoir builds electric field and level tunnel coupling to reduce fine-structure splitting (FSS) and populate dominant XX and higher excitons XX+ and XXX. Epoxy package thermal stress induces light hole (lh) with various behaviors related to the donor field: lh h1 confined with more anisotropy shows an additional XZ line (its space to the traditional X lines reflects the field intensity) and larger FSS; lh h2 delocalized to wetting layer shows a fast h2-h1 decay; lh h2 confined shows D3h symmetric higher excitons with slow h2-h1 decay and more confined h1 to raise h1-h1 Coulomb interaction.
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Jin T, Li X, Liu R, Ou W, Zhu Y, Wang X, Liu J, Huo Y, Ou X, Zhang J. Generation of Polarization-Entangled Photons from Self-Assembled Quantum Dots in a Hybrid Quantum Photonic Chip. Nano Lett 2022; 22:586-593. [PMID: 35025517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Integration of entangled photon sources in a quantum photonic chip has enabled the most envisioned quantum photonic technologies to be performed in a compact platform with enhanced complexity and stability as compared to bulk optics. However, the technology to generate entangled photon states in a quantum photonic chip that are neither probabilistic nor restricted to low efficiency is still missing. Here, we introduce a hybrid quantum photonic chip where waveguide-coupled self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) are heterogeneously integrated onto a piezoelectric actuator. By exerting an anisotropic stress, we experimentally show that the fine structure splitting of waveguide-coupled quantum dots can be effectively eliminated. This allows for the demonstration of chip-integrated self-assembled QDs for generating and routing polarization-entangled photon pairs. Our results presented here would open up an avenue for implementing on-demand quantum information processing in a quantum photonic chip by employing all-solid-state self-assembled quantum dot emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueshi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Runze Liu
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Weiwen Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yongheng Huo
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Baranowski M, Galkowski K, Surrente A, Urban J, Kłopotowski Ł, Maćkowski S, Maude DK, Ben Aich R, Boujdaria K, Chamarro M, Testelin C, Nayak PK, Dollmann M, Snaith HJ, Nicholas RJ, Plochocka P. Giant Fine Structure Splitting of the Bright Exciton in a Bulk MAPbBr 3 Single Crystal. Nano Lett 2019; 19:7054-7061. [PMID: 31496255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Exciton fine structure splitting in semiconductors reflects the underlying symmetry of the crystal and quantum confinement. Because the latter factor strongly enhances the exchange interaction, most work has focused on nanostructures. Here, we report on the first observation of the bright exciton fine structure splitting in a bulk semiconductor crystal, where the impact of quantum confinement can be specifically excluded, giving access to the intrinsic properties of the material. Detailed investigation of the exciton photoluminescence and reflection spectra of a bulk methylammonium lead tribromide single crystal reveals a zero magnetic field splitting as large as ∼200 μeV. This result provides an important starting point for the discussion of the origin of the large bright exciton fine structure splitting observed in perovskite nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Baranowski
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA , UPR 3228, 31400 Toulouse , France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Galkowski
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA , UPR 3228, 31400 Toulouse , France
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , 5th Grudziadzka Street , 87-100 Torun , Poland
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA , UPR 3228, 31400 Toulouse , France
| | - Joanna Urban
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA , UPR 3228, 31400 Toulouse , France
| | - Łukasz Kłopotowski
- Institute of Physics , Polish Academy of Sciences , al. Lotnikow 32/46 , 02-668 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , 5th Grudziadzka Street , 87-100 Torun , Poland
| | - Duncan Kennedy Maude
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA , UPR 3228, 31400 Toulouse , France
| | - Rim Ben Aich
- Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux: Structure et Propriétés, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte , Université de Carthage , 7021 Zarzouna , Bizerte Tunisia
| | - Kais Boujdaria
- Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux: Structure et Propriétés, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte , Université de Carthage , 7021 Zarzouna , Bizerte Tunisia
| | - Maria Chamarro
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP , Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7588 , 4 place Jussieu , F-75005 , Paris , France
| | - Christophe Testelin
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP , Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7588 , 4 place Jussieu , F-75005 , Paris , France
| | - Pabitra K Nayak
- Clarendon Laboratory , University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford , OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Markus Dollmann
- Clarendon Laboratory , University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford , OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Henry James Snaith
- Clarendon Laboratory , University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford , OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Robin John Nicholas
- Clarendon Laboratory , University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford , OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA , UPR 3228, 31400 Toulouse , France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
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6
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Kashimura T, Ikezaki T, Ohta Y, Yabushita S. Potential energy surfaces and nonadiabatic transitions in the asymptotic regions of ICN photodissociation to study the interference effects in the F 1 and F 2 spin-rotation levels of the CN products. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:482-499. [PMID: 30511401 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the most spectacular yet unsolved problems for the ICN A ~ -band photodissociation is the non-statistical spin-rotation F1 = N + 1/2 and F2 = N - 1/2 populations for each rotation level N of the CN fragment. The F1 /F2 population difference function f(N) exhibits strong N and λ dependences with an oscillatory behavior. Such details were found to critically depend on the number of open-channel product states, namely, whether both I (2 P3/2 ) and I (2 P1/2 ) are energetically available or not as the dissociation partner. First, in the asymptotic region, the exchange and dipole-quadrupole inter-fragment interactions were studied in detail. Then, as the diabatic basis, we took the appropriate symmetry adapted products of the electronic and rotational wavefunctions for the F1 and F2 levels at the dissociation limits. We found that the adiabatic Hamiltonian exhibits Rosen-Zener-Demkov type nonadiabatic transitions reflecting the switch between the exchange interaction and the small but finite spin-rotation interaction within CN at the asymptotic region. This non-crossing type nonadiabatic transition occurs with the probability 1/2, that is, at the diabatic limit through a sudden switch of the quantization axis for CN spin S from the dissociation axis to the CN rotation axis N. We have derived semiclassical formulae for f(N) and the orientation parameters with a two-state model including the 3A' and 4A' electronic states, and with a four-state model including the 3A' through 6A' electronic states. These two kinds of interfering models explain general features of the F1 and F2 level populations observed by Zare's group and Hall's group, respectively. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Kashimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ikezaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yabushita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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Basso Basset F, Bietti S, Reindl M, Esposito L, Fedorov A, Huber D, Rastelli A, Bonera E, Trotta R, Sanguinetti S. High-Yield Fabrication of Entangled Photon Emitters for Hybrid Quantum Networking Using High-Temperature Droplet Epitaxy. Nano Lett 2018; 18:505-512. [PMID: 29239186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several semiconductor quantum dot techniques have been investigated for the generation of entangled photon pairs. Among the other techniques, droplet epitaxy enables the control of the shape, size, density, and emission wavelength of the quantum emitters. However, the fraction of the entanglement-ready quantum dots that can be fabricated with this method is still limited to around 5%, and matching the energy of the entangled photons to atomic transitions (a promising route toward quantum networking) remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we overcome these obstacles by introducing a modified approach to droplet epitaxy on a high symmetry (111)A substrate, where the fundamental crystallization step is performed at a significantly higher temperature as compared with previous reports. Our method drastically improves the yield of entanglement-ready photon sources near the emission wavelength of interest, which can be as high as 95% due to the low values of fine structure splitting and radiative lifetime, together with the reduced exciton dephasing offered by the choice of GaAs/AlGaAs materials. The quantum dots are designed to emit in the operating spectral region of Rb-based slow-light media, providing a viable technology for quantum repeater stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Basso Basset
- L-NESS and Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Via Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University , Altenbergerstraße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Sergio Bietti
- L-NESS and Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Via Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Marcus Reindl
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University , Altenbergerstraße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Luca Esposito
- L-NESS and Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Via Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Daniel Huber
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University , Altenbergerstraße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University , Altenbergerstraße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Emiliano Bonera
- L-NESS and Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Via Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Trotta
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University , Altenbergerstraße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Stefano Sanguinetti
- L-NESS and Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Via Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy
- L-NESS and CNR-IFN , via Anzani 42, I-22100 Como, Italy
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Fillipov S, Puttisong Y, Huang Y, Buyanova IA, Suraprapapich S, Tu CW, Chen WM. Exciton Fine-Structure Splitting in Self-Assembled Lateral InAs/GaAs Quantum-Dot Molecular Structures. ACS Nano 2015; 9:5741-5749. [PMID: 25965972 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fine-structure splitting (FSS) of excitons in semiconductor nanostructures is a key parameter that has significant implications in photon entanglement and polarization conversion between electron spins and photons, relevant to quantum information technology and spintronics. Here, we investigate exciton FSS in self-organized lateral InAs/GaAs quantum-dot molecular structures (QMSs) including laterally aligned double quantum dots (DQDs), quantum-dot clusters (QCs), and quantum rings (QRs), by employing polarization-resolved microphotoluminescence (μPL) spectroscopy. We find a clear trend in FSS between the studied QMSs depending on their geometric arrangements, from a large FSS in the DQDs to a smaller FSS in the QCs and QRs. This trend is accompanied by a corresponding difference in the optical polarization directions of the excitons between these QMSs, namely, the bright-exciton lines are linearly polarized preferably along or perpendicular to the [11̅0] crystallographic axis in the DQDs that also defines the alignment direction of the two constituting QDs, whereas in the QCs and QRs, the polarization directions are randomly oriented. We attribute the observed trend in the FSS to a significant reduction of the asymmetry in the lateral confinement potential of the excitons in the QRs and QCs as compared with the DQDs, as a result of a compensation between the effects of lateral shape anisotropy and piezoelectric field. Our work demonstrates that FSS strongly depends on the geometric arrangements of the QMSs, which effectively tune the degree of the compensation effects and are capable of reducing FSS even in a strained QD system to a limit similar to strain-free QDs. This approach provides a pathway in obtaining high-symmetry quantum emitters desirable for realizing photon entanglement and spintronic devices based on such nanostructures, utilizing an uninterrupted epitaxial growth procedure without special requirements for lattice-matched materials combinations, specific substrate orientations, and nanolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Fillipov
- †Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping S-581 83, Sweden
| | - Yuttapoom Puttisong
- †Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping S-581 83, Sweden
| | - Yuqing Huang
- †Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping S-581 83, Sweden
| | - Irina A Buyanova
- †Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping S-581 83, Sweden
| | - Suwaree Suraprapapich
- ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Charles W Tu
- ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Weimin M Chen
- †Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping S-581 83, Sweden
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9
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Zieliński M. Influence of substrate orientation on exciton fine structure splitting of InAs/InP nanowire quantum dots. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:265. [PMID: 22616786 PMCID: PMC3464811 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
: In this paper, we use an atomistic approach to investigate strain distributions, single particle and many body electronic properties of InAs/InP nanowire quantum dots with substrate orientation varying from [111] to high-index [119], and compared with [001] case. We show that single particle gap for high-index [11k] substrates is increased with respect to [111] and [001] cases, and oscillates with the substrate index due to faceting effects. Surprisingly, the overall shell-like structure of single particle states is preserved even for highly facetted, high-index substrates. On the contrary, we demonstrate that besides two limiting high-symmetry cases, [001] and [111], the bright exciton splitting varies strongly with substrate orientation. For [112]-oriented substrate, the fine structure splitting reaches maximum due to crystal lattice anisotropy despite fully cylindrical isotropic shape of nanowire quantum dot.
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