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Szczuko M, Komisarska P, Kikut J, Drozd A, Sochaczewska D. Calprotectin Is Associated with HETE and HODE Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7584. [PMID: 38137653 PMCID: PMC10744317 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal diseases are identified as autoimmune phenomena attributed to a specific virus that binds to the mucosal epithelium. The importance of precise diagnostic processes and identification is emphasized, but the multifaceted and complex etiological factors pose challenges for effective treatment. A recent supplementary study suggested a linkage between the secretion of calprotectin, a protein associated with inflammatory processes, and increased levels of hydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (HETE) and hydroxyoctadecadienoic (HODE) compounds. METHODS Sixty-two patients (average age: 14.06 ± 2.93 years) suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases were included in this study. Comparative analyses were performed to assess the concentrations of calprotectin against the levels of arachidonic acid derivatives. The calprotectin concentration was determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The derivatives of HETE and HODE were identified through liquid chromatography. RESULTS Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) displayed higher average concentrations of fatty acid metabolites; however, no correlation with calprotectin was observed. A dependency of 12S HETE concentration relative to age was noted in the CD group, and a similar trend was also identified in ulcerative colitis (UC), with the significant metabolites being 15 HETE and 5 oxoETE. In UC patients, a positive correlation was established between the calprotectin concentration and the acids 5-HETE and 12-HETE. CONCLUSIONS These findings may be instrumental for monitoring the inflammatory states of patients and indicating a pathway for intervention. The metabolite 16RS HETE is associated with UC activity, and 15-HETE is related to the disease's duration. A relatively more significant role of HETE acids in the progression of the disease was observed in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szczuko
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72-009 Police, Poland (A.D.)
| | - Paulina Komisarska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72-009 Police, Poland (A.D.)
| | - Justyna Kikut
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72-009 Police, Poland (A.D.)
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72-009 Police, Poland (A.D.)
| | - Diana Sochaczewska
- Department of Neonatology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72-009 Police, Poland;
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West AL, von Gerichten J, Irvine NA, Miles EA, Lillycrop KA, Calder PC, Fielding BA, Burdge GC. Fatty acid composition and metabolic partitioning of α-linolenic acid are contingent on life stage in human CD3 + T lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1079642. [PMID: 36582247 PMCID: PMC9792684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune function changes across the life course; the fetal immune system is characterised by tolerance while that of seniors is less able to respond effectively to antigens and is more pro-inflammatory than in younger adults. Lipids are involved centrally in immune function but there is limited information about how T cell lipid metabolism changes during the life course. Methods and Results We investigated whether life stage alters fatty acid composition, lipid droplet content and α-linolenic acid (18:3ω-3) metabolism in human fetal CD3+ T lymphocytes and in CD3+ T lymphocytes from adults (median 41 years) and seniors (median 70 years). Quiescent fetal T cells had higher saturated (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents than adults or seniors. Activation-induced changes in fatty acid composition differed between life stages. The principal metabolic fates of [13C]18:3ω-3 were constitutive hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid synthesis and β-oxidation and carbon recycling into SFA and MUFA. These processes declined progressively across the life course. Longer chain ω-3 PUFA synthesis was a relatively minor metabolic fate of 18:3ω-3 at all life stages. Fetal and adult T lymphocytes had similar lipid droplet contents, which were lower than in T cells from seniors. Variation in the lipid droplet content of adult T cells accounted for 62% of the variation in mitogen-induced CD69 expression, but there was no significant relationship in fetal cells or lymphocytes from seniors. Discussion Together these findings show that fatty acid metabolism in human T lymphocytes changes across the life course in a manner that may facilitate the adaptation of immune function to different life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette L. West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna von Gerichten
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola A. Irvine
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara A. Fielding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Graham C. Burdge
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Graham C. Burdge,
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Stawarska A, Jelińska M, Czaja J, Pacześniak E, Bobrowska-Korczak B. Oils' Impact on Comprehensive Fatty Acid Analysis and Their Metabolites in Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1232. [PMID: 32349264 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated, and their metabolites (eicosanoids) play many pivotal roles in human body, influencing various physiological and pathological processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with edible oils diverse in terms of fatty acid composition on fatty acid contents, activities of converting their enzymes, and on lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic and linoleic acids (eicosanoids) in rat serum. Female Sprague-Dawley rats divided into seven groups were used in the study. Animals from six groups were fed one of oils daily (carotino oil, made up by combining of red palm oil and canola oil, linseed oil, olive oil, rice oil, sesame oil, or sunflower oil). One group received a standard diet only. Fatty acids were determined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Eicosanoids—hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE) and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODE) were extracted using a solid-phase extraction method and analyzed with HPLC. Vegetable oils given daily to rats caused significant changes in serum fatty acid profile and eicosanoid concentrations. Significant differences were also found in desaturases’ activity, with the linseed and olive oil supplemented groups characterized by the highest D6D and D5D activity. These findings may play a significant role in various pathological states.
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Ross DJ, Hough G, Hama S, Aboulhosn J, Belperio JA, Saggar R, Van Lenten BJ, Ardehali A, Eghbali M, Reddy S, Fogelman AM, Navab M. Proinflammatory high-density lipoprotein results from oxidized lipid mediators in the pathogenesis of both idiopathic and associated types of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2015; 5:640-8. [PMID: 26697171 DOI: 10.1086/683695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by abnormal elaboration of vasoactive peptides, endothelial cell dysfunction, vascular remodeling, and inflammation, which collectively contribute to its pathogenesis. We investigated the potential for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) dysfunction (i.e., proinflammatory effects) and abnormal plasma eicosanoid levels to contribute to the pathobiology of PAH and assessed ex vivo the effect of treatment with apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide 4F on the observed HDL dysfunction. We determined the "inflammatory indices" HII and LII for HDL and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), respectively, in subjects with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) and associated PAH (APAH) by an in vitro monocyte chemotaxis assay. The 4F was added ex vivo, and repeat LII and HII values were obtained versus a sham treatment. We further determined eicosanoid levels in plasma and HDL fractions from patients with IPAH and APAH relative to controls. The LIIs were significantly higher for IPAH and APAH patients than for controls. Incubation of plasma with 4F before isolation of LDL and HDL significantly reduced the LII values, compared with sham-treated LDL, for IPAH and APAH. The increased LII values reflected increased states of LDL oxidation and thereby increased proinflammatory effects in both cohorts. The HIIs for both PAH cohorts reflected a "dysfunctional HDL phenotype," that is, proinflammatory HDL effects. In contrast to "normal HDL function," the determined HIIs were significantly increased for the IPAH and APAH cohorts. Ex vivo 4F treatment significantly improved the HDL function versus the sham treatment. Although there was a significant "salutary effect" of 4F treatment, this did not entirely normalize the HII. Significantly increased levels for both IPAH and APAH versus controls were evident for the eicosanoids 9-HODE, 13-HODE, 5-HETE, 12-HETE, and 15-HETE, while no statistical differences were evident for comparisons of IPAH and APAH for the determined plasma eicosanoid levels in the HDL fractions. Our study has further implicated the putative role of "oxidant stress" and inflammation in the pathobiology of PAH. Our data suggest the influences on the "dysfunctional HDL phenotype" of increased oxidized fatty acids, which are paradoxically proinflammatory. We speculate that therapies that target either the "inflammatory milieu" or the "dysfunctional HDL phenotype," such as apoA-I mimetic peptides, may be valuable avenues of further research in pulmonary vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Ross
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Greg Hough
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan Hama
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jamil Aboulhosn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John A Belperio
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rajan Saggar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian J Van Lenten
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Abbas Ardehali
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Srinivasa Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alan M Fogelman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohamad Navab
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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