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Yamada S. Kyoto Collection in The Anatomical Record. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023. [PMID: 37435931 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Human embryology began at the end of the 19th century and has developed using valuable human embryo specimens; the Carnegie and Blechshmidt Collections are famous examples. Although established after these two collections, the Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos and Fetuses has become the largest collection worldwide, and its major asset is 1044 serial tissue sections comprising 547 normal and 497 abnormal cases. Morphological changes have been the focus of analysis owing to the absence of fresh embryos in the Kyoto Collection. Furthermore, analysis methods have undergone significant changes. For example, morphometrics has been used to quantitatively analyze shape changes, although it may result in the loss of information on shape changes, which can hinder the visualization of analysis results. However, geometric morphometrics has been recently introduced to the fetal and embryonic stages to circumvent this problem. With the development of DNA analysis kits, several hundred DNA base pairs have been extracted from the Kyoto Collection of studies conducted from the 2000s to the 2010s through genetic analysis. Future technological advances are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehito Yamada
- Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Dietrich JE, Freis A, Beedgen F, von Horn K, Holschbach V, Liebscher J, Strowitzki T, Germeyer A. Intraindividual Embryo Morphokinetics Are Not Affected by a Switch of the Ovarian Stimulation Protocol Between GnRH Agonist vs. Antagonist Regimens in Consecutive Cycles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:246. [PMID: 32411093 PMCID: PMC7198727 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The impact of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) during medically assisted reproduction (MAR) on human embryogenesis is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated if early embryonic development is affected by the type of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog used to prevent a premature LH surge. We compared embryo morphology and morphokinetics between GnRH agonist and antagonist cycles, both involving human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-trigger. To reduce possible confounding factors, we used intraindividual comparison of embryo morphokinetics in consecutive treatment cycles of the same patients that underwent a switch in the COS protocol. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed morphokinetics of embryos from patients (n = 49) undergoing a switch in COS protocols between GnRH agonists followed by GnRH antagonists, or vice versa, after culture in a time-lapse incubator (EmbryoScope®, Vitrolife) in our clinic between 06/2011 and 11/2016 (n = 49 GnRH agonist cycles with n = 172 embryos; n = 49 GnRH antagonist cycles with n = 163 embryos). Among time-lapse cycles we included all embryos of the two consecutive cycles before and after a switch in the type of COS in the same patient. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was performed and embryos were imaged up to day 5. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test or Fisher's exact test. The significance level was set to p = 0.05. Patients with preimplantation genetic screening cycles were excluded. Results: The mean age (years ± standard deviation) of patients at the time of treatment was 35.7 ± 4.3 (GnRH agonist) and 35.8 ± 4.0 (GnRH antagonist) (p = 0.94). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of oocytes collected or the fertilization rate. The numbers of top quality embryos (TQE), good-quality embryos (GQE), or poor-quality embryos (PQE) were also not different in GnRH agonist vs. antagonist cycles. We found no statistically significant difference between the analyzed morphokinetic parameters between the study groups. Conclusions: Our finding supports the flexible use of GnRH analogs to optimize patient treatment for COS without affecting embryo morphokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens E. Dietrich
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Heidelberg University Women's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jens E. Dietrich
| | - Alexander Freis
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Heidelberg University Women's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Beedgen
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Heidelberg University Women's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kyra von Horn
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Heidelberg University Women's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Holschbach
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Heidelberg University Women's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Liebscher
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Heidelberg University Women's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Strowitzki
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Heidelberg University Women's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ariane Germeyer
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Heidelberg University Women's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Graham A, Poopalasundaram S, Shone V, Kiecker C. A reappraisal and revision of the numbering of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat 2019; 235:1019-1023. [PMID: 31402457 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharyngeal arches are a prominent and significant feature of vertebrate embryos. These are visible as a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the embryonic head. In humans, and other amniotes, there are five pharyngeal arches numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6; note the missing '5'. This is the standard scheme for the numbering of these structures, and it is a feature of modern anatomy textbooks. In this article, we discuss the rationale behind this odd numbering, and consider its origins. One reason given is that there is a transient 5th arch that is never fully realized, while another is that this numbering reflects considerations from comparative anatomy. We show here, however, that neither of these reasons has substance. There is no evidence from embryology for a '5th' arch, and the comparative argument does not hold as it does not apply across the vertebrates. We conclude that there is no justification for this strange numbering. We suggest that the pharyngeal arches should simply be numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 as this would be in keeping with the embryology and with the general numbering of the pharyngeal arches across the vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Graham
- Department for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Victoria Shone
- Department for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Clemens Kiecker
- Department for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK
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Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Yamamoto M, Abe S, Katori Y, Murakami G. Development of the Human Incus With Special Reference to the Detachment From the Chondrocranium to be Transferred into the Middle Ear. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1405-1415. [PMID: 29669196 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian middle ear represents one of the most fundamental features defining this class of vertebrates. However, the origin and the developmental process of the incus in the human remains controversial. The present study seeks to demonstrate all the steps of development and integration of the incus within the middle ear. We examined histological sections of 55 human embryos and fetuses at 6 to 13 weeks of development. At 6 weeks of development (16 Carnegie Stage), the incus anlage was found at the cranial end of the first pharyngeal arch. At this stage, each of the three anlagen of the ossicles in the middle ear were independent in different locations. At Carnegie Stage 17 a homogeneous interzone clearly defined the incus and malleus anlagen. The cranial end of the incus was located very close to the otic capsule. At 7 and 8 weeks was characterized by the short limb of the incus connecting with the otic capsule. At 9 weeks was characterized by an initial disconnection of the incus from the otic capsule. At 13 weeks, a cavity appeared between the otic capsule and incus. Our results provide significant evidence that the human incus developed from the first pharyngeal arch but independently from Meckel's cartilage. Also, during development, the incus was connected with the otic capsule, and then it was detached definitively. The development of the incus in humans provides evidence that this ossicle is homologous to the quadrate. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Katori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine, Iwamizawa Asuka Hospital, Iwamizawa, Japan
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Gasser RF, Cork RJ, Stillwell BJ, McWilliams DT. Rebirth of human embryology. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:621-8. [PMID: 24395627 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond F Gasser
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Meng B, Pang A, Li M. Principle of relative positioning of structures in the human body. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:853-6. [PMID: 25206733 PMCID: PMC4146091 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The arrangement of various biological structures should generally ensure the safety of crucial structures and increase their working efficiency; however, other principles governing the relative positions of structures in humans have not been reported. The present study therefore investigated other principles using nerves and their companion vessels in the human body as an example. Nerves and blood vessels usually travel together and in the most direct way towards their targets. Human embryology, histology, and gross anatomy suggest that there are many possible positions for these structures during development. However, for mechanical reasons, tougher or stronger structures should take priority. Nerves are tougher than most other structures, followed by arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels. Nerves should therefore follow the most direct route, and be followed by the arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels. This general principle should be applicable to all living things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buliang Meng
- Department of Human Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China,
Corresponding author: Buliang Meng, Associate professor, Department of Human Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China, . (N20111103003/H)
| | - Ailan Pang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Human Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
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