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Yu T, Li J, Han M, Zhang Y, Li H, Peng Q, Tang HK. Enhancing the Mechanical Stability of 2D Fullerene with a Graphene Substrate and Encapsulation. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1936. [PMID: 37446452 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements have led to the synthesis of novel monolayer 2D carbon structures, namely quasi-hexagonal-phase fullerene (qHPC60) and quasi-tetragonal-phase fullerene (qTPC60). Particularly, qHPC60 exhibits a promising medium band gap of approximately 1.6 eV, making it an attractive candidate for semiconductor devices. In this study, we conducted comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the mechanical stability of 2D fullerene when placed on a graphene substrate and encapsulated within it. Graphene, renowned for its exceptional tensile strength, was chosen as the substrate and encapsulation material. We compared the mechanical behaviors of qHPC60 and qTPC60, examined the influence of cracks on their mechanical properties, and analyzed the internal stress experienced during and after fracture. Our findings reveal that the mechanical reliability of 2D fullerene can be significantly improved by encapsulating it with graphene, particularly strengthening the cracked regions. The estimated elastic modulus increased from 191.6 (qHPC60) and 134.7 GPa (qTPC60) to 531.4 and 504.1 GPa, respectively. Moreover, we observed that defects on the C60 layer had a negligible impact on the deterioration of the mechanical properties. This research provides valuable insights into enhancing the mechanical properties of 2D fullerene through graphene substrates or encapsulation, thereby holding promising implications for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Yu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingjun Han
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yinghe Zhang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haipeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Qing Peng
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ho-Kin Tang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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Kumaresan V, Largeau L, Madouri A, Glas F, Zhang H, Oehler F, Cavanna A, Babichev A, Travers L, Gogneau N, Tchernycheva M, Harmand JC. Epitaxy of GaN Nanowires on Graphene. Nano Lett 2016; 16:4895-4902. [PMID: 27414518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial growth of GaN nanowires on graphene is demonstrated using molecular beam epitaxy without any catalyst or intermediate layer. Growth is highly selective with respect to silica on which the graphene flakes, grown by chemical vapor deposition, are transferred. The nanowires grow vertically along their c-axis and we observe a unique epitaxial relationship with the ⟨21̅1̅0⟩ directions of the wurtzite GaN lattice parallel to the directions of the carbon zigzag chains. Remarkably, the nanowire density and height decrease with increasing number of graphene layers underneath. We attribute this effect to strain and we propose a model for the nanowire density variation. The GaN nanowires are defect-free and they present good optical properties. This demonstrates that graphene layers transferred on amorphous carrier substrates is a promising alternative to bulk crystalline substrates for the epitaxial growth of high quality GaN nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnuvarthan Kumaresan
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Ludovic Largeau
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Ali Madouri
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Frank Glas
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Hezhi Zhang
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, UMR 8622 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Oehler
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Antonella Cavanna
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Andrey Babichev
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, UMR 8622 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay cedex, France
- ITMO University , St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Laurent Travers
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Noelle Gogneau
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Maria Tchernycheva
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, UMR 8622 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Harmand
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
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