1
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Shen D, Yang H, Patel T, Rhodes DA, Timusk T, Zhou YN, Kim NY, Tsen AW. Gate-Tunable Multiband van der Waals Photodetector and Polarization Sensor. ACS Nano 2024; 18:11193-11199. [PMID: 38626400 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
A single photodetector with tunable detection wavelengths and polarization sensitivity can potentially be harnessed for diverse optical applications ranging from imaging and sensing to telecommunications. Such a device will require the combination of multiple material systems with different structures, band gaps, and photoelectrical responses, which is extremely difficult to engineer using traditional epitaxial films. Here, we develop a multifunctional and high-performance photosensor using all van der Waals materials. The device features a gate-tunable spectral response that is switchable between near-infrared/visible and short-/midwave infrared, as well as broad-band operation, at room temperature. The linear polarization sensitivity in the telecommunication O-band can also be directly modulated between horizontal, vertical, and nonpolarizing modes. These effects originate from the balance of photocurrent generation in two of the active layers that can be manipulated by an electric field. The photodetector features high detectivity (>109 cmHz1/2W-1) together with fast operation speed (∼1 MHz) and can be further exploited for dual visible and infrared imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daozhi Shen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - HeeBong Yang
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Tarun Patel
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Daniel A Rhodes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Thomas Timusk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Y Norman Zhou
- Centre for Advanced Materials Joining and Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Na Young Kim
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Adam W Tsen
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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2
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Liu S, Yu JX, Zhang E, Li Z, Sun Q, Zhang Y, Cao L, Li L, Zhao M, Leng P, Cao X, Li A, Zou J, Kou X, Zang J, Xiu F. Gate-tunable Intrinsic Anomalous Hall Effect in Epitaxial MnBi 2Te 4 Films. Nano Lett 2024; 24:16-25. [PMID: 38109350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is an important transport signature revealing topological properties of magnetic materials and their spin textures. Recently, MnBi2Te4 has been demonstrated to be an intrinsic magnetic topological insulator. However, the origin of its intriguing AHE behaviors remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate the Berry curvature-dominated intrinsic AHE in wafer-scale MnBi2Te4 films. By applying back-gate voltages, we observe an ambipolar conduction and n-p transition in ∼7-layer MnBi2Te4, where a quadratic relation between the AHE resistance and longitudinal resistance suggests its intrinsic AHE nature. In particular, for ∼3-layer MnBi2Te4, the AHE sign can be tuned from pristine negative to positive. First-principles calculations unveil that such an AHE reversal originated from the competing Berry curvature between oppositely polarized spin-minority-dominated surface states and spin-majority-dominated inner bands. Our results shed light on the underlying physical mechanism of the intrinsic AHE and provide new perspectives for the unconventional sign-tunable AHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Jie-Xiang Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Enze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Liwei Cao
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Material, Institute of Microstructure and Properties of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Lun Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Minhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Pengliang Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Xiangyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Ang Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Material, Institute of Microstructure and Properties of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jin Zou
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xufeng Kou
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiadong Zang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Faxian Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
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3
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Wang W, Wang W, Meng Y, Quan Q, Lai Z, Li D, Xie P, Yip S, Kang X, Bu X, Chen D, Liu C, Ho JC. Mixed-Dimensional Anti-ambipolar Phototransistors Based on 1D GaAsSb/2D MoS 2 Heterojunctions. ACS Nano 2022; 16:11036-11048. [PMID: 35758898 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The incapability of modulating the photoresponse of assembled heterostructure devices has remained a challenge for the development of optoelectronics with multifunctionality. Here, a gate-tunable and anti-ambipolar phototransistor is reported based on 1D GaAsSb nanowire/2D MoS2 nanoflake mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterojunctions. The resulting heterojunction shows apparently asymmetric control over the anti-ambipolar transfer characteristics, possessing potential to implement electronic functions in logic circuits. Meanwhile, such an anti-ambipolar device allows the synchronous adjustment of band slope and depletion regions by gating in both components, thereby giving rise to the gate-tunability of the photoresponse. Coupled with the synergistic effect of the materials in different dimensionality, the hybrid heterojunction can be readily modulated by the external gate to achieve a high-performance photodetector exhibiting a large on/off current ratio of 4 × 104, fast response of 50 μs, and high detectivity of 1.64 × 1011 Jones. Due to the formation of type-II band alignment and strong interfacial coupling, a prominent photovoltaic response is explored in the heterojunction as well. Finally, a visible image sensor based on this hybrid device is demonstrated with good imaging capability, suggesting the promising application prospect in future optoelectronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - You Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Quan Quan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhengxun Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dengji Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pengshan Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - SenPo Yip
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Xiaolin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiuming Bu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Johnny C Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
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4
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Lan HY, Hsieh YH, Chiao ZY, Jariwala D, Shih MH, Yen TJ, Hess O, Lu YJ. Gate-Tunable Plasmon-Enhanced Photodetection in a Monolayer MoS 2 Phototransistor with Ultrahigh Photoresponsivity. Nano Lett 2021; 21:3083-3091. [PMID: 33761260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), direct bandgap materials with an atomically thin nature, are promising materials for electronics and photonics, especially at highly scaled lateral dimensions. However, the characteristically low total absorption of photons in the monolayer TMD has become a challenge in the access to and realization of monolayer TMD-based high-performance optoelectronic functionalities and devices. Here, we demonstrate gate-tunable plasmonic phototransistors (photoFETs) that consist of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) photoFETs integrated with the two-dimensional plasmonic crystals. The plasmonic photoFET has an ultrahigh photoresponsivity of 2.7 × 104 AW-1, achieving a 7.2-fold enhancement in the photocurrent compared to pristine photoFETs. This benefits predominately from the combination of the enhancement of the photon-absorption-rate via the strongly localized-electromagnetic-field and the gate-tunable plasmon-induced photocarrier-generation-rate in the monolayer MoS2. These results demonstrate a systematic methodology for designing ultrathin plasmon-enhanced photodetectors based on monolayer TMDs for next-generation ultracompact optoelectronic devices in the trans-Moore era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Lan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Hsieh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Yi Chiao
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Shih
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Jen Yen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ortwin Hess
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yu-Jung Lu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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5
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Rhodes DA, Jindal A, Yuan NFQ, Jung Y, Antony A, Wang H, Kim B, Chiu YC, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Barmak K, Balicas L, Dean CR, Qian X, Fu L, Pasupathy AN, Hone J. Enhanced Superconductivity in Monolayer Td-MoTe 2. Nano Lett 2021; 21:2505-2511. [PMID: 33689385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline two-dimensional (2D) superconductors (SCs) with low carrier density are an exciting new class of materials in which electrostatic gating can tune superconductivity, electronic interactions play a prominent role, and electrical transport properties may directly reflect the topology of the Fermi surface. Here, we report the dramatic enhancement of superconductivity with decreasing thickness in semimetallic Td-MoTe2, with critical temperature (Tc) increasing up to 7.6 K for monolayers, a 60-fold increase with respect to the bulk Tc. We show that monolayers possess a similar electronic structure and density of states (DOS) as the bulk, implying that electronic interactions play a strong role in the enhanced superconductivity. Reflecting the low carrier density, the critical temperature, magnetic field, and current density are all tunable by an applied gate voltage. The response to high in-plane magnetic fields is distinct from that of other 2D SCs and reflects the canted spin texture of the electron pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Rhodes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Apoorv Jindal
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Noah F Q Yuan
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Younghun Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Abhinandan Antony
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Bumho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yu-Che Chiu
- Department of Physics and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Katayun Barmak
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Luis Balicas
- Department of Physics and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Liang Fu
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Abhay N Pasupathy
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - James Hone
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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6
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Huber R, Liu MH, Chen SC, Drienovsky M, Sandner A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Richter K, Weiss D, Eroms J. Gate-Tunable Two-Dimensional Superlattices in Graphene. Nano Lett 2020; 20:8046-8052. [PMID: 33054236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report an efficient technique to induce gate-tunable two-dimensional superlattices in graphene by the combined action of a back gate and a few-layer graphene patterned bottom gate complementary to existing methods. The patterned gates in our approach can be easily fabricated and implemented in van der Waals stacking procedures, allowing flexible use of superlattices with arbitrary geometry. In transport measurements on a superlattice with a lattice constant a = 40 nm, well-pronounced satellite Dirac points and signatures of the Hofstadter butterfly including a nonmonotonic quantum Hall response are observed. Furthermore, the experimental results are accurately reproduced in transport simulations and show good agreement with features in the calculated band structure. Overall, we present a comprehensive picture of graphene-based superlattices, featuring a broad range of miniband effects, both in experiment and in theoretical modeling. The presented technique is suitable for studying more advanced geometries which are not accessible by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Huber
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ming-Hao Liu
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chao Chen
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Martin Drienovsky
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Sandner
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Klaus Richter
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Weiss
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Eroms
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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7
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Miao J, Liu X, Jo K, He K, Saxena R, Song B, Zhang H, He J, Han MG, Hu W, Jariwala D. Gate-Tunable Semiconductor Heterojunctions from 2D/3D van der Waals Interfaces. Nano Lett 2020; 20:2907-2915. [PMID: 32196351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals (vdW) semiconductors are attractive for highly scaled devices and heterogeneous integration as they can be isolated into self-passivated, two-dimensional (2D) layers that enable superior electrostatic control. These attributes have led to numerous demonstrations of field-effect devices ranging from transistors to triodes. By exploiting the controlled, substitutional doping schemes in covalently bonded, three-dimensional (3D) semiconductors and the passivated surfaces of 2D semiconductors, one can construct devices that can exceed performance metrics of "all-2D" vdW heterojunctions. Here, we demonstrate 2D/3D semiconductor heterojunctions using MoS2 as the prototypical 2D semiconductor laid upon Si and GaN as the 3D semiconductor layers. By tuning the Fermi levels in MoS2, we demonstrate devices that concurrently exhibit over 7 orders of magnitude modulation in rectification ratios and conductance. Our results further suggest that the interface quality does not necessarily affect Fermi level tuning at the junction, opening up possibilities for novel 2D/3D heterojunction device architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshui Miao
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xiwen Liu
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kiyoung Jo
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kang He
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ravindra Saxena
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Baokun Song
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jiale He
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Myung-Geun Han
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Weida Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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8
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Ghatak S, Breunig O, Yang F, Wang Z, Taskin AA, Ando Y. Anomalous Fraunhofer Patterns in Gated Josephson Junctions Based on the Bulk-Insulating Topological Insulator BiSbTeSe 2. Nano Lett 2018; 18:5124-5131. [PMID: 30028140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional Majorana modes are predicated to form in Josephson junctions based on three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs). While observations of supercurrents in Josephson junctions made on bulk-insulating TI samples have been reported recently, the Fraunhofer patters observed in such TI-based Josephson junctions, which sometimes present anomalous features, are still not well-understood. Here, we report our study of highly gate-tunable TI-based Josephson junctions made of one of the most bulk-insulating TI materials, BiSbTeSe2, and Al. The Fermi level can be tuned by gating across the Dirac point, and the high transparency of the Al-BiSbTeSe2 interface is evinced by a high characteristic voltage and multiple Andreev reflections, with peak indices reaching 12. Anomalous Fraunhofer patterns with missing lobes were observed in the entire range of gate voltage. We found that, by employing an advanced fitting procedure to use the maximum entropy method in a Monte Carlo algorithm, the anomalous Fraunhofer patterns are explained as a result of inhomogeneous supercurrent distributions on the TI surface in the junction. Besides establishing a highly promising fabrication technology, this work clarifies one of the important open issues regarding TI-based Josephson junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamoy Ghatak
- Physics Institute II, University of Cologne , Zülpicher Straße 77 , 50937 Köln , Germany
| | - Oliver Breunig
- Physics Institute II, University of Cologne , Zülpicher Straße 77 , 50937 Köln , Germany
| | - Fan Yang
- Physics Institute II, University of Cologne , Zülpicher Straße 77 , 50937 Köln , Germany
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Physics Institute II, University of Cologne , Zülpicher Straße 77 , 50937 Köln , Germany
| | - Alexey A Taskin
- Physics Institute II, University of Cologne , Zülpicher Straße 77 , 50937 Köln , Germany
| | - Yoichi Ando
- Physics Institute II, University of Cologne , Zülpicher Straße 77 , 50937 Köln , Germany
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9
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Wang Z, He X, Zhang XX, Alshareef HN. Hybrid van der Waals p-n Heterojunctions based on SnO and 2D MoS 2. Adv Mater 2016; 28:9133-9141. [PMID: 27571871 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A p-type oxide/2D hybrid van der Waals p-n heterojunction is demonstrated for the first time between SnO (tin monoxide) (the p-type oxide) and 2D MoS2 (molybdenum disulfide), showing an ideality factor of 2 and rectification ratio up to 104 . The reported heterojunction is gate-tunable with typical anti-ambipolar transfer characteristics. Surface potential mapping is performed and a current model for such a heterojunction is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin He
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xi-Xiang Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Jariwala D, Howell SL, Chen KS, Kang J, Sangwan VK, Filippone SA, Turrisi R, Marks TJ, Lauhon LJ, Hersam MC. Hybrid, Gate-Tunable, van der Waals p-n Heterojunctions from Pentacene and MoS2. Nano Lett 2016; 16:497-503. [PMID: 26651229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of a wide variety of two-dimensional (2D) materials has created new opportunities for device concepts and applications. In particular, the availability of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides, in addition to semimetallic graphene and insulating boron nitride, has enabled the fabrication of "all 2D" van der Waals heterostructure devices. Furthermore, the concept of van der Waals heterostructures has the potential to be significantly broadened beyond layered solids. For example, molecular and polymeric organic solids, whose surface atoms possess saturated bonds, are also known to interact via van der Waals forces and thus offer an alternative for scalable integration with 2D materials. Here, we demonstrate the integration of an organic small molecule p-type semiconductor, pentacene, with a 2D n-type semiconductor, MoS2. The resulting p-n heterojunction is gate-tunable and shows asymmetric control over the antiambipolar transfer characteristic. In addition, the pentacene/MoS2 heterojunction exhibits a photovoltaic effect attributable to type II band alignment, which suggests that MoS2 can function as an acceptor in hybrid solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Jariwala
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sarah L Howell
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kan-Sheng Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Junmo Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephen A Filippone
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Riccardo Turrisi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lincoln J Lauhon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Brunbauer FM, Bertagnolli E, Lugstein A. Gate-Tunable Electron Transport Phenomena in Al-Ge⟨111⟩-Al Nanowire Heterostructures. Nano Lett 2015; 15:7514-7518. [PMID: 26426433 PMCID: PMC4643355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatically tunable negative differential resistance (NDR) is demonstrated in monolithic metal-semiconductor-metal (Al-Ge-Al) nanowire (NW) heterostructures integrated in back-gated field-effect transistors (FETs). Unambiguous signatures of NDR even at room temperature are attributed to intervalley electron transfer. At yet higher electric fields, impact ionization leads to an exponential increase of the current in the ⟨111⟩ oriented Ge NW segments. Modulation of the transfer rates, manifested as a large tunability of the peak-to-valley ratio (PVR) and the onset of impact ionization is achieved by the combined influences of electrostatic gating, geometric confinement, and heterojunction shape on hot electron transfer and by electron-electron scattering rates that can be altered by varying the charge carrier concentration in the NW FETs.
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Howell SL, Jariwala D, Wu CC, Chen KS, Sangwan VK, Kang J, Marks TJ, Hersam MC, Lauhon LJ. Investigation of band-offsets at monolayer-multilayer MoS₂ junctions by scanning photocurrent microscopy. Nano Lett 2015; 15:2278-84. [PMID: 25807012 DOI: 10.1021/nl504311p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The thickness-dependent band structure of MoS2 implies that discontinuities in energy bands exist at the interface of monolayer (1L) and multilayer (ML) thin films. The characteristics of such heterojunctions are analyzed here using current versus voltage measurements, scanning photocurrent microscopy, and finite element simulations of charge carrier transport. Rectifying I-V curves are consistently observed between contacts on opposite sides of 1L/ML junctions, and a strong bias-dependent photocurrent is observed at the junction. Finite element device simulations with varying carrier concentrations and electron affinities show that a type II band alignment at single layer/multilayer junctions reproduces both the rectifying electrical characteristics and the photocurrent response under bias. However, the zero-bias junction photocurrent and its energy dependence are not explained by conventional photovoltaic and photothermoelectric mechanisms, indicating the contributions of hot carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Howell
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chung-Chiang Wu
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kan-Sheng Chen
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Junmo Kang
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lincoln J Lauhon
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Medicine, and ∥Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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