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Zhao Z, Chua HM, Lai HY, Ng KW. A facile method to fabricate versatile keratin cryogels for tissue engineering applications. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025048. [PMID: 38364277 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2a3f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Human hair keratin (HHK) has been extensively explored as a biomaterial for soft tissue regeneration due to their excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. The possibility to fabricate HHK into three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels with physical properties resembling soft tissues has been well demonstrated. However, conventional keratin hydrogels often exhibit a dense architecture that could hinder cell filtration. In the present study, HHK-based cryogels were fabricated using a freeze-thaw (FT) method, where oxidized dopamine (ODA) was employed to covalently crosslink thiol/amine rich-keratin molecules at sub-zero temperatures. The obtained HHK-ODA cryogels have micron-sized pores ranging between 100 and 200 μm and mechanical properties that can be tuned by varying the crosslinking density between ODA and HHK. Through optimization of the weight content of ODA and the number of FT cycles, the compressive strengths and stiffnesses of these cryogels achieved 15-fold increments from ∼1.5 kPa to ∼22 kPa and ∼300 Pa to ∼5000 Pa, respectively. The HHK-ODA cryogels competently supported human dermal fibroblast spreading and proliferation. Overall, this study exhibited a facile method to fabricate mechanically superior keratin-based cryogels with cell compatible microarchitecture, circumventing the need for complicated chemical modifications and the use of cytotoxic crosslinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huei Min Chua
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Ying Lai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Hao M, Liu Y, Chen Z, Hu X, Zhang T, Zhu X, He X, Yang B. Cross-Linked Gamma Polyglutamic Acid/ Human Hair Keratin Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Excellent Biocompatibility and Biodegradability. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 36559871 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, human hair keratin has been widely studied and applied in clinical fields due to its good histocompatibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, the regenerated keratin from human hair cannot be electrospun alone because of its low molecular weight. Herein, gamma polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) was first selected to fabricate smooth and uniform γ-PGA/keratin composite scaffolds with excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability by electrospinning technology and a chemical cross-linking method in this study. The effect of electrospinning parameters on the structure and morphology, the mechanism of chemical cross-linking, biocompatibility in vitro cell culture experiments, and biodegradability in phosphate-buffered saline buffer solution and trypsin solution of the γ-PGA/keratin electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds (ENS) was studied. The results show that the cross-linked γ-PGA/keratin ENSs had excellent water stability and biodegradability. The γ-PGA/keratin ENSs showed better biocompatibility in promoting cell adhesion and cell growth compared with the γ-PGA ENSs. It is expected that γ-PGA/keratin ENSs will be easily and significantly used in tissue engineering to repair or regenerate materials.
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Qin HJ, Li H, Chen JZ, Zhang KR, Zhao XQ, Qin JQ, Yu B, Yang J. Artificial nerve graft constructed by coculture of activated Schwann cells and human hair keratin for repair of peripheral nerve defects. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1118-1123. [PMID: 36255001 PMCID: PMC9827759 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that human hair keratin (HHK) has no antigenicity and excellent mechanical properties. Schwann cells, as unique glial cells in the peripheral nervous system, can be induced by interleukin-1β to secrete nerve growth factor, which promotes neural regeneration. Therefore, HHK with Schwann cells may be a more effective approach to repair nerve defects than HHK without Schwann cells. In this study, we established an artificial nerve graft by loading an HHK skeleton with activated Schwann cells. We found that the longitudinal HHK microfilament structure provided adhesion medium, space and direction for Schwann cells, and promoted Schwann cell growth and nerve fiber regeneration. In addition, interleukin-1β not only activates Schwann cells, but also strengthens their activity and increases the expression of nerve growth factors. Activated Schwann cells activate macrophages, and activated macrophages secrete interleukin-1β, which maintains the activity of Schwann cells. Thus, a beneficial cycle forms and promotes nerve repair. Furthermore, our studies have found that the newly constructed artificial nerve graft promotes the improvements in nerve conduction function and motor function in rats with sciatic nerve injury, and increases the expression of nerve injury repair factors fibroblast growth factor 2 and human transforming growth factor B receptor 2. These findings suggest that this artificial nerve graft effectively repairs peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hang Li
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jun-Ze Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Baiyun Branch of Southern Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kai-Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xing-Qi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Qin
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China,Correspondence to: Jun Yang, ; Bin Yu, .
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China,Department of Orthopedics, The 74th Group Military Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China,Correspondence to: Jun Yang, ; Bin Yu, .
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Kang HJ, Ko N, Oh SJ, An SY, Hwang YS, Kim SY. Injectable Human Hair Keratin-Fibrinogen Hydrogels for Engineering 3D Microenvironments to Accelerate Oral Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13269. [PMID: 34948063 PMCID: PMC8709435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury of the oral cavity is atypical and often accompanied by uncontrolled bleeding and inflammation. Injectable hydrogels have been considered to be promising candidates for the treatment of oral injuries because of their simple formulation, minimally invasive application technique, and site-specific delivery. Fibrinogen-based hydrogels have been widely explored as effective materials for wound healing in tissue engineering due to their uniqueness. Recently, an injectable foam has taken the spotlight. However, the fibrin component of this biomaterial is relatively stiff. To address these challenges, we created keratin-conjugated fibrinogen (KRT-FIB). This study aimed to develop a novel keratin biomaterial and assess cell-biomaterial interactions. Consequently, a novel injectable KRT-FIB hydrogel was optimized through rheological measurements, and its injection performance, swelling behavior, and surface morphology were investigated. We observed an excellent cell viability, proliferation, and migration/cell-cell interaction, indicating that the novel KRT-FIB-injectable hydrogel is a promising platform for oral tissue regeneration with a high clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jeong Kang
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.Y.A.)
| | - Nare Ko
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Seong Yeong An
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.Y.A.)
| | - Yu-Shik Hwang
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.Y.A.)
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health & Medical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
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Moay ZK, Nguyen LTH, Hartrianti P, Lunny DP, Leavesley D, Kok YO, Chong SJ, Chua AWC, Tee SI, Ng KW. Keratin-Alginate Sponges Support Healing of Partial-Thickness Burns. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8594. [PMID: 34445299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep partial-thickness burns damage most of the dermis and can cause severe pain, scarring, and mortality if left untreated. This study serves to evaluate the effectiveness of crosslinked keratin–alginate composite sponges as dermal substitutes for deep partial-thickness burns. Crosslinked keratin–alginate sponges were tested for the ability to support human dermal fibroblasts in vitro and to support the closure and healing of partial-thickness burn wounds in Sus scrofa pigs. Keratin–alginate composite sponges supported the enhanced proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts compared to alginate-only sponges and exhibited decreased contraction in vitro when compared to keratin only sponges. As dermal substitutes in vivo, the sponges supported the expression of keratin 14, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and collagen IV within wound sites, comparable to collagen sponges. Keratin–alginate composite sponges supported the regeneration of basement membranes in the wounds more than in collagen-treated wounds and non-grafted controls, suggesting the subsequent development of pathological scar tissues may be minimized. Results from this study indicate that crosslinked keratin–alginate sponges are suitable alternative dermal substitutes for clinical applications in wound healing and skin regeneration.
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Mohamed JMM, Alqahtani A, Al Fatease A, Alqahtani T, Khan BA, Ashmitha B, Vijaya R. Human Hair Keratin Composite Scaffold: Characterisation and Biocompatibility Study on NIH 3T3 Fibroblast Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:781. [PMID: 34451878 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to transform human hair keratin waste into a scaffold for soft tissue engineering to heal wounds. The keratin was extracted using the Shindai method. Keratin and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was cross-linked with alginate dialdehyde and converted into a scaffold by the freeze-drying method using gentamycin sulphate (GS) as a model drug. The scaffold was subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), swelling index, porosity, water absorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), drug release, and cell viability (MTT) analysis. The scaffold was tested for keratinocyte growth using the murine fibroblast cell line (NIH 3T3 cells). The outcome from the keratin had a molecular weight band between 52-38 kDa in SDS-PAGE (Sodium dodecylsulfate-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). A porous scaffold was capable of water absorption (73.64 ± 14.29%), swelling ability (68.93 ± 1.33%), and the release of GS shown as 97.45 ± 4.57 and 93.86 ± 5.22 of 1:4 and 1:3 scaffolds at 16 h. The physicochemical evaluation revealed that the prepared scaffold exhibits the proper structural integrity: partially crystalline with a strong thermal property. The scaffold demonstrated better cell viability against the murine fibroblast cell line (NIH 3T3 cells). In conclusion, we found that the prepared composite scaffold (1:4) can be used for wound healing applications.
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Zhao Z, Chua HM, Goh BHR, Lai HY, Tan SJ, Moay ZK, Setyawati MI, Ng KW. Anisotropic hair keratin-dopamine composite scaffolds exhibit strain-stiffening properties. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:92-104. [PMID: 34254735 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human hair keratin (HHK) has been successfully explored as raw materials for three-dimensional scaffolds for soft tissue regeneration due to its excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. However, none of the reported HHK based scaffolds is able to replicate the strain-stiffening capacity of living tissues when responding to large deformations. In the present study, strain-stiffening property was achieved in scaffolds fabricated from HHK via a synergistic effect of well-defined, aligned microstructure and chemical crosslinking. Directed ice-templating method was used to fabricate HHK-based scaffolds with highly aligned (anisotropic) microstructure while oxidized dopamine (ODA) was used to crosslink covalently to HHKs. The resultant HHK-ODA scaffolds exhibited strain-stiffening behavior characterized by the increased gradient of the stress-strain curve after the yield point. Both ultimate tensile strength and the elongation at break were enhanced significantly (~700 kPa, ~170%) in comparison to that of HHK scaffolds lacking of aligned microstructure or ODA crosslinking. In vitro cell culture studies indicated that HHK-ODA scaffolds successfully supported human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) adhesion, spreading and proliferation. Moreover, anisotropic HHK-ODA scaffolds guided cell growth in alignment with the defined microstructure as shown by the highly organized cytoskeletal networks and nuclei distribution. The findings suggest that HHK-ODA scaffolds, with strain-stiffening properties, biocompatibility and bioactivity, have the potential to be applied as biomimetic matrices for soft tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Huei Min Chua
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Bernice Huan Rong Goh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hui Ying Lai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Shao Jie Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Zi Kuang Moay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Biomedical Science Institutes, Singapore
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8
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Yi Z, Cui X, Chen G, Chen X, Jiang X, Li X. Biocompatible, Antioxidant Nanoparticles Prepared from Natural Renewable Tea Polyphenols and Human Hair Keratins for Cell Protection and Anti-inflammation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1046-1057. [PMID: 33512989 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative stress of tissues and adversely influence homeostasis of the body. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with an antioxidative effect can effectively eliminate the ROS, but an evident weakness associated with it is the relatively poor cytocompatibility. Combining with other biomacromolecules such as human hair keratin (KE) and using nanotechnology to prepare nanoparticles can improve this situation. By covalent bonding, we assembled KE and EGCG into KE-EGCG nanoparticles (NANO) with size of about 50 nm and characterized them by DLS, UV, FTIR, NMR, and XPS. Free radical scavenging experiments show that antioxidant properties of the obtained NANO are superior to that of vitamin C. Cell culture experiments also show that the NANO can effectively protect the proliferation of L929 cells and HUVEC cells. In addition, we also used RAW264.7 cells to establish a H2O2-induced cell injury model and an lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular inflammatory model to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of NANO. The results show that the NANO can effectively prevent cells from oxidative damage and reduce inflammatory expression of the cells, indicating that the NANO have a good antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect on cells which can be applied to many diseases related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Yi
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xinxing Cui
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Guangcan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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Zhao Z, Moay ZK, Lai HY, Goh BHR, Chua HM, Setyawati MI, Ng KW. Characterization of Anisotropic Human Hair Keratin Scaffolds Fabricated via Directed Ice Templating. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000314. [PMID: 33146949 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Human hair keratin (HHK) is successfully exploited as raw materials for 3D scaffolds for soft tissue regeneration owing to its excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. However, most HHK scaffolds are not able to achieve the anisotropic mechanical properties of soft tissues such as tendons and ligaments due to lack of tunable, well-defined microstructures. In this study, directed ice templating method is used to fabricate anisotropic HHK scaffolds that are characterized by aligned pores (channels) in between keratin layers in the longitudinal plane. In contrast, pores in the transverse plane maintain a homogenous rounded morphology. Channel widths throughout the scaffolds range from ≈5 to ≈15 µm and are tunable by varying the freezing temperature. In comparison with HHK scaffolds with random, isotropic pore structures, the tensile strength of anisotropic HHK scaffolds is enhanced significantly by up to fourfolds (≈200 to ≈800 kPa) when the tensile load is applied in the direction parallel to the aligned pores. In vitro results demonstrate that the anisotropic HHK scaffolds are able to support human dermal fibroblast adhesion, spreading, and proliferation. The findings suggest that HHK scaffolds with well-defined, aligned microstructure hold promise as templates for soft tissues regeneration by mimicking their anisotropic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zi Kuang Moay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hui Ying Lai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bernice Huan Rong Goh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Huei Min Chua
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.,Center for Nanotechnology and NanotoxicologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Environmental Chemistry and Materials CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institution, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.,Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Biomedical Science Institutes, Immunos, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
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Gao F, Li W, Kan J, Ding Y, Wang Y, Deng J, Qing R, Wang B, Hao S. Insight into the Regulatory Function of Human Hair Keratins in Wound Healing Using Proteomics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900235. [PMID: 32297487 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Keratins derived from human hair possess excellent wound healing qualities. However, their functional contribution to this process is poorly understood. In this study, the regulatory function of human hair keratins in wound healing is investigated using proteomic analysis by dividing keratins into different groups based on their molecular weight distributions: low molecular weight keratins (LMWK, 10-30 kDa), medium molecular weight keratins (MMWK, 30-50 kDa), and high molecular weight keratins (HMWK, >50 kDa). Keratin hydrogels with different molecular weights exhibit various morphologies, rheological properties, degradation rates, and wound healing activities. Using proteomic analysis, LMWK and HMWK hydrogels exhibit a stronger regulatory ability for wound healing at days 1 and 7, respectively. The major functions of LMWK during wound healing are regulation of cells communication and function. In contrast, proteins associated with energy metabolism are significantly expressed after HMWK hydrogel treatment at day 1, and these play an important role in cellular growth and reactive oxygen species scavenging at day 7. These results demonstrate that the wound healing qualities of human hair keratins are influenced by their molecular weight distribution, and the proteomic analysis sheds new light on the regulatory function of human hair keratins during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jinlan Kan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jia Deng
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Rui Qing
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Shilei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.,Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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11
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Cui X, Xu S, Su W, Sun Z, Yi Z, Ma X, Chen G, Chen X, Guo B, Li X. Freeze-thaw cycles for biocompatible, mechanically robust scaffolds of human hair keratins. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1452-1461. [PMID: 30339743 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The keratin-based scaffolds are getting more and more attention in the application of tissue engineering. Though various approaches have been considered to improve the physical properties of these scaffolds, few succeeded in achieving the enhanced properties of the pure keratin scaffolds. Due to the presence of -OH, -NH2 , >CO, and -SH on the extracted human hair keratin (HHK), the formation of hydrogen bonds and disulfide bridges could be triggered under certain conditions, leading to the self-cross-linking of HHK materials. Herein, a simple and green strategy was introduced, via freeze-thaw cycles of keratin solutions without addition of extraneous reagents, to obtain the mechanically robust HHK scaffolds. The comparative quantitation of residual -SH among the samples treated with 1, 5, and 9 cycles confirmed the oxidation in the thaw process for forming disulfide bonds. So, the equivalent thaw time was applied in this study, and three groups of the treated samples after 1, 5, and 9 cycles with an appropriate extension thaw time were prepared to solely investigate the effects of physical cross-linking networks, primarily by formation of hydrogen bonds, on the properties of the obtained scaffolds. The systematic assessments including swelling behavior, porosity, thermal analysis, compressive measurement, and microstructural observation confirmed that the repetitive freeze-thaw treatment contributed to mechanically robust scaffolds with good porous interconnectivity. The cell culturing experiments further verified that these HHK scaffolds had desirable cytocompatibility, permitting the proper proliferation, attachment, and infiltration. Accordingly, this study provided a simple and efficient method to obtain biocompatible, mechanically robust keratin scaffolds. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1452-1461, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Cui
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Songmei Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng Yi
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangcan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
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Parker RN, Roth KL, Kim C, McCord JP, Van Dyke ME, Grove TZ. Homo- and heteropolymer self-assembly of recombinant trichocytic keratins. Biopolymers 2017; 107. [PMID: 28741310 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, keratin biomaterials have shown impressive results as scaffolds for tissue engineering, wound healing, and nerve regeneration. In addition to its intrinsic biocompatibility, keratin interacts with specific cell receptors eliciting beneficial biochemical cues. However, during extraction from natural sources, such as hair and wool fibers, natural keratins are subject to extensive processing conditions that lead to formation of unwanted by-products. Additionally, natural keratins suffer from limited sequence tunability. Recombinant keratin proteins can overcome these drawbacks while maintaining the desired chemical and physical characteristics of natural keratins. Herein, we present the bacterial expression, purification, and solution characterization of human hair keratins K31 and K81. The obligate heterodimerization of the K31/K81 pair that results in formation of intermediate filaments is maintained in the recombinant proteins. Surprisingly, we have for the first time observed new zero- and one-dimensional nanostructures from homooligomerization of K81 and K31, respectively. Further analysis of the self-assembly mechanism highlights the importance of disulfide crosslinking in keratin self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael N Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24060
| | - Kristina L Roth
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24060
| | - Christina Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24060
| | - Jennifer P McCord
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24060
| | - Mark E Van Dyke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24060
| | - Tijana Z Grove
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24060
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