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Aquilué N, Filotas É, Craven D, Fortin MJ, Brotons L, Messier C. Evaluating forest resilience to global threats using functional response traits and network properties. Ecol Appl 2020; 30:e02095. [PMID: 32080941 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem functions provided by forests are threatened by direct and indirect effects of global change drivers such as climate warming land-use change, biological invasions, and shifting natural disturbance regimes. To develop resilience-based forest management, new tools and methods are needed to quantitatively estimate forest resilience to management and future natural disturbances. We propose a multidimensional evaluation of ecological resilience based on species functional response traits (e.g., functional response diversity and functional redundancy) and network properties of forested patches (e.g., connectivity, modularity, and centrality). Using a fragmented rural landscape in temperate south-eastern Canada as a reference landscape, we apply our multidimensional approach to evaluate two alternative management strategies at three levels of intensity: (1) functional enrichment of current forest patches and (2) multi-species plantations in previously non-forested patches. Within each management strategy, planted species are selected to maximize functional diversity, drought tolerance, or pest resistance. We further compare how ecological resilience under these alternative management strategies responds to three simulated disturbances: drought, pest outbreak, and timber harvesting. We found that both management strategies enhance resilience at the landscape scale by increasing functional response diversity and connectivity. Specifically, when the less functionally diverse patches are prioritized for management, functional enrichment is more effective than the establishment of new multi-species plantations in increasing resilience. In addition, randomly allocated multi-species plantations increased connectivity more than those allocated in riparian areas. Our results show that across various management strategies, planting species to enhance biodiversity led to the highest increase in functional response diversity while planting pest-resistant species led to the highest increase in landscape connectivity. Planting biodiversity-enhancing species (i.e., species that maximize functional diversity) mitigated drought effects equally well as planting with drought-tolerant species. Our multidimensional approach facilitates the characterization at the landscape scale of forest resilience to disturbances using both functional diversity and network properties while accounting for the importance of response traits to future disturbances. The simulation approach we used can be applied to forest landscapes across different biomes for the evaluation and comparison of forest management initiatives to enhance resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Aquilué
- CEF, Université du Québec à Montréal, Centre d'étude de la forêt, uqam Case postale 8888, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3P8, Canada
- InForest Joint Research Unit, CTFC, Solsona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Élise Filotas
- Département Science et Technologie, TELUQ, le 5800 St Denis, 5800 St Denis St, Montreal, Quebec, H2S 3L4, Canada
| | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, José Toribio Medina 29, Santiago, H83P+PF, Chile
| | - Marie-Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, Ontario, M5S, Canada
| | - Lluís Brotons
- InForest Joint Research Unit, CTFC, Solsona, Catalunya, Spain
- CREAF, Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain
- CSIC, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Christian Messier
- CEF, Université du Québec à Montréal, Centre d'étude de la forêt, uqam Case postale 8888, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3P8, Canada
- ISFORT, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 58 Rue Principale, Ripon, Quebec, J0V 1V0, Canada
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