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Jin T, Park EY, Kim B, Oh JK. Non-Linear Association between Serum Folate Concentration and Dyslipidemia: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016-2018. Epidemiol Health 2022; 44:e2022046. [PMID: 35577068 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to evaluate the association between serum folate concentration and prevalence of dyslipidemia. Methods A total of 4,477 adults (2,019 men and 2,458 women) enrolled in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016-2018 were included. Serum samples were used to access folate concentration and total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. Multivariate logistic regression with a sampling weight was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Elevated TC, TG, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were observed in 506 (11.3%), 646 (14.4%), 434 (9.7%), and 767 (17.1%) participants, respectively. We found non-linear trends between serum folate concentration and prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia from the restricted cubic smoothing spline. A higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was observed among participants in the 1st tertile serum folate concentration group (OR [95% CI] = 1.38 [1.05-1.79]) compared to those in the 2nd tertile group. On the other hand, a higher prevalence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was identified for both the 1st and 3rd serum folate concentration tertile groups (OR [95% CI]: 1.49 [1.08-2.05] and 1.63 [1.20-2.20], respectively); furthermore, in these tertiles, the prevalence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was more pronounced among obese participants. Conclusion Non-linear associations may exist between serum folate concentration and the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia in adults. The findings suggest that more accurate recommendations about folate intake and folic acid fortification and supplementation should be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyue Jin
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Byungmi Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Jin T, Park EY, Kim B, Oh JK. Association between Blood Mercury Concentration and Prevalence of Borderline Hypercholesterolemia among Adolescents: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2013 and 2016. Toxics 2021; 9:toxics9100242. [PMID: 34678938 PMCID: PMC8539976 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is limited evidence on the association between blood mercury (Hg) concentration and the risk of borderline dyslipidemia in adolescents. Here, we investigated the association between blood Hg concentration and the prevalence of borderline dyslipidemia among Korean adolescents. A total of 1559 participants (806 boys and 753 girls) aged 10–18 years who cross-sectionally enrolled in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010–2013 and 2016 were included in this study. Hg concentrations (µg/L) in whole blood samples were measured. The geometric mean (GM) of the blood Hg concentration was 1.88 µg/L. It showed a 63% higher prevalence of borderline hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol (TC) 170–199 mg/dL) per unit of natural log-transformed blood Hg concentration in boys (95% CI = 1.10–2.41), but not in girls. When a categorical model was applied, the positive association with the prevalence of borderline hypercholesterolemia was also persistant in boys (OR (95% CI) for 2nd and 3rd tertiles (Hg concentration 1.532–11.761 µg/L) vs. 1st tertile (Hg concentration 0.192–1.531 µg/L): 1.92 (1.19–3.10)), but not in girls. This finding suggests that blood Hg concentration might result in a higher prevalence of borderline hypercholesterolemia among adolescents and more stringent public health actions should be taken for the reduction of Hg exposure to prevent dyslipidemia from early-childhood, despite the need of further study to evaluate a causal relationship between blood Hg concentration and the risk of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyue Jin
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (T.J.); (B.K.); (J.-K.O.)
| | - Eun Young Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (T.J.); (B.K.); (J.-K.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-920-2930
| | - Byungmi Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (T.J.); (B.K.); (J.-K.O.)
| | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (T.J.); (B.K.); (J.-K.O.)
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Okutsu S, Kato Y, Funakoshi S, Maeda T, Yoshimura C, Kawazoe M, Satoh A, Yokota S, Tada K, Takahashi K, Ito K, Yasuno T, Fujii H, Mukoubara S, Nakashima H, Kawanami D, Masutani K, Arima H, Nabeshima S. Effects of Weight Gain after 20 Years of Age and Incidence of Hyper-Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterolemia: The Iki Epidemiological Study of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Kidney Disease (ISSA-CKD). J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143098. [PMID: 34300264 PMCID: PMC8303188 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term weight gain from the age of 20 on incidence of hyper-low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolemia in the general population of Japanese people. Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using annual health checkup data for residents of Iki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. A total of 3179 adult (≥30 years old) men and women without hyper-LDL cholesterolemia at baseline, who underwent two or more health checkups were included in the analysis. Information on weight gain (≥10 kg) after 20 years of age was obtained using questionnaire. The outcome of this study was development of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia defined as LDL-cholesterol level ≥3.62 mmol/L and/or initiation of lipid-lowering medications. Results: During a mean follow-up period of 4.53 years, 665 of the 3179 participants developed hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (46.5/1000 person-years). The incidence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was higher in participants with a weight gain of ≥10 kg (55.3/1000 person-years) than among those with a weight gain of <10 kg (41.8/1000 person-years). This association remained statistically significant even after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, daily drinking, exercise, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes (multivariable hazard ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.58, p = 0.006). Conclusion: A weight gain of ≥10 after 20 years of age affected the development of hyper-LDL cholesterol regardless of age, sex, and obesity in a general population of Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Okutsu
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.O.); (Y.K.); (S.N.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.F.); (T.M.); (C.Y.); (M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Yoshifumi Kato
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.O.); (Y.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Shunsuke Funakoshi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.F.); (T.M.); (C.Y.); (M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Toshiki Maeda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.F.); (T.M.); (C.Y.); (M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Chikara Yoshimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.F.); (T.M.); (C.Y.); (M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Miki Kawazoe
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.F.); (T.M.); (C.Y.); (M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Atsushi Satoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.F.); (T.M.); (C.Y.); (M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Soichiro Yokota
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (T.Y.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Kazuhiro Tada
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (T.Y.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (T.Y.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Kenji Ito
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (T.Y.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Tetsuhiko Yasuno
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (T.Y.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Hideyuki Fujii
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (H.F.); (D.K.)
| | | | - Hitoshi Nakashima
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (T.Y.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Daiji Kawanami
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (H.F.); (D.K.)
| | - Kosuke Masutani
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (T.Y.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.F.); (T.M.); (C.Y.); (M.K.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-801-1011; Fax: +81-92-862-8200
| | - Shigeki Nabeshima
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.O.); (Y.K.); (S.N.)
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Choi E, Ahn S, Joung H. Association of Dietary Fatty Acid Consumption Patterns with Risk of Hyper-LDL Cholesterolemiain Korean Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1412. [PMID: 32422908 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the association between the risk of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (hyper-LDLC) and fatty acid consumption patterns (FACPs) using the data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) prospective cohort. A total of 6542 middle-aged Korean adults were included in the analysis. Four FACPs were identified through principal component analysis of the reported intakes of 34 fatty acids (FAs): “long-chain FA pattern”; “short & medium-chain saturated fatty acid (SFA) pattern”; “n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) pattern”; and “long-chain SFA pattern”. The “long-chain SFA pattern” lowered the risk of hyper-LDLC (relative risk (RR), 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72–0.94; p for trend, 0.004) and the “short & medium-chain SFA pattern” increased the risk of hyper-LDLC (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03–1.32; p for trend = 0.004). In sex-stratified analyses, the associations of the “long-chain SFA pattern” (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58–0.93; p for trend = 0.007) and the “short & medium-chain SFA pattern” (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07–1.69; p for trend = 0.003) with the hyper-LDLC risk were observed only in men, but not in women. These results suggest that FACPs with a high intake of long-chain SFA or a low intake of short and medium-chain SFA may protect Korean adults from hyper-LDLC.
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