1
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Membrez M, Migliavacca E, Christen S, Yaku K, Trieu J, Lee AK, Morandini F, Giner MP, Stiner J, Makarov MV, Garratt ES, Vasiloglou MF, Chanvillard L, Dalbram E, Ehrlich AM, Sanchez-Garcia JL, Canto C, Karagounis LG, Treebak JT, Migaud ME, Heshmat R, Razi F, Karnani N, Ostovar A, Farzadfar F, Tay SKH, Sanders MJ, Lillycrop KA, Godfrey KM, Nakagawa T, Moco S, Koopman R, Lynch GS, Sorrentino V, Feige JN. Trigonelline is an NAD + precursor that improves muscle function during ageing and is reduced in human sarcopenia. Nat Metab 2024; 6:433-447. [PMID: 38504132 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and low nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels are hallmarks of skeletal muscle ageing and sarcopenia1-3, but it is unclear whether these defects result from local changes or can be mediated by systemic or dietary cues. Here we report a functional link between circulating levels of the natural alkaloid trigonelline, which is structurally related to nicotinic acid4, NAD+ levels and muscle health in multiple species. In humans, serum trigonelline levels are reduced with sarcopenia and correlate positively with muscle strength and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. Using naturally occurring and isotopically labelled trigonelline, we demonstrate that trigonelline incorporates into the NAD+ pool and increases NAD+ levels in Caenorhabditis elegans, mice and primary myotubes from healthy individuals and individuals with sarcopenia. Mechanistically, trigonelline does not activate GPR109A but is metabolized via the nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase/Preiss-Handler pathway5,6 across models. In C. elegans, trigonelline improves mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis, reduces age-related muscle wasting and increases lifespan and mobility through an NAD+-dependent mechanism requiring sirtuin. Dietary trigonelline supplementation in male mice enhances muscle strength and prevents fatigue during ageing. Collectively, we identify nutritional supplementation of trigonelline as an NAD+-boosting strategy with therapeutic potential for age-associated muscle decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Membrez
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Christen
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Keisuke Yaku
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jennifer Trieu
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alaina K Lee
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francesco Morandini
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Pilar Giner
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jade Stiner
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail V Makarov
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacology, F. P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Emma S Garratt
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Human Developmental and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Maria F Vasiloglou
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Chanvillard
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Dalbram
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amy M Ehrlich
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Carles Canto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leonidas G Karagounis
- Nestlé Health Science, Translation Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie E Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacology, F. P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Razi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Afshin Ostovar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Stacey K H Tay
- KTP-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew J Sanders
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Human Developmental and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Human Developmental and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sofia Moco
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René Koopman
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jerome N Feige
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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2
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Burton MA, Antoun E, Garratt ES, Westbury L, Dennison EM, Harvey NC, Cooper C, Patel HP, Godfrey KM, Lillycrop KA. The serum small non-coding RNA (SncRNA) landscape as a molecular biomarker of age associated muscle dysregulation and insulin resistance in older adults. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23423. [PMID: 38294260 PMCID: PMC10952661 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301089rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) are implicated in age-associated pathologies, including sarcopenia and insulin resistance (IR). As potential circulating biomarkers, most studies have focussed on microRNAs (miRNAs), one class of sncRNA. This study characterized the wider circulating sncRNA transcriptome of older individuals and associations with sarcopenia and IR. sncRNA expression including miRNAs, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), tRNA-associated fragments (tRFs), and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) was measured in serum from 21 healthy and 21 sarcopenic Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study extension women matched for age (mean 78.9 years) and HOMA2-IR. Associations with age, sarcopenia and HOMA2-IR were examined and predicted gene targets and biological pathways characterized. Of the total sncRNA among healthy controls, piRNAs were most abundant (85.3%), followed by tRNAs (4.1%), miRNAs (2.7%), and tRFs (0.5%). Age was associated (FDR < 0.05) with 2 miRNAs, 58 tRNAs, and 14 tRFs, with chromatin organization, WNT signaling, and response to stress enriched among gene targets. Sarcopenia was nominally associated (p < .05) with 12 tRNAs, 3 tRFs, and 6 piRNAs, with target genes linked to cell proliferation and differentiation such as Notch Receptor 1 (NOTCH1), DISC1 scaffold protein (DISC1), and GLI family zinc finger-2 (GLI2). HOMA2-IR was nominally associated (p<0.05) with 6 miRNAs, 9 tRNAs, 1 tRF, and 19 piRNAs, linked with lysine degradation, circadian rhythm, and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways. These findings identify changes in circulating sncRNA expression in human serum associated with chronological age, sarcopenia, and IR. These may have clinical utility as circulating biomarkers of ageing and age-associated pathologies and provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Burton
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Elie Antoun
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Emma S. Garratt
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Leo Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Elaine M. Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Victoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Nicholas C. Harvey
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Harnish P. Patel
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
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3
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Thornton JM, Shah NM, Lillycrop KA, Cui W, Johnson MR, Singh N. Multigenerational diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1245899. [PMID: 38288471 PMCID: PMC10822950 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1245899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes (GDM) changes the maternal metabolic and uterine environment, thus increasing the risk of short- and long-term adverse outcomes for both mother and child. Children of mothers who have GDM during their pregnancy are more likely to develop Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), early-onset cardiovascular disease and GDM when they themselves become pregnant, perpetuating a multigenerational increased risk of metabolic disease. The negative effect of GDM is exacerbated by maternal obesity, which induces a greater derangement of fetal adipogenesis and growth. Multiple factors, including genetic, epigenetic and metabolic, which interact with lifestyle factors and the environment, are likely to contribute to the development of GDM. Genetic factors are particularly important, with 30% of women with GDM having at least one parent with T2D. Fetal epigenetic modifications occur in response to maternal GDM, and may mediate both multi- and transgenerational risk. Changes to the maternal metabolome in GDM are primarily related to fatty acid oxidation, inflammation and insulin resistance. These might be effective early biomarkers allowing the identification of women at risk of GDM prior to the development of hyperglycaemia. The impact of the intra-uterine environment on the developing fetus, "developmental programming", has a multisystem effect, but its influence on adipogenesis is particularly important as it will determine baseline insulin sensitivity, and the response to future metabolic challenges. Identifying the critical window of metabolic development and developing effective interventions are key to our ability to improve population metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Thornton
- Department of Academic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nishel M. Shah
- Department of Academic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Johnson
- Department of Academic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Singh
- Department of Academic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Burton MA, Garratt ES, Hewitt MO, Sharkh HY, Antoun E, Westbury LD, Dennison EM, Harvey NC, Cooper C, MacIsaac JL, Kobor MS, Patel HP, Godfrey KM, Lillycrop KA. DNA methylation of insulin signaling pathways is associated with HOMA2-IR in primary myoblasts from older adults. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:17. [PMID: 37898813 PMCID: PMC10612387 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-023-00326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While ageing is associated with increased insulin resistance (IR), the molecular mechanisms underlying increased IR in the muscle, the primary organ for glucose clearance, have yet to be elucidated in older individuals. As epigenetic processes are suggested to contribute to the development of ageing-associated diseases, we investigated whether differential DNA methylation was associated with IR in human primary muscle stem cells (myoblasts) from community-dwelling older individuals. METHODS We measured DNA methylation (Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip) in myoblast cultures from vastus lateralis biopsies (119 males/females, mean age 78.24 years) from the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study extension (HSSe) and examined differentially methylated cytosine phosphate guanine (CpG) sites (dmCpG), regions (DMRs) and gene pathways associated with HOMA2-IR, an index for the assessment of insulin resistance, and levels of glycated hemoglobin HbA1c. RESULTS Thirty-eight dmCpGs (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05) were associated with HOMA2-IR, with dmCpGs enriched in genes linked with JNK, AMPK and insulin signaling. The methylation signal associated with HOMA2-IR was attenuated after the addition of either BMI (6 dmCpGs), appendicular lean mass index (ALMi) (7 dmCpGs), grip strength (15 dmCpGs) or gait speed (23 dmCpGs) as covariates in the model. There were 8 DMRs (Stouffer < 0.05) associated with HOMA2-IR, including DMRs within T-box transcription factor (TBX1) and nuclear receptor subfamily-2 group F member-2 (NR2F2); the DMRs within TBX1 and NR2F2 remained associated with HOMA2-IR after adjustment for BMI, ALMi, grip strength or gait speed. Forty-nine dmCpGs and 21 DMRs were associated with HbA1c, with cg13451048, located within exoribonuclease family member 3 (ERI3) associated with both HOMA2-IR and HbA1c. HOMA2-IR and HbA1c were not associated with accelerated epigenetic ageing. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that insulin resistance is associated with differential DNA methylation in human primary myoblasts with both muscle mass and body composition making a significant contribution to the methylation changes associated with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Burton
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emma S Garratt
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew O Hewitt
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hanan Y Sharkh
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elie Antoun
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Leo D Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elaine M Dennison
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia L MacIsaac
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Edwin S.H. Leong Healthy Aging Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Edwin S.H. Leong Healthy Aging Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Harnish P Patel
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Academic Geriatric Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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5
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Issarapu P, Arumalla M, Elliott HR, Nongmaithem SS, Sankareswaran A, Betts M, Sajjadi S, Kessler NJ, Bayyana S, Mansuri SR, Derakhshan M, Krishnaveni GV, Shrestha S, Kumaran K, Di Gravio C, Sahariah SA, Sanderson E, Relton CL, Ward KA, Moore SE, Prentice AM, Lillycrop KA, Fall CHD, Silver MJ, Chandak GR. DNA methylation at the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) gene influences height in childhood. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5200. [PMID: 37626025 PMCID: PMC10457295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human height is strongly influenced by genetics but the contribution of modifiable epigenetic factors is under-explored, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). We investigate links between blood DNA methylation and child height in four LMIC cohorts (n = 1927) and identify a robust association at three CpGs in the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) gene which replicates in a high-income country cohort (n = 879). SOCS3 methylation (SOCS3m)-height associations are independent of genetic effects. Mendelian randomization analysis confirms a causal effect of SOCS3m on height. In longitudinal analysis, SOCS3m explains a maximum 9.5% of height variance in mid-childhood while the variance explained by height polygenic risk score increases from birth to 21 years. Children's SOCS3m is associated with prenatal maternal folate and socio-economic status. In-vitro characterization confirms a regulatory effect of SOCS3m on gene expression. Our findings suggest epigenetic modifications may play an important role in driving child height in LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachand Issarapu
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- MRC Unit The Gambia at The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
| | - Manisha Arumalla
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Hannah R Elliott
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Suraj S Nongmaithem
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Alagu Sankareswaran
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, AcSIR, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Modupeh Betts
- MRC Unit The Gambia at The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
| | - Sara Sajjadi
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, AcSIR, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Noah J Kessler
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Swati Bayyana
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, AcSIR, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sohail R Mansuri
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, AcSIR, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Maria Derakhshan
- MRC Unit The Gambia at The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
| | - G V Krishnaveni
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Smeeta Shrestha
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kalyanaraman Kumaran
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Chiara Di Gravio
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Eleanor Sanderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate A Ward
- MRC Unit The Gambia at The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
- Department of Women & Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie E Moore
- MRC Unit The Gambia at The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
- Department of Women & Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- MRC Unit The Gambia at The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Caroline H D Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matt J Silver
- MRC Unit The Gambia at The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, AcSIR, Ghaziabad, India.
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6
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Burton MA, Antoun E, Garratt ES, Westbury L, Baczynska A, Dennison EM, Harvey NC, Cooper C, Patel HP, Godfrey KM, Lillycrop KA. Adiposity is associated with widespread transcriptional changes and downregulation of longevity pathways in aged skeletal muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:1762-1774. [PMID: 37199333 PMCID: PMC10401538 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amongst healthy older people, a number of correlates of impaired skeletal muscle mass and function have been defined. Although the prevalence of obesity is increasing markedly in this age group, information is sparse about the particular impacts of obesity on ageing skeletal muscle or the molecular mechanisms that underlie this and associated disease risk. METHODS Here, we examined genome-wide transcriptional changes using RNA sequencing in muscle biopsies from 40 older community-dwelling men from the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study with regard to obesity (body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m2 , n = 7), overweight (BMI 25-30, n = 19), normal weight (BMI < 25, n = 14), and per cent and total fat mass. In addition, we used EPIC DNA methylation array data to investigate correlations between DNA methylation and gene expression in aged skeletal muscle tissue and investigated the relationship between genes within altered regulatory pathways and muscle histological parameters. RESULTS Individuals with obesity demonstrated a prominent modified transcriptional signature in muscle tissue, with a total of 542 differentially expressed genes associated with obesity (false discovery rate ≤0.05), of which 425 genes were upregulated when compared with normal weight. Upregulated genes were enriched in immune response (P = 3.18 × 10-41 ) and inflammation (leucocyte activation, P = 1.47 × 10-41 ; tumour necrosis factor, P = 2.75 × 10-15 ) signalling pathways and downregulated genes enriched in longevity (P = 1.5 × 10-3 ) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (P = 4.5 × 10-3 ) signalling pathways. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes in both longevity and AMPK signalling pathways were associated with a change in DNA methylation, with a total of 256 and 360 significant cytosine-phosphate-guanine-gene correlations identified, respectively. Similar changes in the muscle transcriptome were observed with respect to per cent fat mass and total fat mass. Obesity was further associated with a significant increase in type II fast-fibre area (P = 0.026), of which key regulatory genes within both longevity and AMPK pathways were significantly associated. CONCLUSIONS We provide for the first time a global transcriptomic profile of skeletal muscle in older people with and without obesity, demonstrating modulation of key genes and pathways implicated in the regulation of muscle function, changes in DNA methylation associated with such pathways and associations between genes within the modified pathways implicated in muscle regulation and changes in muscle fibre type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Burton
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Elie Antoun
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Emma S. Garratt
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Leo Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Alica Baczynska
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Elaine M. Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Victoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Nicholas C. Harvey
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Harnish P. Patel
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
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Irvine NA, West AL, Von Gerichten J, Miles EA, Lillycrop KA, Calder PC, Fielding BA, Burdge GC. Exogenous tetracosahexaenoic acid modifies the fatty acid composition of human primary T lymphocytes and Jurkat T cell leukemia cells contingent on cell type. Lipids 2023; 58:185-196. [PMID: 37177900 PMCID: PMC10946481 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6ω-3) is an intermediate in the conversion of 18:3ω-3 to 22:6ω-3 in mammals. There is limited information about whether cells can assimilate and metabolize exogenous 24:6ω-3. This study compared the effect of incubation with 24:6ω-3 on the fatty acid composition of two related cell types, primary CD3+ T lymphocytes and Jurkat T cell leukemia, which differ in the integrity of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthesis pathway. 24:6ω-3 was only detected in either cell type when cells were incubated with 24:6ω-3. Incubation with 24:6ω-3 induced similar increments in the amount of 22:6ω-3 in both cell types and modified the homeoviscous adaptations fatty acid composition induced by activation of T lymphocytes. The effect of incubation with 18:3ω-3 compared to 24:6ω-3 on the increment in 22:6ω-3 was tested in Jurkat cells because primary T cells cannot convert 18:3ω-3 to 22:6ω-3. The increment in the 22:6ω-3 content of Jurkat cells incubated with 24:6ω-3 was 19.5-fold greater than that of cells incubated with 18:3ω-3. Acyl-coA oxidase siRNA knockdown decreased the amount of 22:6ω-3 and increased the amount of 24:6ω-3 in Jurkat cells. These findings show exogenous 24:6ω-3 can be incorporated into primary human T lymphocytes and Jurkat cells and induces changes in fatty acid composition consistent with its conversion to 22:6ω-3 via a mechanism involving peroxisomal β-oxidation that is regulated independently from the integrity of the upstream PUFA synthesis pathway. One further implication is that consuming 24:6ω-3 may be an effective alternative means of achieving health benefits attributed to 20:5ω-3 and 22:6ω-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A. Irvine
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
| | - Annette L. West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
| | - Johanna Von Gerichten
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
| | - Elizabeth A. Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
- National Institute of Health and Care Research Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust and University of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
| | - Barbara A. Fielding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
| | - Graham C. Burdge
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
- National Institute of Health and Care Research Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust and University of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
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8
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von Gerichten J, West AL, Irvine NA, Miles EA, Calder PC, Lillycrop KA, Burdge GC, Fielding BA. Oxylipin secretion by human CD3 + T lymphocytes in vitro is modified by the exogenous essential fatty acid ratio and life stage. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206733. [PMID: 37388745 PMCID: PMC10300345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune function changes across the life stages; for example, senior adults exhibit a tendency towards a weaker cell-mediated immune response and a stronger inflammatory response than younger adults. This might be partly mediated by changes in oxylipin synthesis across the life course. Oxylipins are oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that modulate immune function and inflammation. A number of PUFAs are precursors to oxylipins, including the essential fatty acids (EFAs) linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA). LA and ALA are also substrates for synthesis of longer chain PUFAs. Studies with stable isotopes have shown that the relative amounts of LA and ALA can influence their partitioning by T lymphocytes between conversion to longer chain PUFAs and to oxylipins. It is not known whether the relative availability of EFA substrates influences the overall pattern of oxylipin secretion by human T cells or if this changes across the life stages. To address this, the oxylipin profile was determined in supernatants from resting and mitogen activated human CD3+ T cell cultures incubated in medium containing an EFA ratio of either 5:1 or 8:1 (LA : ALA). Furthermore, oxylipin profiles in supernatants of T cells from three life stages, namely fetal (derived from umbilical cord blood), adults and seniors, treated with the 5:1 EFA ratio were determined. The extracellular oxylipin profiles were affected more by the EFA ratio than mitogen stimulation such that n-3 PUFA-derived oxylipin concentrations were higher with the 5:1 EFA ratio than the 8:1 ratio, possibly due to PUFA precursor competition for lipoxygenases. 47 oxylipin species were measured in all cell culture supernatants. Extracellular oxylipin concentrations were generally higher for fetal T cells than for T cells from adult and senior donors, although the composition of oxylipins was similar across the life stages. The contribution of oxylipins towards an immunological phenotype might be due to the capacity of T cells to synthesize oxylipins rather than the nature of the oxylipins produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna von Gerichten
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Annette L. West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola A. Irvine
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Graham C. Burdge
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara A. Fielding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
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9
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West AL, von Gerichten J, Irvine NA, Miles EA, Lillycrop KA, Calder PC, Fielding BA, Burdge GC. Fatty acid composition and metabolic partitioning of α-linolenic acid are contingent on life stage in human CD3 + T lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1079642. [PMID: 36582247 PMCID: PMC9792684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune function changes across the life course; the fetal immune system is characterised by tolerance while that of seniors is less able to respond effectively to antigens and is more pro-inflammatory than in younger adults. Lipids are involved centrally in immune function but there is limited information about how T cell lipid metabolism changes during the life course. Methods and Results We investigated whether life stage alters fatty acid composition, lipid droplet content and α-linolenic acid (18:3ω-3) metabolism in human fetal CD3+ T lymphocytes and in CD3+ T lymphocytes from adults (median 41 years) and seniors (median 70 years). Quiescent fetal T cells had higher saturated (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents than adults or seniors. Activation-induced changes in fatty acid composition differed between life stages. The principal metabolic fates of [13C]18:3ω-3 were constitutive hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid synthesis and β-oxidation and carbon recycling into SFA and MUFA. These processes declined progressively across the life course. Longer chain ω-3 PUFA synthesis was a relatively minor metabolic fate of 18:3ω-3 at all life stages. Fetal and adult T lymphocytes had similar lipid droplet contents, which were lower than in T cells from seniors. Variation in the lipid droplet content of adult T cells accounted for 62% of the variation in mitogen-induced CD69 expression, but there was no significant relationship in fetal cells or lymphocytes from seniors. Discussion Together these findings show that fatty acid metabolism in human T lymphocytes changes across the life course in a manner that may facilitate the adaptation of immune function to different life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette L. West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna von Gerichten
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola A. Irvine
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara A. Fielding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Graham C. Burdge
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Graham C. Burdge,
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10
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Fisk HL, Childs CE, Miles EA, Ayres R, Noakes PS, Paras-Chavez C, Antoun E, Lillycrop KA, Calder PC. Dysregulation of Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue Inflammatory Environment Modelling in Non-Insulin Resistant Obesity and Responses to Omega-3 Fatty Acids – A Double Blind, Randomised Clinical Trial. Front Immunol 2022; 13:922654. [PMID: 35958557 PMCID: PMC9358040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.922654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with enhanced lipid accumulation and the expansion of adipose tissue accompanied by hypoxia and inflammatory signalling. Investigation in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) in people living with obesity in which metabolic complications such as insulin resistance are yet to manifest is limited, and the mechanisms by which these processes are dysregulated are not well elucidated. Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) have been shown to modulate the expression of genes associated with lipid accumulation and collagen deposition and reduce the number of inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue from individuals with insulin resistance. Therefore, these lipids may have positive actions on obesity associated scWAT hypertrophy and inflammation. Methods To evaluate obesity-associated tissue remodelling and responses to LC n-3 PUFAs, abdominal scWAT biopsies were collected from normal weight individuals and those living with obesity prior to and following 12-week intervention with marine LC n-3 PUFAs (1.1 g EPA + 0.8 g DHA daily). RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and histochemical staining were used to assess remodelling- and inflammatory-associated gene expression, tissue morphology and macrophage infiltration. Results Obesity was associated with scWAT hypertrophy (P < 0.001), hypoxia, remodelling, and inflammatory macrophage infiltration (P = 0.023). Furthermore, we highlight the novel dysregulation of Wnt signalling in scWAT in non-insulin resistant obesity. LC n-3 PUFAs beneficially modulated the scWAT environment through downregulating the expression of genes associated with inflammatory and remodelling pathways (P <0.001), but there were altered outcomes in individuals living with obesity in comparison to normal weight individuals. Conclusion Our data identify dysregulation of Wnt signalling, hypoxia, and hypertrophy, and enhanced macrophage infiltration in scWAT in non-insulin resistant obesity. LC n-3 PUFAs modulate some of these processes, especially in normal weight individuals which may be preventative and limit the development of restrictive and inflammatory scWAT in the development of obesity. We conclude that a higher dose or longer duration of LC n-3 PUFA intervention may be needed to reduce obesity-associated scWAT inflammation and promote tissue homeostasis. Clinical Trial Registration www.isrctn.com, identifier ISRCTN96712688.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena L Fisk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline E Childs
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Miles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Ayres
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S Noakes
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Freemantle, WA, Australia
| | | | - Elie Antoun
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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11
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Antoun E, Titcombe P, Dalrymple K, Kitaba NT, Barton SJ, Flynn A, Murray R, Garratt ES, Seed PT, White SL, Cooper C, Inskip HM, Hanson M, Poston L, Godfrey KM, Lillycrop KA. DNA methylation signatures in cord blood associated with birthweight are enriched for dmCpGs previously associated with maternal hypertension or pre-eclampsia, smoking and folic acid intake. Epigenetics 2022; 17:405-421. [PMID: 33784941 PMCID: PMC8993070 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1908706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies have linked low birthweight to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in later life, with epigenetic proceseses suggested as an underlying mechanism. Here, we sought to identify neonatal methylation changes associated with birthweight, at the individual CpG and genomic regional level, and whether the birthweight-associated methylation signatures were associated with specific maternal factors. Using the Illumina Human Methylation EPIC array, we assessed DNA methylation in the cord blood of 557 and 483 infants from the UK Pregnancies Better Eating and Activity Trial and Southampton Women's Survey, respectively. Adjusting for gestational age and other covariates, an epigenome-wide association study identified 2911 (FDR≤0.05) and 236 (Bonferroni corrected p ≤ 6.45×10-8) differentially methylated CpGs (dmCpGs), and 1230 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) (Stouffer ≤0.05) associated with birthweight. The top birthweight-associated dmCpG was located within the Homeobox Telomere-Binding Protein 1 (HMBOX1) gene with a 195 g (95%CI: -241, -149 g) decrease in birthweight per 10% increase in methylation, while the top DMR was located within the promoter of corticotropin-releasing hormone-binding protein (CRHBP). Furthermore, the birthweight-related dmCpGs were enriched for dmCpGs previously associated with gestational hypertension/pre-eclampsia (14.51%, p = 1.37×10-255), maternal smoking (7.71%, p = 1.50 x 10-57) and maternal plasma folate levels during pregnancy (0.33%, p = 0.029). The identification of birthweight-associated methylation markers, particularly those connected to specific pregnancy complications and exposures, may provide insights into the developmental pathways that affect birthweight and suggest surrogate markers to identify adverse prenatal exposures for stratifying for individuals at risk of later NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Antoun
- Human Development and health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - P Titcombe
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - K Dalrymple
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - NT Kitaba
- Human Development and health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - SJ Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ac Flynn
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - R Murray
- Human Development and health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - ES Garratt
- Human Development and health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - PT Seed
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - SL White
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR, NIHR Southampton BiomedGical Research Centre, Southampton
| | - H M Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Hanson
- Human Development and health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - L Poston
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - KM Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR, NIHR Southampton BiomedGical Research Centre, Southampton
| | - KA Lillycrop
- NIHR, NIHR Southampton BiomedGical Research Centre, Southampton
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - UPBEAT Consortium/EpiGen Consortium
- Human Development and health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR, NIHR Southampton BiomedGical Research Centre, Southampton
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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12
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van Weelden W, Seed PT, Antoun E, Godfrey KM, Kitaba NT, Lillycrop KA, Dalrymple KV, Sobczyńska-Malefora A, Painter RC, Poston L, White SL, Flynn AC. Folate and vitamin B12 status: associations with maternal glucose and neonatal DNA methylation sites related to dysglycaemia, in pregnant women with obesity. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2022; 13:168-176. [PMID: 33972006 PMCID: PMC7612506 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174421000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies implicate maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in differential methylation of infant DNA. Folate and vitamin B12 play a role in DNA methylation, and these vitamins may also influence GDM risk. The aims of this study were to determine folate and vitamin B12 status in obese pregnant women and investigate associations between folate and vitamin B12 status, maternal dysglycaemia and neonatal DNA methylation at cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites previously observed to be associated with dysglycaemia. Obese pregnant women who participated in the UK Pregnancies Better Eating and Activity Trial were included. Serum folate and vitamin B12 were measured at the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) visit. Cord blood DNA methylation was assessed using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Regression models with adjustment for confounders were used to examine associations. Of the 951 women included, 356 (37.4%) were vitamin B12 deficient, and 44 (4.6%) were folate deficient. Two-hundred and seventy-one women (28%) developed GDM. Folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were not associated with neonatal DNA methylation. Higher folate was positively associated with 1-h plasma glucose after OGTT (β = 0.031, 95% CI 0.001-0.061, p = 0.045). There was no relationship between vitamin B12 and glucose concentrations post OGTT or between folate or vitamin B12 and GDM. In summary, we found no evidence to link folate and vitamin B12 status with the differential methylation of neonatal DNA previously observed in association with dysglycaemia. We add to the evidence that folate status may be related to maternal glucose homoeostasis although replication in other maternal cohorts is required for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenneke van Weelden
- Amsterdam University Medical Center – location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul T. Seed
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London
| | - Elie Antoun
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Negusse T. Kitaba
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kathryn V. Dalrymple
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London
| | - Agata Sobczyńska-Malefora
- Nutristasis Unit, Viapath, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca C. Painter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucilla Poston
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London
| | - Sara L. White
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London
| | - Angela C. Flynn
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London
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Fisk HL, Childs CE, Miles EA, Ayres R, Noakes PS, Paras-Chavez C, Kuda O, Kopecký J, Antoun E, Lillycrop KA, Calder PC. Modification of subcutaneous white adipose tissue inflammation by omega-3 fatty acids is limited in human obesity-a double blind, randomised clinical trial. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103909. [PMID: 35247847 PMCID: PMC8894262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with enhanced inflammation. However, investigation in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is limited and the mechanisms by which inflammation occurs have not been well elucidated. Marine long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory actions and may reduce scWAT inflammation. Methods Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) biopsies were collected from individuals living with obesity (n=45) and normal weight individuals (n=39) prior to and following a 12-week intervention with either 3 g/day of a fish oil concentrate (providing 1.1 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 0.8 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) or 3 g/day of corn oil. ScWAT fatty acid, oxylipin, and transcriptome profiles were assessed by gas chromatography, ultra-pure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR, respectively. Findings Obesity was associated with greater scWAT inflammation demonstrated by lower concentrations of specialised pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and hydroxy-DHA metabolites and an altered transcriptome with differential expression of genes involved in LC n-3 PUFA activation, oxylipin synthesis, inflammation, and immune response. Intervention with LC n-3 PUFAs increased their respective metabolites including the SPM precursor 14-hydroxy-DHA in normal weight individuals and decreased arachidonic acid derived metabolites and expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory response with a greater effect in normal weight individuals. Interpretation Downregulated expression of genes responsible for fatty acid activation and metabolism may contribute to an inflammatory oxylipin profile and limit the effects of LC n-3 PUFAs in obesity. There may be a need for personalised LC n-3 PUFA supplementation based on obesity status. Funding European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (Grant Number 244995) and Czech Academy of Sciences (Lumina quaeruntur LQ200111901).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena L Fisk
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
| | - Caroline E Childs
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Ayres
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S Noakes
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; Medical School, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Carolina Paras-Chavez
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecký
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elie Antoun
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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14
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Antoun E, Garratt ES, Taddei A, Burton MA, Barton SJ, Titcombe P, Westbury LD, Baczynska A, Migliavacca E, Feige JN, Sydall HE, Dennison E, Dodds R, Roberts HC, Richardson P, Sayer AA, Shaw S, Cooper C, Holbrook JD, Patel HP, Godfrey KM, Lillycrop KA. Epigenome-wide association study of sarcopenia: findings from the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study (HSS). J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:240-253. [PMID: 34862756 PMCID: PMC8818655 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. Epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation, which integrate both genetic and environmental exposures, have been suggested to contribute to the development of sarcopenia. This study aimed to determine whether differences in the muscle methylome are associated with sarcopenia and its component measures: grip strength, appendicular lean mass index (ALMi), and gait speed. METHODS Using the Infinium Human MethylationEPIC BeadChip, we measured DNA methylation in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies of 83 male participants (12 with sarcopenia) with a mean (standard deviation) age of 75.7 (3.6) years from the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study (HSS) and Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study extension (HSSe) and examined associations with sarcopenia and its components. Pathway, histone mark, and transcription factor enrichment of the differentially methylated CpGs (dmCpGs) were determined, and sodium bisulfite pyrosequencing was used to validate the sarcopenia-associated dmCpGs. Human primary myoblasts (n = 6) isolated from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from male individuals from HSSe were treated with the EZH2 inhibitor GSK343 to assess how perturbations in epigenetic processes may impact myoblast differentiation and fusion, measured by PAX7 and MYHC immunocytochemistry, and mitochondrial bioenergetics determined using the Seahorse XF96. RESULTS Sarcopenia was associated with differential methylation at 176 dmCpGs (false discovery rate ≤ 0.05) and 141 differentially methylated regions (Stouffer ≤ 0.05). The sarcopenia-associated dmCpGs were enriched in genes associated with myotube fusion (P = 1.40E-03), oxidative phosphorylation (P = 2.78E-02), and voltage-gated calcium channels (P = 1.59E-04). ALMi was associated with 71 dmCpGs, grip strength with 49 dmCpGs, and gait speed with 23 dmCpGs (false discovery rate ≤ 0.05). There was significant overlap between the dmCpGs associated with sarcopenia and ALMi (P = 3.4E-35), sarcopenia and gait speed (P = 4.78E-03), and sarcopenia and grip strength (P = 7.55E-06). There was also an over-representation of the sarcopenia, ALMi, grip strength, and gait speed-associated dmCpGs with sites of H3K27 trimethylation (all P ≤ 0.05) and amongst EZH2 target genes (all P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, treatment of human primary myoblasts with the EZH2 inhibitor GSK343 inhibitor led to an increase in PAX7 expression (P ≤ 0.05), decreased myotube fusion (P = 0.043), and an increase in ATP production (P = 0.008), with alterations in the DNA methylation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and myogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that differences in the muscle methylome are associated with sarcopenia and individual measures of muscle mass, strength, and function in older individuals. This suggests that changes in the epigenetic regulation of genes may contribute to impaired muscle function in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Antoun
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Emma S. Garratt
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | | | - Mark A. Burton
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Sheila J. Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Phil Titcombe
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Leo D. Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Alicia Baczynska
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | | | | | - Holly E. Sydall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Elaine Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Richard Dodds
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Helen C. Roberts
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | | | - Avan A. Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Sarah Shaw
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | | | - Harnish P. Patel
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
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15
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Antoun E, Issarapu P, di Gravio C, Shrestha S, Betts M, Saffari A, Sahariah SA, Sankareswaran A, Arumalla M, Prentice AM, Fall CHD, Silver MJ, Chandak GR, Lillycrop KA. DNA methylation signatures associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children from India and The Gambia: results from the EMPHASIS study. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:6. [PMID: 35000590 PMCID: PMC8744249 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is rising globally, with environmentally induced epigenetic changes suggested to play a role. Few studies have investigated epigenetic associations with CMD risk factors in children from low- and middle-income countries. We sought to identify associations between DNA methylation (DNAm) and CMD risk factors in children from India and The Gambia. RESULTS Using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation 850 K Beadchip array, we interrogated DNAm in 293 Gambian (7-9 years) and 698 Indian (5-7 years) children. We identified differentially methylated CpGs (dmCpGs) associated with systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, triglycerides and LDL-Cholesterol in the Gambian children; and with insulin sensitivity, insulinogenic index and HDL-Cholesterol in the Indian children. There was no overlap of the dmCpGs between the cohorts. Meta-analysis identified dmCpGs associated with insulin secretion and pulse pressure that were different from cohort-specific dmCpGs. Several differentially methylated regions were associated with diastolic blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose, but these did not overlap with the dmCpGs. We identified significant cis-methQTLs at three LDL-Cholesterol-associated dmCpGs in Gambians; however, methylation did not mediate genotype effects on the CMD outcomes. CONCLUSION This study identified cardiometabolic biomarkers associated with differential DNAm in Indian and Gambian children. Most associations were cohort specific, potentially reflecting environmental and ethnic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Antoun
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Prachand Issarapu
- Genomic Research On Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Chiara di Gravio
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Smeeta Shrestha
- Genomic Research On Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Modupeh Betts
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Ayden Saffari
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Alagu Sankareswaran
- Genomic Research On Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manisha Arumalla
- Genomic Research On Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Caroline H D Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matt J Silver
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research On Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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16
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von Gerichten J, West AL, Irvine NA, Miles EA, Calder PC, Lillycrop KA, Fielding BA, Burdge GC. The Partitioning of Newly Assimilated Linoleic and α-Linolenic Acids Between Synthesis of Longer-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Hydroxyoctadecaenoic Acids Is a Putative Branch Point in T-Cell Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740749. [PMID: 34675928 PMCID: PMC8523940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) ≥20 carbons long are required for leukocyte function. These can be obtained from the diet, but there is some evidence that leukocytes can convert essential fatty acids (EFAs) into LCPUFAs. We used stable isotope tracers to investigate LCPUFA biosynthesis and the effect of different EFA substrate ratios in human T lymphocytes. CD3+ T cells were incubated for up to 48 h with or without concanavalin A in media containing a 18:2n-6:18:3n-3 (EFA) ratio of either 5:1 or 8:1 and [13C]18:3n-3 plus [d5]18:2n-6. Mitogen stimulation increased the amounts of 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, 20:3n-6, 20:4n-6, 18:3n-3, and 20:5n-3 in T cells. Expression of the activation marker CD69 preceded increased FADS2 and FADS1 mRNA expression and increased amounts of [d5]20:2n-6 and [13C]20:3n-3 at 48 h. In addition, 22-carbon n-6 or n-3 LCPUFA synthesis was not detected, consistent with the absence of ELOVL2 expression. An EFA ratio of 8:1 reduced 18:3n-3 conversion and enhanced 20:2n-6 synthesis compared to a 5:1 ratio. Here, [d5]9- and [d5]-13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic (HODE) and [13C]9- and [13C]13-hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acids (HOTrE) were the major labelled oxylipins in culture supernatants; labelled oxylipins ≥20 carbons were not detected. An EFA ratio of 8:1 suppressed 9- and 13-HOTrE synthesis, but there was no significant effect on 9- and 13-HODE synthesis. These findings suggest that partitioning of newly assimilated EFA between LCPUFA synthesis and hydroxyoctadecaenoic acid may be a metabolic branch point in T-cell EFA metabolism that has implications for understanding the effects of dietary fats on T lymphocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna von Gerichten
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Annette L West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola A Irvine
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara A Fielding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Graham C Burdge
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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17
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West AL, Miles EA, Han L, Lillycrop KA, Napier JA, Calder PC, Burdge GC. Dietary Supplementation with Transgenic Camelina sativa Oil Containing 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 or Fish Oil Induces Differential Changes in the Transcriptome of CD3 + T Lymphocytes. Nutrients 2021; 13:3116. [PMID: 34578993 PMCID: PMC8466821 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) are important for leukocyte function. This study investigated whether consuming transgenic Camelina sativa (tCSO) seed oil containing both 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 is as effective as fish oil (FO) for increasing the 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 content of leukocytes and altering mitogen-induced changes to the T cell transcriptome. Healthy adults (n = 31) consumed 450 mg/day of 20:5n-3 plus 22:6n-3 from either FO or tCSO for 8 weeks. Blood was collected before and after the intervention. 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 incorporation from tCSO into immune cell total lipids was comparable to FO. The relative expression of the transcriptomes of mitogen-stimulated versus unstimulated T lymphocytes in a subgroup of 16 women/test oil showed 4390 transcripts were differentially expressed at Baseline (59% up-regulated), 4769 (57% up-regulated) after FO and 3443 (38% up-regulated) after tCSO supplementation. The 20 most altered transcripts after supplementation differed between test oils. The most altered pathways were associated with cell proliferation and immune function. In conclusion, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 incorporation into immune cells from tCSO was comparable to FO and can modify mitogen-induced changes in the T cell transcriptome, contingent on the lipid matrix of the oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette L. West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (A.L.W.); (E.A.M.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (A.L.W.); (E.A.M.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Lihua Han
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK; (L.H.); (J.A.N.)
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
| | - Johnathan A. Napier
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK; (L.H.); (J.A.N.)
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (A.L.W.); (E.A.M.); (P.C.C.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Graham C. Burdge
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (A.L.W.); (E.A.M.); (P.C.C.)
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18
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Penailillo RS, Eckert JJ, Burton MA, Burdge GC, Fleming TP, Lillycrop KA. High maternal folic acid intake around conception alters mouse blastocyst lineage allocation and expression of key developmental regulatory genes. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:261-273. [PMID: 33719134 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Folate, a cofactor for the supply of one-carbon groups, is required by epigenetic processes to regulate cell lineage determination during development. The intake of folic acid (FA), the synthetic form of folate, has increased significantly over the past decade, but the effects of high periconceptional FA intake on cell lineage determination in the early embryo remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of maternal high FA (HFA) intake on blastocyst development and expression of key regulatory genes. C57BL/6 adult female mice were fed either Control diet (1 mg FA) for 4 weeks before conception and during the preimplantation period (Con-Con); Control diet for 4 weeks preconception, followed by HFA (5 mg FA) diet during preimplantation (Con-HFA); or HFA diet for 4 weeks preconception and during preimplantation (HFA-HFA). At E3.5, blastocyst cell number, protein, and mRNA expression were measured. In HFA-HFA blastocysts, trophectoderm cell numbers and expression of CDX2, Oct-4, and Nanog were reduced compared with Con-Con blastocysts; Con-HFA blastocysts showed lower CDX2 and Oct-4 expression than Con-Con blastocysts. These findings suggest periconceptional HFA intake induces changes in key regulators of embryo morphogenesis with potential implications for subsequent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Penailillo
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J J Eckert
- School of Human Health and Development, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M A Burton
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G C Burdge
- School of Human Health and Development, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - T P Fleming
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - K A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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19
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Robinson N, Brown H, Antoun E, Godfrey KM, Hanson MA, Lillycrop KA, Crozier SR, Murray R, Pearce MS, Relton CL, Albani V, McKay JA. Childhood DNA methylation as a marker of early life rapid weight gain and subsequent overweight. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:8. [PMID: 33436068 PMCID: PMC7805168 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High early postnatal weight gain has been associated with childhood adiposity; however, the mechanism remains unknown. DNA methylation is a hypothesised mechanism linking early life exposures and subsequent disease. However, epigenetic changes associated with high early weight gain have not previously been investigated. Our aim was to investigate the associations between early weight gain, peripheral blood DNA methylation, and subsequent overweight/obese. Data from the UK Avon Longitudinal study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort were used to estimate associations between early postnatal weight gain and epigenome-wide DNA CpG site methylation (Illumina 450 K Methylation Beadchip) in blood in childhood (n = 125) and late adolescence (n = 96). High weight gain in the first year (a change in weight z-scores > 0.67), both unconditional (rapid weight gain) and conditional on birthweight (rapid thrive), was related to individual CpG site methylation and across regions using the meffil pipeline, with and without adjustment for cell type proportions, and with 5% false discovery rate correction. Variation in methylation at high weight gain-associated CpG sites was then examined with regard to body composition measures in childhood and adolescence. Replication of the differentially methylated CpG sites was sought using whole-blood DNA samples from 104 children from the UK Southampton Women's Survey. RESULTS Rapid infant weight gain was associated with small (+ 1% change) increases in childhood methylation (age 7) for two distinct CpG sites (cg01379158 (NT5M) and cg11531579 (CHFR)). Childhood methylation at one of these CpGs (cg11531579) was also higher in those who experienced rapid weight gain and were subsequently overweight/obese in adolescence (age 17). Rapid weight gain was not associated with differential DNA methylation in adolescence. Childhood methylation at the cg11531579 site was also suggestively associated with rapid weight gain in the replication cohort. CONCLUSIONS This study identified associations between rapid weight gain in infancy and small increases in childhood methylation at two CpG sites, one of which was replicated and was also associated with subsequent overweight/obese. It will be important to determine whether loci are markers of early rapid weight gain across different, larger populations. The mechanistic relevance of these differentially methylated sites requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Robinson
- Population Health Sciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - H Brown
- Population Health Sciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elie Antoun
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Biological Sciences and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark A Hanson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Biological Sciences and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Biological Sciences and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sarah R Crozier
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Robert Murray
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Biological Sciences and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M S Pearce
- Population Health Sciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - C L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - V Albani
- Population Health Sciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J A McKay
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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West AL, Michaelson LV, Miles EA, Haslam RP, Lillycrop KA, Georgescu R, Han L, Napier JA, Calder PC, Burdge GC. Lipidomic Analysis of Plasma from Healthy Men and Women Shows Phospholipid Class and Molecular Species Differences between Sexes. Lipids 2020; 56:229-242. [PMID: 33284478 PMCID: PMC8048887 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipid composition of lipoproteins is determined by the specificity of hepatic phospholipid biosynthesis. Plasma phospholipid 20:4n‐6 and 22:6n‐3 concentrations are higher in women than in men. We used this sex difference in a lipidomics analysis of the impact of endocrine factors on the phospholipid class and molecular species composition of fasting plasma from young men and women. Diester species predominated in all lipid classes measured. 20/54 Phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) species were alkyl ester, 15/48 phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) species were alkyl ester, and 12/48 PtdEtn species were alkenyl ester. There were no significant differences between sexes in the proportions of alkyl PtdCho species. The proportion of alkyl ester PtdEtn species was greater in women than men, while the proportion of alkenyl ester PtdEtn species was greater in men than women. None of the phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) or phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) molecular species contained ether‐linked fatty acids. The proportion of PtdCho16:0_22:6, and the proportions of PtdEtn O‐16:0_20:4 and PtdEtn O‐18:2_20:4 were greater in women than men. There were no sex differences in PtdIns and PtdSer molecular species compositions. These findings show that plasma phospholipids can be modified by sex. Such differences in lipoprotein phospholipid composition could contribute to sexual dimorphism in patterns of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette L West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Louise V Michaelson
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Richard P Haslam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ramona Georgescu
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Lihua Han
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Johnathan A Napier
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Graham C Burdge
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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21
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West AL, Miles EA, Lillycrop KA, Han L, Napier JA, Calder PC, Burdge GC. Dietary supplementation with seed oil from transgenic Camelina sativa induces similar increments in plasma and erythrocyte DHA and EPA to fish oil in healthy humans. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:922-930. [PMID: 32513312 PMCID: PMC7547888 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
EPA and DHA are required for normal cell function and can also induce health benefits. Oily fish are the main source of EPA and DHA for human consumption. However, food choices and concerns about the sustainability of marine fish stocks limit the effectiveness of dietary recommendations for EPA + DHA intakes. Seed oils from transgenic plants that contain EPA + DHA are a potential alternative source of EPA and DHA. The present study investigated whether dietary supplementation with transgenic Camelina sativa seed oil (CSO) that contained EPA and DHA was as effective as fish oil (FO) in increasing EPA and DHA concentrations when consumed as a dietary supplement in a blinded crossover study. Healthy men and women (n 31; age 53 (range 20-74) years) were randomised to consume 450 mg/d EPA + DHA provided either as either CSO or FO for 8 weeks, followed by 6 weeks washout and then switched to consuming the other test oil. Fasting venous blood samples were collected at the start and end of each supplementation period. Consuming the test oils significantly (P < 0·05) increased EPA and DHA concentrations in plasma TAG, phosphatidylcholine and cholesteryl esters. There were no significant differences between test oils in the increments of EPA and DHA. There was no significant difference between test oils in the increase in the proportion of erythrocyte EPA + DHA (CSO, 12 %; P < 0·0001 and FO, 8 %; P = 0·02). Together, these findings show that consuming CSO is as effective as FO for increasing EPA and DHA concentrations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette L. West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO16 6YD, UK
| | - Elizabeth A. Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO16 6YD, UK
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Lihua Han
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, HarpendenAL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO16 6YD, UK
| | - Graham C. Burdge
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO16 6YD, UK
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22
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Antoun E, Kitaba NT, Titcombe P, Dalrymple KV, Garratt ES, Barton SJ, Murray R, Seed PT, Holbrook JD, Kobor MS, Lin DTS, MacIsaac JL, Burdge GC, White SL, Poston L, Godfrey KM, Lillycrop KA. Maternal dysglycaemia, changes in the infant's epigenome modified with a diet and physical activity intervention in pregnancy: Secondary analysis of a randomised control trial. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003229. [PMID: 33151971 PMCID: PMC7643947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher maternal plasma glucose (PG) concentrations, even below gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) thresholds, are associated with adverse offspring outcomes, with DNA methylation proposed as a mediating mechanism. Here, we examined the relationships between maternal dysglycaemia at 24 to 28 weeks' gestation and DNA methylation in neonates and whether a dietary and physical activity intervention in pregnant women with obesity modified the methylation signatures associated with maternal dysglycaemia. METHODS AND FINDINGS We investigated 557 women, recruited between 2009 and 2014 from the UK Pregnancies Better Eating and Activity Trial (UPBEAT), a randomised controlled trial (RCT), of a lifestyle intervention (low glycaemic index (GI) diet plus physical activity) in pregnant women with obesity (294 contol, 263 intervention). Between 27 and 28 weeks of pregnancy, participants had an oral glucose (75 g) tolerance test (OGTT), and GDM diagnosis was based on diagnostic criteria recommended by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG), with 159 women having a diagnosis of GDM. Cord blood DNA samples from the infants were interrogated for genome-wide DNA methylation levels using the Infinium Human MethylationEPIC BeadChip array. Robust regression was carried out, adjusting for maternal age, smoking, parity, ethnicity, neonate sex, and predicted cell-type composition. Maternal GDM, fasting glucose, 1-h, and 2-h glucose concentrations following an OGTT were associated with 242, 1, 592, and 17 differentially methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (dmCpG) sites (false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05), respectively, in the infant's cord blood DNA. The most significantly GDM-associated CpG was cg03566881 located within the leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 6 (LGR6) (FDR = 0.0002). Moreover, we show that the GDM and 1-h glucose-associated methylation signatures in the cord blood of the infant appeared to be attenuated by the dietary and physical activity intervention during pregnancy; in the intervention arm, there were no GDM and two 1-h glucose-associated dmCpGs, whereas in the standard care arm, there were 41 GDM and 160 1-h glucose-associated dmCpGs. A total of 87% of the GDM and 77% of the 1-h glucose-associated dmCpGs had smaller effect sizes in the intervention compared to the standard care arm; the adjusted r2 for the association of LGR6 cg03566881 with GDM was 0.317 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.012, 0.022) in the standard care and 0.240 (95% CI 0.001, 0.015) in the intervention arm. Limitations included measurement of DNA methylation in cord blood, where the functional significance of such changes are unclear, and because of the strong collinearity between treatment modality and severity of hyperglycaemia, we cannot exclude that treatment-related differences are potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Maternal dysglycaemia was associated with significant changes in the epigenome of the infants. Moreover, we found that the epigenetic impact of a dysglycaemic prenatal maternal environment appeared to be modified by a lifestyle intervention in pregnancy. Further research will be needed to investigate possible medical implications of the findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN89971375.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Antoun
- Biological Sciences, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Negusse T. Kitaba
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Titcombe
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn V. Dalrymple
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma S. Garratt
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila J. Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Murray
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T. Seed
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna D. Holbrook
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S. Kobor
- BC Childrens Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David TS Lin
- BC Childrens Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Julia L. MacIsaac
- BC Childrens Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Graham C. Burdge
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sara L. White
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilla Poston
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Biological Sciences, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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23
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Saffari A, Shrestha S, Issarapu P, Sajjadi S, Betts M, Sahariah SA, Tomar AS, James P, Dedaniya A, Yadav DK, Kumaran K, Prentice AM, Lillycrop KA, Fall CHD, Chandak GR, Silver MJ. Effect of maternal preconceptional and pregnancy micronutrient interventions on children's DNA methylation: Findings from the EMPHASIS study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1099-1113. [PMID: 32889533 PMCID: PMC7528567 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal nutrition in pregnancy has been linked to offspring health in early and later life, with changes to DNA methylation (DNAm) proposed as a mediating mechanism. OBJECTIVE We investigated intervention-associated DNAm changes in children whose mothers participated in 2 randomized controlled trials of micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy, as part of the EMPHASIS (Epigenetic Mechanisms linking Preconceptional nutrition and Health Assessed in India and sub-Saharan Africa) study (ISRCTN14266771). DESIGN We conducted epigenome-wide association studies with blood samples from Indian (n = 698) and Gambian (n = 293) children using the Illumina EPIC array and a targeted study of selected loci not on the array. The Indian micronutrient intervention was food based, whereas the Gambian intervention was a micronutrient tablet. RESULTS We identified 6 differentially methylated CpGs in Gambians [2.5-5.0% reduction in intervention group, all false discovery rate (FDR) <5%], the majority mapping to ESM1, which also represented a strong signal in regional analysis. One CpG passed FDR <5% in the Indian cohort, but overall effect sizes were small (<1%) and did not have the characteristics of a robust signature. We also found strong evidence for enrichment of metastable epialleles among subthreshold signals in the Gambian analysis. This supports the notion that multiple methylation loci are influenced by micronutrient supplementation in the early embryo. CONCLUSIONS Maternal preconceptional and pregnancy micronutrient supplementation may alter DNAm in children measured at 7-9 y. Multiple factors, including differences between the nature of the intervention, participants, and settings, are likely to have contributed to the lack of replication in the Indian cohort. Potential links to phenotypic outcomes will be explored in the next stage of the EMPHASIS study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayden Saffari
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Smeeta Shrestha
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR–Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Prachand Issarapu
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR–Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sara Sajjadi
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR–Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Modupeh Betts
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | | | - Ashutosh Singh Tomar
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR–Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Philip James
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Akshay Dedaniya
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR–Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dilip K Yadav
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR–Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Physiology, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kalyanaraman Kumaran
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | | | - Caroline H D Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR–Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Matt J Silver
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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24
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West AL, Michaelson LV, Miles EA, Haslam RP, Lillycrop KA, Georgescu R, Han L, Sayanova O, Napier JA, Calder PC, Burdge GC. Differential postprandial incorporation of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 into individual plasma triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine molecular species in humans. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158710. [PMID: 32289503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which digested fat is absorbed and transported in the circulation are well documented. However, it is uncertain whether the molecular species composition of dietary fats influences the molecular species composition of meal-derived lipids in blood. This may be important because enzymes that remove meal-derived fatty acids from the circulation exhibit differential activities towards individual lipid molecular species. To determine the effect of consuming oils with different molecular compositions on the incorporation of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 into plasma lipid molecular species. Men and women (18-30 years) consumed standardised meals containing 20:5n-5 and 22:6n-3 (total 450 mg) provided by an oil from transgenic Camelina sativa (CSO) or a blended fish oil (BFO) which differed in the composition of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 - containing molecular species. Blood was collected during the subsequent 8 h. Samples were analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The molecular species composition of the test oils was distinct from the composition of plasma triacylglycerol (TG) or phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecular species at baseline and at 1.5 or 6 h after the meal. The rank order by concentration of both plasma PC and TG molecular species at baseline was maintained during the postprandial period. 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were incorporated preferentially into plasma PC compared to plasma TG. Together these findings suggest that the composition of dietary lipids undergoes extensive rearrangement after absorption, such that plasma TG and PC maintain their molecular species composition, which may facilitate lipase activities in blood and/or influence lipoprotein structural stability and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette L West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth A Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Richard P Haslam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ramona Georgescu
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Lihua Han
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Olga Sayanova
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Johnathan A Napier
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Graham C Burdge
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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25
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Pérez-Mojica JE, Lillycrop KA, Cooper C, Calder PC, Burdge GC. Docosahexaenoic acid and oleic acid induce altered DNA methylation of individual CpG loci in Jurkat T cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 158:102128. [PMID: 32464433 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and oleic acid (18:1n-9) can alter the DNA methylation of individual CpG loci in vivo and in vitro, although the targeting mechanism is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the targeting of altered methylation is associated with putative transcription factor response elements (pTREs) proximal to modified loci. Jurkat cells were treated with 22:6n-3 or 18:1n-9 (both 15 μM) for eight days and DNA methylation measured using the MethylationEPIC 850K array. 1596 CpG loci were altered significantly (508 hypermethylated) by 22:6n-3 and 563 CpG loci (294 hypermethylated) by 18:1n-9. 78 loci were modified by both fatty acids. Induced differential methylation was not modified by the PPARα antagonist GW6471. DNA sequences proximal to differentially methylated CpG loci were enriched in zinc-finger pTREs. These findings suggest that zinc-finger-containing transcription factors may be involved in targeting altered DNA methylation modifying processes induced by fatty acids to individual CpG loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eduardo Pérez-Mojica
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building (MP887), University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Science, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building (MP887), University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Graham C Burdge
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building (MP887), University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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26
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Migliavacca E, Tay SKH, Patel HP, Sonntag T, Civiletto G, McFarlane C, Forrester T, Barton SJ, Leow MK, Antoun E, Charpagne A, Seng Chong Y, Descombes P, Feng L, Francis-Emmanuel P, Garratt ES, Giner MP, Green CO, Karaz S, Kothandaraman N, Marquis J, Metairon S, Moco S, Nelson G, Ngo S, Pleasants T, Raymond F, Sayer AA, Ming Sim C, Slater-Jefferies J, Syddall HE, Fang Tan P, Titcombe P, Vaz C, Westbury LD, Wong G, Yonghui W, Cooper C, Sheppard A, Godfrey KM, Lillycrop KA, Karnani N, Feige JN. Mitochondrial oxidative capacity and NAD + biosynthesis are reduced in human sarcopenia across ethnicities. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5808. [PMID: 31862890 PMCID: PMC6925228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The causes of impaired skeletal muscle mass and strength during aging are well-studied in healthy populations. Less is known on pathological age-related muscle wasting and weakness termed sarcopenia, which directly impacts physical autonomy and survival. Here, we compare genome-wide transcriptional changes of sarcopenia versus age-matched controls in muscle biopsies from 119 older men from Singapore, Hertfordshire UK and Jamaica. Individuals with sarcopenia reproducibly demonstrate a prominent transcriptional signature of mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction in skeletal muscle, with low PGC-1α/ERRα signalling, and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial proteostasis genes. These changes translate functionally into fewer mitochondria, reduced mitochondrial respiratory complex expression and activity, and low NAD+ levels through perturbed NAD+ biosynthesis and salvage in sarcopenic muscle. We provide an integrated molecular profile of human sarcopenia across ethnicities, demonstrating a fundamental role of altered mitochondrial metabolism in the pathological loss of skeletal muscle mass and function in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stacey K H Tay
- KTP-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harnish P Patel
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, , University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Tanja Sonntag
- Nestle Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
- EPFL school of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Craig McFarlane
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Terence Forrester
- UWI Solutions for Developing Countries, UWI SODECO, University of West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Sheila J Barton
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Melvin K Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elie Antoun
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Aline Charpagne
- Nestle Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrice Francis-Emmanuel
- UWI Solutions for Developing Countries, UWI SODECO, University of West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Emma S Garratt
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Curtis O Green
- UWI Solutions for Developing Countries, UWI SODECO, University of West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Sonia Karaz
- Nestle Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Julien Marquis
- Nestle Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sofia Moco
- Nestle Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gail Nelson
- UWI Solutions for Developing Countries, UWI SODECO, University of West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Sherry Ngo
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tony Pleasants
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Avan A Sayer
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, , University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon-Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Chu Ming Sim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jo Slater-Jefferies
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Holly E Syddall
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Pei Fang Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philip Titcombe
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Candida Vaz
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leo D Westbury
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gerard Wong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wu Yonghui
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Allan Sheppard
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jerome N Feige
- Nestle Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- EPFL school of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Irvine NA, Ruyter B, Østbye TK, Sonesson AK, Lillycrop KA, Berge G, Burdge GC. Dietary Fish Oil Alters DNA Methylation of Genes Involved in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Muscle and Liver of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Lipids 2019; 54:725-739. [PMID: 31658496 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adequate dietary supply of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) is required to maintain health and growth of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). However, salmon can also convert α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) into eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) by sequential desaturation and elongation reactions, which can be modified by 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 intake. In mammals, dietary 20:5n-3 + 22:6n-3 intake can modify Fads2 expression (Δ6 desaturase) via altered DNA methylation of its promoter. Decreasing dietary fish oil (FO) has been shown to increase Δ5fad expression in salmon liver. However, it is not known whether this is associated with changes in the DNA methylation of genes involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis. To address this, we investigated whether changing the proportions of dietary FO and vegetable oil altered the DNA methylation of Δ6fad_b, Δ5fad, Elovl2, and Elovl5_b promoters in liver and muscle from Atlantic salmon and whether any changes were associated with mRNA expression. Higher dietary FO content increased the proportions of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 and decreased Δ6fad_b mRNA expression in liver, but there was no effect on Δ5fad, Elovl2, and Elovl5_b expression. There were significant differences between liver and skeletal muscle in the methylation of individual CpG loci in all four genes studied. Methylation of individual Δ6fad_b CpG loci was negatively related to its expression and to proportions of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in the liver. These findings suggest variations in dietary FO can induce gene-, CpG locus-, and tissue-related changes in DNA methylation in salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A Irvine
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), PO Box 210 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Tone-Kari Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), PO Box 210 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Anna K Sonesson
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), PO Box 210 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gerd Berge
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Sjølsengveien 22, 6600 Sunndalsøra, Norway
| | - Graham C Burdge
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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28
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Barton SJ, Melton PE, Titcombe P, Murray R, Rauschert S, Lillycrop KA, Huang RC, Holbrook JD, Godfrey KM. In Epigenomic Studies, Including Cell-Type Adjustments in Regression Models Can Introduce Multicollinearity, Resulting in Apparent Reversal of Direction of Association. Front Genet 2019; 10:816. [PMID: 31552104 PMCID: PMC6746958 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Association studies of epigenome-wide DNA methylation and disease can inform biological mechanisms. DNA methylation is often measured in peripheral blood, with heterogeneous cell types with different methylation profiles. Influences such as adiposity-associated inflammation can change cell-type proportions, altering measured blood methylation levels. To determine whether associations between loci-specific methylation and outcomes result from cellular heterogeneity, many studies adjust for estimated blood cell proportions, but high correlations between methylation and cell-type proportions could violate the statistical assumption of no multicollinearity. We examined these assumptions in a population-based study. Methods: CDKN2A promoter CpG methylation was measured in peripheral blood from 812 adolescents aged 17 years (Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study). Loge adolescent BMI was used as the outcome in a regression analysis with DNA methylation as predictor, adjusting for age/sex. Further regression analyses additionally adjusted for estimated cell-type proportions using the reference-based Houseman method, and simulations modeled the effects of varying levels of correlation between cell proportions and methylation. Correlations between estimated cell proportions and CpG methylation from Illumina 450K were measured. Results: Lower DNA methylation was associated with higher BMI when cell-type adjustment was not included; for CpG4, β = -0.004 logeBMI/%methylation (95% CI -0.0065, -0.001; p = 0.003). The direction of association reversed when adjustment for six cell types was made; for CpG4, β = 0.004 logeBMI/%methylation (-0.0002, 0.0089; p = 0.06). Correlations between CpG methylation and cell-type proportions were high, and variance inflation factors (VIFs) were extremely high (25 to 113.7). Granulocyte count was correlated with BMI, and removing granulocytes from the regression model reduced all VIFs to <3.1, with persistence of a positive association between methylation and BMI [CpG4 β = 0.004 logeBMI/%methylation (-0.0002, 0.0088; p = 0.06)]. Simulations supported major effects of multicollinearity on regression results. Conclusions: Where cell types are highly correlated with other covariates in regression models, the statistical assumption of no multicollinearity may be violated. This can result in reversal of direction of association, particularly when examining associations with phenotypes related to inflammation, as CpG methylation may associate with changes in cell-type proportions. Removing predictors with high correlations from regression models may remove the multicollinearity. However, this might hinder biological interpretability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila J Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip E Melton
- Curtin/UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Heath and Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Philip Titcombe
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Murray
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Rauschert
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rae-Chi Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joanna D Holbrook
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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29
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Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCD) such as type-2 diabetes and CVD are now highly prevalent in both developed and developing countries. Evidence from both human and animal studies shows that early-life nutrition is an important determinant of NCD risk in later life. The mechanism by which the early-life environment influences future disease risk has been suggested to include the altered epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Epigenetic processes regulate the accessibility of genes to the cellular proteins that control gene transcription, determining where and when a gene is switched on and its level of activity. Epigenetic processes not only play a central role in regulating gene expression but also allow an organism to adapt to the environment. In this review, we will focus on how both maternal and paternal nutrition can alter the epigenome and the evidence that these changes are causally involved in determining future disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Burton
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine,University of Southampton,Southampton,UK
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences,University of Southampton,Southampton,UK
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30
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Huang RC, Lillycrop KA, Beilin LJ, Godfrey KM, Anderson D, Mori TA, Rauschert S, Craig JM, Oddy WH, Ayonrinde OT, Pennell CE, Holbrook JD, Melton PE. Epigenetic Age Acceleration in Adolescence Associates With BMI, Inflammation, and Risk Score for Middle Age Cardiovascular Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:3012-3024. [PMID: 30785999 PMCID: PMC6555851 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT "Accelerated aging," assessed by adult DNA methylation, predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adolescent accelerated aging might predict CVD earlier. We investigated whether epigenetic age acceleration (assessed age, 17 years) was associated with adiposity/CVD risk measured (ages 17, 20, and 22 years) and projected CVD by middle age. DESIGN DNA methylation measured in peripheral blood provided two estimates of epigenetic age acceleration: intrinsic (IEAA; preserved across cell types) and extrinsic (EEAA; dependent on cell admixture and methylation levels within each cell type). Adiposity was assessed by anthropometry, ultrasound, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (ages 17, 20, and 22 years). CVD risk factors [lipids, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood pressure, inflammatory markers] were assessed at age 17 years. CVD development by age 47 years was calculated by Framingham algorithms. Results are presented as regression coefficients per 5-year epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA/EEAA) for adiposity, CVD risk factors, and CVD development. RESULTS In 995 participants (49.6% female; age, 17.3 ± 0.6 years), EEAA (per 5 years) was associated with increased body mass index (BMI) of 2.4% (95% CI, 1.2% to 3.6%) and 2.4% (0.8% to 3.9%) at 17 and 22 years, respectively. EEAA was associated with increases of 23% (3% to 33%) in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, 10% (4% to 17%) in interferon-γ-inducible protein of 10 kDa, and 4% (2% to 6%) in soluble TNF receptor 2, adjusted for BMI and HOMA-IR. EEAA (per 5 years) results in a 4% increase in hard endpoints of CVD by 47 years of age and a 3% increase, after adjustment for conventional risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Accelerated epigenetic age in adolescence was associated with inflammation, BMI measured 5 years later, and probability of middle age CVD. Irrespective of whether this is cause or effect, assessing epigenetic age might refine disease prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae-Chi Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Rae-Chi Huang, MBBS, FRACP, PhD, Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia. E-mail:
| | | | - Lawrence J Beilin
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Denise Anderson
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Sebastian Rauschert
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Environmental and Genetic Epidemiology Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wendy H Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Oyekoya T Ayonrinde
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Phillip E Melton
- Curtin/UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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31
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Lillycrop KA, Garratt ES, Titcombe P, Melton PE, Murray RJS, Barton SJ, Clarke-Harris R, Costello PM, Holbrook JD, Hopkins JC, Childs CE, Paras-Chavez C, Calder PC, Mori TA, Beilin L, Burdge GC, Gluckman PD, Inskip HM, Harvey NC, Hanson MA, Huang RC, Cooper C, Godfrey KM. Differential SLC6A4 methylation: a predictive epigenetic marker of adiposity from birth to adulthood. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:974-988. [PMID: 30622309 PMCID: PMC6522375 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early life environment may influence susceptibility to obesity and metabolic disease in later life through epigenetic processes. SLC6A4 is an important mediator of serotonin bioavailability, and has a key role in energy balance. We tested the hypothesis that methylation of the SLC6A4 gene predicts adiposity across the life course. METHODS DNA methylation at 5 CpGs within the SLC6A4 gene identified from a previous methyl binding domain array was measured by pyrosequencing. We measured DNA methylation in umbilical cord (UC) from children in the Southampton Women's Survey cohort (n = 680), in peripheral blood from adolescents in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study (n = 812), and in adipose tissue from lean and obese adults from the UK BIOCLAIMS cohort (n = 81). Real-time PCR was performed to assess whether there were corresponding alterations in gene expression in the adipose tissue. RESULTS Lower UC methylation of CpG5 was associated with higher total fat mass at 4 years (p = 0.031), total fat mass at 6-7 years (p = 0.0001) and % fat mass at 6-7 years (p = 0.004). Lower UC methylation of CpG5 was also associated with higher triceps skinfold thickness at birth (p = 0.013), 6 months (p = 0.038), 12 months (p = 0.062), 2 years (p = 0.0003), 3 years (p = 0.00004) and 6-7 years (p = 0.013). Higher maternal pregnancy weight gain (p = 0.046) and lower parity (p = 0.029) were both associated with lower SLC6A4 CpG5 methylation. In adolescents, lower methylation of CpG5 in peripheral blood was associated with greater concurrent measures of adiposity including BMI (p ≤ 0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.011), subcutaneous fat (p ≤ 0.001) and subscapular, abdominal and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses (p = 0.002, p = 0.008, p = 0.004, respectively). In adipose tissue, methylation of both SLC6A4 CpG5 (p = 0.019) and expression of SLC6A4 (p = 0.008) was lower in obese compared with lean adults. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that altered methylation of CpG loci within SLC6A4 may provide a robust marker of adiposity across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - Emma S Garratt
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip Titcombe
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Phillip E Melton
- Centre for Genetics of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert J S Murray
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sheila J Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rebecca Clarke-Harris
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Paula M Costello
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Joanna D Holbrook
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - James C Hopkins
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Caroline E Childs
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Carolina Paras-Chavez
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Trevor A Mori
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lawrie Beilin
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Graham C Burdge
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hazel M Inskip
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark A Hanson
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rae-Chi Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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32
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Barton SJ, Murray R, Lillycrop KA, Inskip HM, Harvey NC, Cooper C, Karnani N, Zolezzi IS, Sprenger N, Godfrey KM, Binia A. FUT2 Genetic Variants and Reported Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Illnesses During Infancy. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:836-843. [PMID: 30376117 PMCID: PMC6687504 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) controls the production of digestive and respiratory epithelia of histo-blood group antigens involved in the attachment of pathogens. The aim of our study was to relate FUT2 variants to reported gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses in infancy. METHODS In the Southampton Women's Survey, FUT2 genetic variants (single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] rs601338 and rs602662) were genotyped in 1831 infants and related to infant illnesses, after adjustment for sex, breastfeeding duration, and potential confounders. RESULTS For FUT2 SNP rs601338, the risk ratios for ≥1 bout of diarrhea during ages 6-12 months and ages 12-24 months per additional risk (G) allele were 1.23 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.4; P = .002) and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.24-1.61; P = 1.7 × 10-7), respectively; the risk ratio for ≥1 diagnosis of a lower respiratory illness (ie, pneumonia or bronchiolitis) during ages 12-24 months per additional G allele was 2.66 (95% CI, 1.64-4.3; P = .00007). Similar associations were found between rs602662 and gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses, owing to the high linkage disequilibrium with rs601338 (R2 = 0.92). Longer breastfeeding duration predicted a lower risk of diarrhea, independent of infant FUT2 genotype. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that FUT2 G alleles are associated with a higher risk of infant gastrointestinal illnesses and identified novel associations with respiratory illnesses. FUT2 locus variants need consideration in future studies of gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses among infants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Murray
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, UK SO16 6YD
| | - Hazel M Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | | | | | - Keith M. Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Aristea Binia
- Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Nestec S.A., Switzerland
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33
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Curtis EM, Krstic N, Cook E, D'Angelo S, Crozier SR, Moon RJ, Murray R, Garratt E, Costello P, Cleal J, Ashley B, Bishop NJ, Kennedy S, Papageorghiou AT, Schoenmakers I, Fraser R, Gandhi SV, Prentice A, Javaid MK, Inskip HM, Godfrey KM, Bell CG, Lillycrop KA, Cooper C, Harvey NC. Gestational Vitamin D Supplementation Leads to Reduced Perinatal RXRA DNA Methylation: Results From the MAVIDOS Trial. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:231-240. [PMID: 30321476 PMCID: PMC6372078 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated inverse associations between maternal 25(OH)-vitamin D status and perinatal DNA methylation at the retinoid-X-receptor-alpha (RXRA) locus and between RXRA methylation and offspring bone mass. In this study, we used an existing randomized trial to test the hypothesis that maternal gestational vitamin D supplementation would lead to reduced perinatal RXRA locus DNA methylation. The Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study (MAVIDOS) was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 1000 IU/day cholecalciferol or matched placebo from 14 weeks' gestation until delivery. Umbilical cord (fetal) tissue was collected at birth and frozen at -80°C (n = 453). Pyrosequencing was used to undertake DNA methylation analysis at 10 CpG sites within the RXRA locus (identified previously). T tests were used to assess differences between treatment groups in methylation at the three most representative CpG sites. Overall, methylation levels were significantly lower in the umbilical cord from offspring of cholecalciferol-supplemented mothers, reaching statistical significance at four CpG sites, represented by CpG5: mean difference in % methylation between the supplemented and placebo groups was -1.98% (95% CI, -3.65 to -0.32, p = 0.02). ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) evidence supports the functionality of this locus with strong DNase hypersensitivity and enhancer chromatin within biologically relevant cell types including osteoblasts. Enrichment of the enhancer-related H3K4me1 histone mark is also seen in this region, as are binding sites for a range of transcription factors with roles in cell proliferation, response to stress, and growth factors. Our findings are consistent with previous observational results and provide new evidence that maternal gestational supplementation with cholecalciferol leads to altered perinatal epigenetic marking, informing mechanistic understanding of early life mechanisms related to maternal vitamin D status, epigenetic marks, and bone development. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nevena Krstic
- Institute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonUK
| | - Eloïse Cook
- Institute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonUK
| | | | | | - Rebecca J Moon
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology UnitUniversity of SouthamptonUK
- Paediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Robert Murray
- Institute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonUK
| | - Emma Garratt
- Institute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonUK
| | - Paula Costello
- Institute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonUK
| | - Jane Cleal
- Institute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonUK
| | - Brogan Ashley
- Institute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonUK
| | - Nicholas J Bishop
- Academic Unit of Child HealthSheffield Children's HospitalUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Stephen Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Aris T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Inez Schoenmakers
- MRC Elsie Widdowson LaboratoryCambridgeUK
- Department of MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Robert Fraser
- Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust(University of Sheffield)SheffieldUK
| | - Saurabh V Gandhi
- Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust(University of Sheffield)SheffieldUK
| | | | - M Kassim Javaid
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Hazel M Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology UnitUniversity of SouthamptonUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology UnitUniversity of SouthamptonUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Christopher G Bell
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology UnitUniversity of SouthamptonUK
- Institute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonUK
| | | | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology UnitUniversity of SouthamptonUK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology UnitUniversity of SouthamptonUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
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Campanella G, Gunter MJ, Polidoro S, Krogh V, Palli D, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Fiorito G, Guarrera S, Iacoviello L, Bergdahl IA, Melin B, Lenner P, de Kok TMCM, Georgiadis P, Kleinjans JCS, Kyrtopoulos SA, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Lillycrop KA, May AM, Onland-Moret NC, Murray R, Riboli E, Verschuren M, Lund E, Mode N, Sandanger TM, Fiano V, Trevisan M, Matullo G, Froguel P, Elliott P, Vineis P, Chadeau-Hyam M. Epigenome-wide association study of adiposity and future risk of obesity-related diseases. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:2022-2035. [PMID: 29713043 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an established risk factor for several common chronic diseases such as breast and colorectal cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases; however, the biological basis for these relationships is not fully understood. To explore the association of obesity with these conditions, we investigated peripheral blood leucocyte (PBL) DNA methylation markers for adiposity and their contribution to risk of incident breast and colorectal cancer and myocardial infarction. METHODS DNA methylation profiles (Illumina Infinium® HumanMethylation450 BeadChip) from 1941 individuals from four population-based European cohorts were analysed in relation to body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip and waist-height ratio within a meta-analytical framework. In a subset of these individuals, data on genome-wide gene expression level, biomarkers of glucose and lipid metabolism were also available. Validation of methylation markers associated with all adiposity measures was performed in 358 individuals. Finally, we investigated the association of obesity-related methylation marks with breast, colorectal cancer and myocardial infarction within relevant subsets of the discovery population. RESULTS We identified 40 CpG loci with methylation levels associated with at least one adiposity measure. Of these, one CpG locus (cg06500161) in ABCG1 was associated with all four adiposity measures (P = 9.07×10-8 to 3.27×10-18) and lower transcriptional activity of the full-length isoform of ABCG1 (P = 6.00×10-7), higher triglyceride levels (P = 5.37×10-9) and higher triglycerides-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (P = 1.03×10-10). Of the 40 informative and obesity-related CpG loci, two (in IL2RB and FGF18) were significantly associated with colorectal cancer (inversely, P < 1.6×10-3) and one intergenic locus on chromosome 1 was inversely associated with myocardial infarction (P < 1.25×10-3), independently of obesity and established risk factors. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that epigenetic changes, in particular altered DNA methylation patterns, may be an intermediate biomarker at the intersection of obesity and obesity-related diseases, and could offer clues as to underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Campanella
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - Vittorio Krogh
- Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica (ISPO Toscana), Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Piedmont Reference Centre for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Turin, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "Civile-M.P. Arezzo", Ragusa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simonetta Guarrera
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Lenner
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Theo M C M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Panagiotis Georgiadis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Soterios A Kyrtopoulos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anne M May
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Murray
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Monique Verschuren
- Centre for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø (UiT)-The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nicolle Mode
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø (UiT)-The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkjel M Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø (UiT)-The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Valentina Fiano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Cancer Epidemiology-CERMS, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Morena Trevisan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Cancer Epidemiology-CERMS, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS UMR8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Lille University, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Price LR, Lillycrop KA, Irvine NA, Hanson MA, Burdge GC. Transcriptome-wide analysis suggests that temporal changes in the relative contributions of hyperplasia, hypertrophy and apoptosis underlie liver growth in pregnant mice. Biol Reprod 2018; 97:762-771. [PMID: 29091992 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal liver undergoes structural and metabolic changes during pregnancy to meet the demands of the developing fetus. In rodents, this involves increased liver weight, but the mechanism remains unclear. To address this, we analyzed the histology, gene expression, and DNA methylation of livers of nonpregnant and pregnant C57/BL6 mice. Gestational liver growth in pregnant mice was accompanied by increased hepatocyte area and lower cell density (days 14 and 18). Expression of cell proliferation markers was increased on days 14 and 18. A total of 115 genes were differentially expressed on day 14 and 123 genes on day 18 (79 on both days). Pathway analysis indicated that pregnancy involves progressive increase in cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. This was confirmed using archived data from the FVB wild-type mouse liver transcriptome. Four differentially DNA methylated and two differentially DNA hydroxymethylated regions identified on days 14 and 18 by methylome-wide analysis, but were not associated with altered gene expression. Long interspersed nuclear element-1 hypomethylation on days 14 and 18 was accompanied by increased ten-eleven translocase-2 and decreased DNA methyltransferase 3a and 3b expression. These findings suggest that gestational liver growth involves increased mitosis and hypertrophy, and decreased apoptosis contingent on pregnancy stage. Such changes may involve repetitive sequence, but not gene specific, DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie R Price
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicola A Irvine
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark A Hanson
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Graham C Burdge
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Sibbons CM, Irvine NA, Pérez-Mojica JE, Calder PC, Lillycrop KA, Fielding BA, Burdge GC. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Involving Δ8 Desaturation and Differential DNA Methylation of FADS2 Regulates Proliferation of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:432. [PMID: 29556240 PMCID: PMC5844933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important for immune function. Limited evidence indicates that immune cell activation involves endogenous PUFA synthesis, but this has not been characterised. To address this, we measured metabolism of 18:3n-3 in quiescent and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and in Jurkat T cell leukaemia. PBMCs from men and women (n = 34) were incubated with [1-13C]18:3n-3 with or without Concanavalin A (Con. A). 18:3n-3 conversion was undetectable in unstimulated PBMCs, but up-regulated when stimulated. The main products were 20:3n-3 and 20:4n-3, while 18:4n-3 was undetectable, suggesting initial elongation and Δ8 desaturation. PUFA synthesis was 17.4-fold greater in Jurkat cells than PBMCs. The major products of 18:3n-3 conversion in Jurkat cells were 20:4n-3, 20:5n-3, and 22:5n-3. 13C Enrichment of 18:4n-3 and 20:3n-3 suggests parallel initial elongation and Δ6 desaturation. The FADS2 inhibitor SC26196 reduced PBMC, but not Jurkat cell, proliferation suggesting PUFA synthesis is involved in regulating mitosis in PBMCs. Con. A stimulation increased FADS2, FADS1, ELOVL5 and ELOVL4 mRNA expression in PBMCs. A single transcript corresponding to the major isoform of FADS2, FADS20001, was detected in PBMCs and Jurkat cells. PBMC activation induced hypermethylation of a 470bp region in the FADS2 5'-regulatory sequence. This region was hypomethylated in Jurkat cells compared to quiescent PBMCs. These findings show that PUFA synthesis involving initial elongation and Δ8 desaturation is involved in regulating PBMC proliferation and is regulated via transcription possibly by altered DNA methylation. These processes were dysregulated in Jurkat cells. This has implications for understanding the regulation of mitosis in normal and transformed lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene M Sibbons
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola A Irvine
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - J Eduardo Pérez-Mojica
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara A Fielding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Graham C Burdge
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
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Hoile SP, Grenfell LR, Hanson MA, Lillycrop KA, Burdge GC. Correction: Fat and Carbohydrate Intake over Three Generations Modify Growth, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Phenotype in Female Mice in an Age-Related Manner. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189655. [PMID: 29216320 PMCID: PMC5720785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134664.].
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38
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Yadav DK, Shrestha S, Lillycrop KA, Joglekar CV, Pan H, Holbrook JD, Fall CH, Yajnik CS, Chandak GR. Vitamin B 12 supplementation influences methylation of genes associated with Type 2 diabetes and its intermediate traits. Epigenomics 2017; 10:71-90. [PMID: 29135286 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of B12 and/or folic acid supplementation on genome-wide DNA methylation. METHODS We performed Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Zymo Research, CA, USA) assay in children supplemented with B12 and/or folic acid (n = 12 in each group) and investigated the functional mechanism of selected differentially methylated loci. RESULTS We noted significant methylation changes postsupplementation in B12 (589 differentially methylated CpGs and 2892 regions) and B12 + folic acid (169 differentially methylated CpGs and 3241 regions) groups. Type 2 diabetes-associated genes TCF7L2 and FTO; and a miRNA, miR21 were further investigated in another B12-supplementation cohort. We also demonstrate that methylation influences miR21 expression and FTO, TCF7L2, CREBBP/CBP and SIRT1 are direct targets of miR21-3p. CONCLUSION B12 supplementation influences regulation of several metabolically important Type 2 diabetes-associated genes through methylation of miR21. Hence, our study provides novel epigenetic explanation for the association between disordered one carbon metabolism and risk of adiposity, insulin resistance and diabetes and has translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K Yadav
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India
| | - Smeeta Shrestha
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India.,Building No 7, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore 560 078, Karnataka, India
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Research Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6 YD, UK
| | - Charu V Joglekar
- Diabetes Unit, King Edward Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Rasta Peth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 011, India
| | - Hong Pan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, 119521, Singapore
| | - Joanna D Holbrook
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, 119521, Singapore.,Human Development & Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton & National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6 YD, UK
| | - Caroline Hd Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6 YD, UK
| | - Chittaranjan S Yajnik
- Diabetes Unit, King Edward Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Rasta Peth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 011, India
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India.,Adjunct Faculty, Human Genetics Unit, Genome Institute of Singapore, Biopolis, 138672, Singapore
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Simner C, Novakovic B, Lillycrop KA, Bell CG, Harvey NC, Cooper C, Saffery R, Lewis RM, Cleal JK. DNA methylation of amino acid transporter genes in the human placenta. Placenta 2017; 60:64-73. [PMID: 29208242 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Placental transfer of amino acids via amino acid transporters is essential for fetal growth. Little is known about the epigenetic regulation of amino acid transporters in placenta. This study investigates the DNA methylation status of amino acid transporters and their expression across gestation in human placenta. METHODS BeWo cells were treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine to inhibit methylation and assess the effects on amino acid transporter gene expression. The DNA methylation levels of amino acid transporter genes in human placenta were determined across gestation using DNA methylation array data. Placental amino acid transporter gene expression across gestation was also analysed using data from publically available Gene Expression Omnibus data sets. The expression levels of these transporters at term were established using RNA sequencing data. RESULTS Inhibition of DNA methylation in BeWo cells demonstrated that expression of specific amino acid transporters can be inversely associated with DNA methylation. Amino acid transporters expressed in term placenta generally showed low levels of promoter DNA methylation. Transporters with little or no expression in term placenta tended to be more highly methylated at gene promoter regions. The transporter genes SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC7A5, SLC7A11 and SLC7A10 had significant changes in enhancer DNA methylation across gestation, as well as gene expression changes across gestation. CONCLUSION This study implicates DNA methylation in the regulation of amino acid transporter gene expression. However, in human placenta, DNA methylation of these genes remains low across gestation and does not always play an obvious role in regulating gene expression, despite clear evidence for differential expression as gestation proceeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simner
- The Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | - B Novakovic
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - K A Lillycrop
- The Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, UK; Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - C G Bell
- The Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, UK; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
| | - N C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, UK; NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, UK
| | - R Saffery
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - R M Lewis
- The Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | - J K Cleal
- The Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, UK.
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Chandak GR, Silver MJ, Saffari A, Lillycrop KA, Shrestha S, Sahariah SA, Di Gravio C, Goldberg G, Tomar AS, Betts M, Sajjadi S, Acolatse L, James P, Issarapu P, Kumaran K, Potdar RD, Prentice AM, Fall CH. Protocol for the EMPHASIS study; epigenetic mechanisms linking maternal pre-conceptional nutrition and children's health in India and Sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Nutr 2017; 3. [PMID: 30820326 PMCID: PMC6390934 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-017-0200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Animal studies have shown that nutritional exposures during pregnancy can modify epigenetic marks regulating fetal development and susceptibility to later disease, providing a plausible mechanism to explain the developmental origins of health and disease. Human observational studies have shown that maternal peri-conceptional diet predicts DNA methylation in offspring. However, a causal pathway from maternal diet, through changes in DNA methylation, to later health outcomes has yet to be established. The EMPHASIS study (Epigenetic Mechanisms linking Pre-conceptional nutrition and Health Assessed in India and Sub-Saharan Africa, ISRCTN14266771) will investigate epigenetically mediated links between peri-conceptional nutrition and health-related outcomes in children whose mothers participated in two randomized controlled trials of micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy. Methods The original trials were the Mumbai Maternal Nutrition Project (MMNP, ISRCTN62811278) in which Indian women were offered a daily snack made from micronutrient-rich foods or low-micronutrient foods (controls), and the Peri-conceptional Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Trial (PMMST, ISRCTN13687662) in rural Gambia, in which women were offered a daily multiple micronutrient (UNIMMAP) tablet or placebo. In the EMPHASIS study, DNA methylation will be analysed in the children of these women (~1100 children aged 5–7 y in MMNP and 298 children aged 7–9 y in PMMST). Cohort-specific and cross-cohort effects will be explored. Differences in DNA methylation between allocation groups will be identified using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC array, and by pyrosequencing top hits and selected candidate loci. Associations will be analysed between DNA methylation and health-related phenotypic outcomes, including size at birth, and children’s post-natal growth, body composition, skeletal development, cardio-metabolic risk markers (blood pressure, serum lipids, plasma glucose and insulin) and cognitive function. Pathways analysis will be used to test for enrichment of nutrition-sensitive loci in biological pathways. Causal mechanisms for nutrition-methylation-phenotype associations will be explored using Mendelian Randomization. Associations between methylation unrelated to supplementation and phenotypes will also be analysed. Conclusion The study will increase understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms underpinning the long-term impact of maternal nutrition on offspring health. It will potentially lead to better nutritional interventions for mothers preparing for pregnancy, and to identification of early life biomarkers of later disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matt J Silver
- MRC Unit The Gambia and MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Ayden Saffari
- MRC Unit, The Gambia and MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | | | - Smeeta Shrestha
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Sajjadi
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Philip James
- MRC Unit, The Gambia and MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | | | - Kalyanaraman Kumaran
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK and CSI Holdsworth memorial Hospital, Mysore, India
| | | | - Andrew M Prentice
- MRC Unit, The Gambia and MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
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Curtis EM, Murray R, Titcombe P, Cook E, Clarke-Harris R, Costello P, Garratt E, Holbrook JD, Barton S, Inskip H, Godfrey KM, Bell CG, Cooper C, Lillycrop KA, Harvey NC. Perinatal DNA Methylation at CDKN2A Is Associated With Offspring Bone Mass: Findings From the Southampton Women's Survey. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:2030-2040. [PMID: 28419547 PMCID: PMC5528139 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poor intrauterine and childhood growth has been linked with the risk of osteoporosis in later life, a relationship that may in part be mediated through altered epigenetic regulation of genes. We previously identified a region within the promoter of the long non-coding RNA ANRIL encoded by the CDKN2A locus, at which differential DNA methylation at birth showed correlations with offspring adiposity. Given the common lineage of adipocytes and osteoblasts, we investigated the relationship between perinatal CDKN2A methylation and bone mass at ages 4 and 6 years. Using sodium bisulfite pyrosequencing, we measured the methylation status of the 9 CpGs within this region in umbilical cord samples from discovery (n = 332) and replication (n = 337) cohorts of children from the Southampton Women's Survey, whose bone mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiomietry (DXA; Hologic Discovery). Inverse associations were found between perinatal CDKN2A methylation and whole-body minus head bone area (BA), bone mineral content (BMC), and areal bone mineral density (BMD). This was confirmed in replication and combined data sets (all p < 0.01), with each 10% increase in methylation being associated with a decrease in BMC of 4 to 9 g at age 4 years (p ≤ 0.001). Relationships were similar with 6-year bone mass. Functional investigation of the differentially methylated region in the SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cell line showed that transcription factors bound to the identified CpGs in a methylation-specific manner and that CpG mutagenesis modulated ANRIL expression. In conclusion, perinatal methylation at CDKN2A is associated with childhood bone development and has significance for cell function. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Curtis
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Robert Murray
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip Titcombe
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Eloïse Cook
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Paula Costello
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emma Garratt
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Joanna D Holbrook
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore
| | - Sheila Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hazel Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher G Bell
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Barton SJ, Ngo S, Costello P, Garratt E, El-Heis S, Antoun E, Clarke-Harris R, Murray R, Bhatt T, Burdge G, Cooper C, Inskip H, van der Beek EM, Sheppard A, Godfrey KM, Lillycrop KA. DNA methylation of Th2 lineage determination genes at birth is associated with allergic outcomes in childhood. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1599-1608. [PMID: 28756630 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is now increasing evidence that asthma and atopy originate in part in utero, with disease risk being associated with the altered epigenetic regulation of genes. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS To determine the relationship between variations in DNA methylation at birth and the development of allergic disease, we examined the methylation status of CpG loci within the promoter regions of Th1/2 lineage commitment genes (GATA3, IL-4, IL-4R, STAT4 and TBET) in umbilical cord DNA at birth in a cohort of infants from the Southampton Women's Survey (n = 696) who were later assessed for asthma, atopic eczema and atopy. RESULTS We found that higher methylation of GATA3 CpGs -2211/-2209 at birth was associated with a reduced risk of asthma at ages 3 (median ratio [median methylation in asthma group/median methylation in non-asthma group] = 0.74, P = .006) and 6-7 (median ratio 0.90, P = .048) years. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the GATA3 CpG loci associated with later risk of asthma lie within a NF-κB binding site and that methylation here blocks transcription factor binding to the GATA3 promoter in the human Jurkat T-cell line. Associations between umbilical cord methylation of CpG loci within IL-4R with atopic eczema at 12 months (median ratio 1.02, P = .028), and TBET with atopy (median ratio 0.98, P = .017) at 6-7 years of age were also observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings provide further evidence of a developmental contribution to the risk of later allergic disorders and suggest that involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in childhood asthma is already demonstrable at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S Ngo
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P Costello
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E Garratt
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S El-Heis
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E Antoun
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - R Clarke-Harris
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - R Murray
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - T Bhatt
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G Burdge
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - H Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E M van der Beek
- Nutricia Research, Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, University medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Sheppard
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - K M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - K A Lillycrop
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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43
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Holbrook JD, Huang RC, Barton SJ, Saffery R, Lillycrop KA. Is cellular heterogeneity merely a confounder to be removed from epigenome-wide association studies? Epigenomics 2017; 9:1143-1150. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitement about DNA methylation biomarkers has been tempered by a growing appreciation of the complex causal relations with cell fate. Intersample differences in DNA methylation can be partitioned into those that are independent of cellular heterogeneity and those that are caused by differential mixtures of cell types. Generally, the field has assumed that the former are more likely to be causative of disease. The latter has been considered a likely consequence of disease and a confounder to be removed. We argue that the conceptual separation of these signals is artificial and not necessarily informative about causation. DNA methylation is a very sensitive measure of cell fate mix and therefore reveals much about underlying disease etiology including aspects of causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna D Holbrook
- Human Development & Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton & NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rae-Chi Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sheila J Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard Saffery
- Cancer & Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Human Development & Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton & NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural & Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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Huang RC, Garratt ES, Pan H, Wu Y, Davis EA, Barton SJ, Burdge GC, Godfrey KM, Holbrook JD, Lillycrop KA. Genome-wide methylation analysis identifies differentially methylated CpG loci associated with severe obesity in childhood. Epigenetics 2016; 10:995-1005. [PMID: 26646899 PMCID: PMC4844195 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1080411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a major public health issue. Here we investigated whether differential DNA methylation was associated with childhood obesity. We studied DNA methylation profiles in whole blood from 78 obese children (mean BMI Z-score: 2.6) and 71 age- and sex-matched controls (mean BMI Z-score: 0.1). DNA samples from obese and control groups were pooled and analyzed using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. Comparison of the methylation profiles between obese and control subjects revealed 129 differentially methylated CpG (DMCpG) loci associated with 80 unique genes that had a greater than 10% difference in methylation (P-value < 0.05). The top pathways enriched among the DMCpGs included developmental processes, immune system regulation, regulation of cell signaling, and small GTPase-mediated signal transduction. The associations between the methylation of selected DMCpGs with childhood obesity were validated using sodium bisulfite pyrosequencing across loci within the FYN, PIWIL4, and TAOK3 genes in individual subjects. Three CpG loci within FYN were hypermethylated in obese individuals (all P < 0.01), while obesity was associated with lower methylation of CpG loci within PIWIL4 (P = 0.003) and TAOK3 (P = 0.001). After building logistic regression models, we determined that a 1% increase in methylation in TAOK3, multiplicatively decreased the odds of being obese by 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86 – 0.97), and an increase of 1% methylation in FYN CpG3, multiplicatively increased the odds of being obese by 1.03 (95% CI: 0.99 – 1.07). In conclusion, these findings provide evidence that childhood obesity is associated with specific DNA methylation changes in whole blood, which may have utility as biomarkers of obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Huang
- a Telethon Institute for Child Health Research; University of Western Australia ; Perth, Australia
| | - E S Garratt
- b Academic Unit of Human Development and Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton ; Southampton , UK
| | - H Pan
- c Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS); A*STAR; Brenner Center for Molecular Medicine ; Singapore.,d School of Computer Engineering; Nanyang Technological University (NTU) ; Singapore
| | - Y Wu
- c Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS); A*STAR; Brenner Center for Molecular Medicine ; Singapore
| | - E A Davis
- a Telethon Institute for Child Health Research; University of Western Australia ; Perth, Australia
| | - S J Barton
- e MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit; University of Southampton ; Southampton , UK
| | - G C Burdge
- b Academic Unit of Human Development and Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton ; Southampton , UK
| | - K M Godfrey
- e MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit; University of Southampton ; Southampton , UK.,f NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center; University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton, UK
| | - J D Holbrook
- c Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS); A*STAR; Brenner Center for Molecular Medicine ; Singapore.,g Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore (NUS) ; Singapore
| | - K A Lillycrop
- b Academic Unit of Human Development and Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton ; Southampton , UK.,h Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences; University of Southampton ; Southampton , UK
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45
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Bruce KD, Szczepankiewicz D, Sihota KK, Ravindraanandan M, Thomas H, Lillycrop KA, Burdge GC, Hanson MA, Byrne CD, Cagampang FR. Altered cellular redox status, sirtuin abundance and clock gene expression in a mouse model of developmentally primed NASH. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:584-93. [PMID: 27040510 PMCID: PMC4874946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that high fat (HF) feeding during pregnancy primes the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatits (NASH) in the adult offspring. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Aims Since the endogenous molecular clock can regulate hepatic lipid metabolism, we investigated whether exposure to a HF diet during development could alter hepatic clock gene expression and contribute to NASH onset in later life. Methods Female mice were fed either a control (C, 7% kcal fat) or HF (45% kcal fat) diet. Offspring were fed either a C or HF diet resulting in four offspring groups: C/C, C/HF, HF/C and HF/HF. NAFLD progression, cellular redox status, sirtuin expression (Sirt1, Sirt3), and the expression of core clock genes (Clock, Bmal1, Per2, Cry2) and clock-controlled genes involved in lipid metabolism (Rev-Erbα, Rev-Erbβ, RORα, and Srebp1c) were measured in offspring livers. Results Offspring fed a HF diet developed NAFLD. However HF fed offspring of mothers fed a HF diet developed NASH, coupled with significantly reduced NAD+/NADH (p < 0.05, HF/HF vs C/C), Sirt1 (p < 0.001, HF/HF vs C/C), Sirt3 (p < 0.01, HF/HF vs C/C), perturbed clock gene expression, and elevated expression of genes involved lipid metabolism, such as Srebp1c (p < 0.05, C/HF and HF/HF vs C/C). Conclusion Our results suggest that exposure to excess dietary fat during early and post-natal life increases the susceptibility to develop NASH in adulthood, involving altered cellular redox status, reduced sirtuin abundance, and desynchronized clock gene expression. Offspring of mothers fed a high fat diet show severe fatty liver in later life. HF feeding is associated with altered cellular redox status and reduced sirtuin gene expression. HF feeding desynchronises the expression of core clock genes and lipogenic transcription factors. Exposure to a HF diet during development causes changes in liver metabolism that precede severe fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley D Bruce
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Aurora, USA.
| | - Dawid Szczepankiewicz
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kiran K Sihota
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Manoj Ravindraanandan
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Hugh Thomas
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Graham C Burdge
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark A Hanson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Felino R Cagampang
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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46
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Abstract
It is now widely recognized that the environment in early life can have important effects on human growth and development, including the 'programming' of far-reaching effects on the risk of developing common metabolic and other noncommunicable diseases in later life. We have shown that greater childhood adiposity is associated with higher maternal adiposity, low maternal vitamin D status, excessive gestational weight gain and short duration of breast-feeding; maternal dietary patterns in pregnancy and vitamin D status have been linked with childhood bone mineral content and muscle function. Human studies have identified fetal liver blood flow adaptations and epigenetic changes as potential mechanisms that could link maternal influences with offspring body composition. In experimental studies, there is now substantial evidence that the environment during early life induces altered phenotypes through epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, covalent modifications of histones and non-coding RNAs, can induce changes in gene expression without a change in DNA base sequence. Such processes are involved in cell differentiation and genomic imprinting, as well as the phenomenon of developmental plasticity in response to environmental influences. Elucidation of such epigenetic processes may enable early intervention strategies to improve early development and growth.
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47
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Scorletti E, West AL, Bhatia L, Hoile SP, McCormick KG, Burdge GC, Lillycrop KA, Clough GF, Calder PC, Byrne CD. Treating liver fat and serum triglyceride levels in NAFLD, effects of PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 genotypes: Results from the WELCOME trial. J Hepatol 2015; 63:1476-83. [PMID: 26272871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Genetic variation in both patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein-3 (PNPLA3) (I148M) and the transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 protein (TM6SF2) (E167K) influences severity of liver disease, and serum triglyceride concentrations in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but whether either genotype influences the responses to treatments is uncertain. METHODS One hundred three patients with NAFLD were randomised to omega-3 fatty acids (DHA+EPA) or placebo for 15-18months in a double blind placebo controlled trial. Erythrocyte enrichment with DHA and EPA was measured by gas chromatography. PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 genotypes were measured by PCR technologies. Multivariable linear regression and analysis of covariance were undertaken to test the effect of genotypes on omega-3 fatty acid enrichment, end of study liver fat percentage and serum triglyceride concentrations. All models were adjusted for baseline measurements of each respective outcome. RESULTS Fifty-five men and 40 women (Genotypes PNPLA3 I148M, 148I/I=41, 148I/M=43, 148M/M=11; TM6SF2 E167K 167E/E=78, 167E/K+167K/K=17 participants) (mean ± SD age, 51 ± 11 years) completed the trial. Adjusting for baseline measurement, measured covariates and confounders, PNPLA3 148M/M variant was independently associated with percentage of DHA enrichment (B coefficient -1.02 (95% CI -1.97, -0.07), p=0.036) but not percentage of EPA enrichment (B coefficient -0.31 (95% CI -1.38, 0.75), p=0.56). This genotype was also independently associated with end of study liver fat percentage (B coefficient 9.5 (95% CI 2.53, 16.39), p=0.008), but not end of study triglyceride concentration (B coefficient -0.11 (95% CI -0.64, 0.42), p=0.68). CONCLUSIONS PNPLA3 148M/M variant influences the changes in liver fat and DHA tissue enrichment during the trial but not the change in serum triglyceride concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Scorletti
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Annette L West
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lokpal Bhatia
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Samuel P Hoile
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Keith G McCormick
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Graham C Burdge
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Geraldine F Clough
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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48
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Irvine NA, Lillycrop KA, Fielding B, Torrens C, Hanson MA, Burdge GC. Polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis is involved in phenylephrine-mediated calcium release in vascular smooth muscle cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 101:31-9. [PMID: 26324193 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) α1-adrenoceptors induces myosin phosphorylation and vasoconstriction via mobilisation of intracellular calcium and production of specific eicosanoids. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthesis in VSM cells is involved, although the precise mechanism is not known. To address this, we characterised PUFA biosynthesis in VSM cells and determined its role in intracellular calcium release and eicosanoid production. Murine VSM cells converted 18:2n-6 to longer chain PUFA including 22:5n-6. Δ6 (D6d) and Δ5 (D5d) desaturase, and elongase (Elovl) 5 were expressed. Elovl2 was not detected in human, mouse or rat VSM cells, or in rat or mouse aortae, but tit was not associated with hypermethylation of its promoter. D6d or D5d inhibition reduced 18:3n-6 and 20:4n-6 synthesis, respectively, and induced concentration-related decrease in phenylephrine-mediated calcium release, and in PGE2 and PGF2α secretion. Together these findings suggest that PUFA biosynthesis in VSM cells is involved in calcium release associated with vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A Irvine
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Barbara Fielding
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Christopher Torrens
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark A Hanson
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Graham C Burdge
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Abstract
The level of transcriptional activity of a gene is regulated by epigenetic processes. There is compelling evidence that environmental challenges throughout the life course can induce phenotypic change. In this review, we summarize the current evidence, focusing specifically on the effects of nutrition and of environmental pollutants, that epigenetic processes underpin the induction by environmental change of altered phenotypic traits, emphasizing the implications for health outcomes. We also discuss whether epigenetic processes may be involved in the passage of induced traits between generations. Overall, current findings indicate that epigenetic processes may play an important role in determining disease risk, but there is a lack of studies that demonstrate causal links between epigenetic change and tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Lillycrop
- Faculty of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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50
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Hoile SP, Grenfell LM, Hanson MA, Lillycrop KA, Burdge GC. Fat and carbohydrate intake over three generations modify growth, metabolism and cardiovascular phenotype in female mice in an age-related manner. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134664. [PMID: 26266533 PMCID: PMC4534415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental challenges such as a high fat diet during pregnancy can induce changes in offspring growth, metabolism and cardiovascular function. However, challenges that are sustained over several generations can induce progressive compensatory metabolic adjustments in young adults. It is not known if such effects persist during ageing. We investigated whether diets with different fat and carbohydrate contents over three generations modifies markers of ageing. Female C57BL/6 F0 mice were fed diets containing 5% or 21% fat (w/w) throughout pregnancy and lactation. Female offspring were fed the same diet as their dams until the F3 generation. In each generation, body weight, 24-hour food intake were recorded weekly, and plasma metabolites were measured by colorimetric assays, blood pressure by tail cuff plethysmography and vasoconstriction by myography on postnatal day 90 or 456. There was little effect of diet or generation on phenotypic markers in day 90 adults. There was a significant increase in whole body, liver and heart weight with ageing (d456) in the F3 21% fat group compared to the F1 and F3 5% groups. Fasting plasma glucose concentration was significantly increased with ageing in the 5% group in the F3 generation and in the 21% group in both generations. There was a significant effect of diet and generation on ex-vivo vasoconstriction in ageing females. Differences in dietary fat may induce metabolic compensation in young adults that persist over three generations. However, such compensatory effects decline during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P. Hoile
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Leonie M. Grenfell
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Hanson
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Natural Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Graham C. Burdge
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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