1
|
Stewart GW, Gibson JS, Rees DC. The cation-leaky hereditary stomatocytosis syndromes: A tale of six proteins. Br J Haematol 2023; 203:509-522. [PMID: 37679660 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
This review concerns a series of dominantly inherited haemolytic anaemias in which the membrane of the erythrocyte 'leaks' the univalent cations, compromising the osmotic stability of the cell. The majority of the conditions are explained by mutations in one of six genes, coding for multispanning membrane proteins of different structure and function. These are: RhAG, coding for an ammonium carrier; SLC4A1, coding for the band 3 anion exchanger; PIEZO1, coding for a mechanosensitive cation channel; GLUT1, coding for a glucose transporter; KCNN4, coding for an internal-calcium-activated potassium channel; and ABCB6, coding for a porphyrin transporter. This review describes the five clinical syndromes associated with genetic defects in these genes and their variable genotype/phenotype relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Stewart
- Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - John S Gibson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Rees
- Haematological Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pérès L, Monedero Alonso D, Nudel M, Figeac M, Bruge J, Sebda S, Picard V, El Nemer W, Preudhomme C, Rose C, Egée S, Bouyer G. Characterisation of Asp669Tyr Piezo1 cation channel activity in red blood cells: an unexpected phenotype. Br J Haematol 2021; 194:e51-e55. [PMID: 33973227 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Pérès
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - David Monedero Alonso
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Nudel
- Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Université Catholique, Lille, France
| | - Martin Figeac
- Univ-Lille, Plate-forme de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Structurale, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, cellule bioinformatique, plateau commun de séquençage, Lille, France
| | - Judith Bruge
- Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Université Catholique, Lille, France
| | - Shéhérazade Sebda
- Univ-Lille, Plate-forme de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Structurale, Lille, France
| | | | - Wassim El Nemer
- Inserm, UMR_S 1134, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine INTS, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Claude Preudhomme
- Univ-Lille, Plate-forme de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Structurale, Lille, France
| | - Christian Rose
- Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Université Catholique, Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Egée
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Bouyer
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Flatt JF, Stevens-Hernandez CJ, Cogan NM, Eggleston DJ, Haines NM, Heesom KJ, Picard V, Thomas C, Bruce LJ. Expression of South East Asian Ovalocytic Band 3 Disrupts Erythroblast Cytokinesis and Reticulocyte Maturation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:357. [PMID: 32411010 PMCID: PMC7199003 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis results from a heterozygous deletion of 9 amino acids in the erythrocyte anion exchange protein AE1 (band 3). The report of the first successful birth of an individual homozygous for this mutation showed an association with severe dyserythropoietic anemia. Imaging of the proband’s erythrocytes revealed the presence of band 3 at their surface, a reduction in Wr(b) antigen expression, and increases in glycophorin C, CD44, and CD147 immunoreactivity. Immunoblotting of membranes from heterozygous Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis red cells showed a quantitative increase in CD44, CD147, and calreticulin suggesting a defect in reticulocyte maturation, as well as an increase in phosphorylation at residue Tyr359 of band 3, and peroxiredoxin-2 at the membrane, suggesting altered band 3 trafficking and oxidative stress, respectively. In vitro culture of homozygous and heterozygous Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis erythroid progenitor cells produced bi- and multi-nucleated cells. Enucleation was severely impaired in the homozygous cells and reduced in the heterozygous cells. Large internal vesicular accumulations of band 3 formed, which co-localized with other plasma membrane proteins and with the autophagosome marker, LC3, but not with ER, Golgi or recycling endosome markers. Immunoprecipitation of band 3 from erythroblast cell lysates at the orthochromatic stage showed increased interaction of the mutant band 3 with heat shock proteins, ubiquitin and cytoskeleton proteins, ankyrin, spectrin and actin. We also found that the mutant band 3 forms a strong interaction with non-muscle myosins IIA and IIB, while this interaction could not be detected in wild type erythroblasts. Consistent with this, the localization of non-muscle myosin IIA and actin was perturbed in some Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis erythroblasts. These findings provide new insights toward understanding in vivo dyserythropoiesis caused by the expression of mutant membrane proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna F Flatt
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christian J Stevens-Hernandez
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola M Cogan
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Eggleston
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole M Haines
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kate J Heesom
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique Picard
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay Malabry, France
| | - Caroline Thomas
- Hématologie et Immunologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Mère Enfants, Nantes, France
| | - Lesley J Bruce
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Hereditary erythrocyte membrane disorders are caused by mutations in genes encoding various transmembrane or cytoskeletal proteins of red blood cells. The main consequences of these genetic alterations are decreased cell deformability and shortened erythrocyte survival. Red blood cell membrane defects encompass a heterogeneous group of haemolytic anaemias caused by either (i) altered membrane structural organisation (hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis, hereditary pyropoikilocytosis and Southeast Asian ovalocytosis) or (ii) altered membrane transport function (overhydrated hereditary stomatocytosis, dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis or xerocytosis, familial pseudohyperkalaemia and cryohydrocytosis). Herein we provide a comprehensive review of the recent literature on the molecular genetics of erythrocyte membrane defects and their reported clinical consequences. We also describe the effect of low-expression genetic variants on the high inter- and intra-familial phenotype variability of erythrocyte structural defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achille Iolascon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Andolfo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Flatt JF, Bruce LJ. The Molecular Basis for Altered Cation Permeability in Hereditary Stomatocytic Human Red Blood Cells. Front Physiol 2018; 9:367. [PMID: 29713289 PMCID: PMC5911802 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal human RBCs have a very low basal permeability (leak) to cations, which is continuously corrected by the Na,K-ATPase. The leak is temperature-dependent, and this temperature dependence has been evaluated in the presence of inhibitors to exclude the activity of the Na,K-ATPase and NaK2Cl transporter. The severity of the RBC cation leak is altered in various conditions, most notably the hereditary stomatocytosis group of conditions. Pedigrees within this group have been classified into distinct phenotypes according to various factors, including the severity and temperature-dependence of the cation leak. As recent breakthroughs have provided more information regarding the molecular basis of hereditary stomatocytosis, it has become clear that these phenotypes elegantly segregate with distinct genetic backgrounds. The cryohydrocytosis phenotype, including South-east Asian Ovalocytosis, results from mutations in SLC4A1, and the very rare condition, stomatin-deficient cryohydrocytosis, is caused by mutations in SLC2A1. Mutations in RHAG cause the very leaky condition over-hydrated stomatocytosis, and mutations in ABCB6 result in familial pseudohyperkalemia. All of the above are large multi-spanning membrane proteins and the mutations may either modify the structure of these proteins, resulting in formation of a cation pore, or otherwise disrupt the membrane to allow unregulated cation movement across the membrane. More recently mutations have been found in two RBC cation channels, PIEZO1 and KCNN4, which result in dehydrated stomatocytosis. These mutations alter the activation and deactivation kinetics of these channels, leading to increased opening and allowing greater cation fluxes than in wild type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna F Flatt
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley J Bruce
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in our understanding of the structural basis for altered cell function in various inherited red cell membrane disorders with reduced red cell survival and resulting hemolytic anemia. The current review summarizes these advances as they relate to defining the molecular and structural basis for disorders involving altered membrane structural organization (hereditary spherocytosis [HS] and hereditary elliptocytosis [HE]) and altered membrane transport function (hereditary overhydrated stomatocytosis and hereditary xerocytosis). Mutations in genes encoding membrane proteins that account for these distinct red cell phenotypes have been identified. These molecular insights have led to improved understanding of the structural basis for altered membrane function in these disorders. Weakening of vertical linkage between the lipid bilayer and spectrin-based membrane skeleton leads to membrane loss in HS. In contrast, weakening of lateral linkages among different skeletal proteins leads to membrane fragmentation and decreased surface area in HE. The degrees of membrane loss and resultant increases in cell sphericity determine the severity of anemia in these two disorders. Splenectomy leads to amelioration of anemia by increasing the circulatory red cell life span of spherocytic red cells that are normally sequestered by the spleen. Disordered membrane cation permeability and resultant increase or decrease in red cell volume account for altered cellular deformability of hereditary overhydrated stomatocytosis and hereditary xerocytosis, respectively. Importantly, splenectomy is not beneficial in these two membrane transport disorders and in fact contraindicated due to severe postsplenectomy thrombotic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Narla
- Regional Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - N Mohandas
- New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
King MJ, Garçon L, Hoyer JD, Iolascon A, Picard V, Stewart G, Bianchi P, Lee SH, Zanella A. ICSH guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of nonimmune hereditary red cell membrane disorders. Int J Lab Hematol 2015; 37:304-25. [PMID: 25790109 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary spherocytosis (HS), hereditary elliptocytosis (HE), and hereditary stomatocytosis (HSt) are inherited red cell disorders caused by defects in various membrane proteins. The heterogeneous clinical presentation, biochemical and genetic abnormalities in HS and HE have been well documented. The need to raise the awareness of HSt, albeit its much lower prevalence than HS, is due to the undesirable outcome of splenectomy in these patients. METHODS The scope of this guideline is to identify the characteristic clinical features, the red cell parameters (including red cell morphology) for these red cell disorders associated, respectively, with defective cytoskeleton (HS and HE) and abnormal cation permeability in the lipid bilayer (HSt) of the red cell. The current screening tests for HS are described, and their limitations are highlighted. RESULTS An appropriate diagnosis can often be made when the screening test result(s) is reviewed together with the patient's clinical/family history, blood count results, reticulocyte count, red cell morphology, and chemistry results. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of erythrocyte membrane proteins, monovalent cation flux measurement, and molecular analysis of membrane protein genes are specialist tests for further investigation. CONCLUSION Specialist tests provide additional evidence in supporting the diagnosis and that will facilitate the management of the patient. In the case of a patient's clinical phenotype being more severe than the affected members within the immediate family, molecular testing of all family members is useful for confirming the diagnosis and allows an insight into the molecular basis of the abnormality such as a recessive mode of inheritance or a de novo mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M-J King
- Membrane Biochemistry, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Barcellini W, Bianchi P, Fermo E, Imperiali FG, Marcello AP, Vercellati C, Zaninoni A, Zanella A. Hereditary red cell membrane defects: diagnostic and clinical aspects. Blood Transfus 2011; 9:274-277. [PMID: 21251470 PMCID: PMC3136593 DOI: 10.2450/2011.0086-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilma Barcellini
- Haematology Unit 2, Unit of Physiopathology of Anaemia, IRCSS General Hospital, Policlinico, Mangiagalli and Regina Elena Foundation, Via F. Sforza 35, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|