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Omar R, Saliba W, Khatib M, Zheng Y, Pieters C, Oved H, Silberman E, Zohar O, Hu Z, Kloper V, Broza YY, Dvir T, Grinberg Dana A, Wang Y, Haick H. Biodegradable, Biocompatible, and Implantable Multifunctional Sensing Platform for Cardiac Monitoring. ACS Sens 2024; 9:126-138. [PMID: 38170944 PMCID: PMC10825867 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac monitoring after heart surgeries is crucial for health maintenance and detecting postoperative complications early. However, current methods like rigid implants have limitations, as they require performing second complex surgeries for removal, increasing infection and inflammation risks, thus prompting research for improved sensing monitoring technologies. Herein, we introduce a nanosensor platform that is biodegradable, biocompatible, and integrated with multifunctions, suitable for use as implants for cardiac monitoring. The device has two electrochemical biosensors for sensing lactic acid and pH as well as a pressure sensor and a chemiresistor array for detecting volatile organic compounds. Its biocompatibility with myocytes has been tested in vitro, and its biodegradability and sensing function have been proven with ex vivo experiments using a three-dimensional (3D)-printed heart model and 3D-printed cardiac tissue patches. Moreover, an artificial intelligence-based predictive model was designed to fuse sensor data for more precise health assessment, making it a suitable candidate for clinical use. This sensing platform promises impactful applications in the realm of cardiac patient care, laying the foundation for advanced life-saving developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Omar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Walaa Saliba
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Muhammad Khatib
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Youbin Zheng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Calvin Pieters
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel
| | - Hadas Oved
- Shmunis
School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Eric Silberman
- Shmunis
School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Orr Zohar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Viki Kloper
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yoav Y. Broza
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Tal Dvir
- Shmunis
School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department
Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The
Chaoul Center for Nanoscale Systems, Tel
Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol Center
for Regenerative Biotechnology, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Alon Grinberg Dana
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel
| | - Yan Wang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Wang J, Chu J, Song J, Li Z. The application of impantable sensors in the musculoskeletal system: a review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1270237. [PMID: 38328442 PMCID: PMC10847584 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1270237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
As the population ages and the incidence of traumatic events rises, there is a growing trend toward the implantation of devices to replace damaged or degenerated tissues in the body. In orthopedic applications, some implants are equipped with sensors to measure internal data and monitor the status of the implant. In recent years, several multi-functional implants have been developed that the clinician can externally control using a smart device. Experts anticipate that these versatile implants could pave the way for the next-generation of technological advancements. This paper provides an introduction to implantable sensors and is structured into three parts. The first section categorizes existing implantable sensors based on their working principles and provides detailed illustrations with examples. The second section introduces the most common materials used in implantable sensors, divided into rigid and flexible materials according to their properties. The third section is the focal point of this article, with implantable orthopedic sensors being classified as joint, spine, or fracture, based on different practical scenarios. The aim of this review is to introduce various implantable orthopedic sensors, compare their different characteristics, and outline the future direction of their development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzuo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopaedic Diseases, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Chu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jinhui Song
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopaedic Diseases, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Wang J, Wang L, Yang Y, Li H, Huang X, Liu Z, Yu S, Tang C, Chen J, Shi X, Li W, Chen P, Tong Q, Yu H, Sun X, Peng H. A Fiber Sensor for Long-Term Monitoring of Extracellular Potassium Ion Fluctuations in Chronic Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Adv Mater 2023:e2309862. [PMID: 38133487 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular potassium ion concentration in the brain exerts a significant influence on cellular excitability and intercellular communication. Perturbations in the extracellular potassium ion level are closely correlated with various chronic neuropsychiatric disorders including depression. However, a critical gap persists in performing real-time and long-term monitoring of extracellular potassium ions, which is necessary for comprehensive profiling of chronic neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, a fiber potassium ion sensor (FKS) that consists of a soft conductive fiber with a rough surface and a hydrophobic-treated transduction layer interfaced with a potassium ion-selective membrane is found to solve this problem. The FKS demonstrates stable interfaces between its distinct functional layers in an aqueous environment, conferring an exceptional stability of 6 months in vivo, in stark contrast to previous reports with working durations from hours to days. Upon implantation into the mouse brain, the FKS enables effective monitoring of extracellular potassium ion dynamics under diverse physiological states including anesthesia, forced swimming, and tail suspension. Using this FKS, tracking of extracellular potassium ion fluctuations that align with behaviors associated with the progression of depression over months is achieved, demonstrating its usability in studying chronic neuropsychiatric disorders from a new biochemical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yiqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - HongJian Li
- Vision Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xinlin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Sihui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chengqiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Peining Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qi Tong
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Vision Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Chen Y, Niimi M, Zhang L, Tang X, Lu J, Fan J. A Simple Telemetry Sensor System for Monitoring Body Temperature in Rabbits-A Brief Report. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101677. [PMID: 37238108 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous body temperature measurement is an important means of studying inflammation and metabolic changes using experimental animals. Although expensive telemetry equipment for collecting multiple parameters is available for small animals, readily used devices for mediate- or large-sized animals are rather limited. In this study, we developed a new telemetry sensor system that can continuously monitor rabbit body temperature. The telemetry sensor was easily implanted subcutaneously in rabbits housed in the animal facility while temperature changes were continuously recorded by a personal computer. Temperature data obtained by the telemetry was consistent with the rectal temperature measured by a digital device. Analysis of body temperature changes of unstrained rabbits, either under the normal condition or fever induced by endotoxin confirms the reliability and usefulness of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Chen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Manabu Niimi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Lan Zhang
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8564, Japan
| | - Xiangming Tang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Jian Lu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8564, Japan
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory, Southern China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
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Cercenelli L, Gironi C, Bortolani B, Marcelli E. First Ex Vivo Animal Study of a Biological Heart Valve Prosthesis Sensorized with Intravalvular Impedance. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:3829. [PMID: 37112167 PMCID: PMC10141024 DOI: 10.3390/s23083829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
IntraValvular Impedance (IVI) sensing is an innovative concept for monitoring heart valve prostheses after implant. We recently demonstrated IVI sensing feasible in vitro for biological heart valves (BHVs). In this study, for the first time, we investigate ex vivo the IVI sensing applied to a BHV when it is surrounded by biological tissue, similar to a real implant condition. A commercial model of BHV was sensorized with three miniaturized electrodes embedded in the commissures of the valve leaflets and connected to an external impedance measurement unit. To perform ex vivo animal tests, the sensorized BHV was implanted in the aortic position of an explanted porcine heart, which was connected to a cardiac BioSimulator platform. The IVI signal was recorded in different dynamic cardiac conditions reproduced with the BioSimulator, varying the cardiac cycle rate and the stroke volume. For each condition, the maximum percent variation in the IVI signal was evaluated and compared. The IVI signal was also processed to calculate its first derivative (dIVI/dt), which should reflect the rate of the valve leaflets opening/closing. The results demonstrated that the IVI signal is well detectable when the sensorized BHV is surrounded by biological tissue, maintaining the similar increasing/decreasing trend that was found during in vitro experiments. The signal can also be informative on the rate of valve opening/closing, as indicated by the changes in dIVI/dt in different dynamic cardiac conditions.
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Kight A, Pirozzi I, Liang X, McElhinney DB, Han AK, Dual SA, Cutkosky M. Decoupling Transmission and Transduction for Improved Durability of Highly Stretchable, Soft Strain Sensing: Applications in Human Health Monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:1955. [PMID: 36850551 PMCID: PMC9967534 DOI: 10.3390/s23041955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a modular approach to the development of strain sensors for large deformations. The proposed method separates the extension and signal transduction mechanisms using a soft, elastomeric transmission and a high-sensitivity microelectromechanical system (MEMS) transducer. By separating the transmission and transduction, they can be optimized independently for application-specific mechanical and electrical performance. This work investigates the potential of this approach for human health monitoring as an implantable cardiac strain sensor for measuring global longitudinal strain (GLS). The durability of the sensor was evaluated by conducting cyclic loading tests over one million cycles, and the results showed negligible drift. To account for hysteresis and frequency-dependent effects, a lumped-parameter model was developed to represent the viscoelastic behavior of the sensor. Multiple model orders were considered and compared using validation and test data sets that mimic physiologically relevant dynamics. Results support the choice of a second-order model, which reduces error by 73% compared to a linear calibration. In addition, we evaluated the suitability of this sensor for the proposed application by demonstrating its ability to operate on compliant, curved surfaces. The effects of friction and boundary conditions are also empirically assessed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kight
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ileana Pirozzi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xinyi Liang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Doff B. McElhinney
- Department of Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amy Kyungwon Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seraina A. Dual
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Cutkosky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Farooq M, Amin B, Kraśny MJ, Elahi A, Rehman MRU, Wijns W, Shahzad A. An Ex Vivo Study of Wireless Linkage Distance between Implantable LC Resonance Sensor and External Readout Coil. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:8402. [PMID: 36366097 PMCID: PMC9656142 DOI: 10.3390/s22218402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The wireless monitoring of key physiological parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and pressure can aid in preventive healthcare, early diagnosis, and patient-tailored treatment. In wireless implantable sensors, the distance between the sensor and the reader device is prone to be influenced by the operating frequency, as well as by the medium between the sensor and the reader. This manuscript presents an ex vivo investigation of the wireless linkage between an implantable sensor and an external reader for medical applications. The sensor was designed and fabricated using a cost-effective and accessible fabrication process. The sensor is composed of a circular planar inductor (L) and a circular planar capacitor (C) to form an inductor-capacitor (LC) resonance tank circuit. The reader system comprises a readout coil and data acquisition instrumentation. To investigate the effect of biological medium on wireless linkage, the readout distance between the sensor and the readout coil was examined independently for porcine and ovine tissues. In the bench model, to mimic the bio-environment for the investigation, skin, muscle, and fat tissues were used. The relative magnitude of the reflection coefficient (S11) at the readout coil was used as a metric to benchmark wireless linkage. A readable linkage signal was observed on the readout coil when the sensor was held up to 2.5 cm under layers of skin, muscle, and fat tissue. To increase the remote readout distance of the LC sensor, the effect of the repeater coil was also investigated. The experimental results showed that the magnitude of the reflection coefficient signal was increased 3-3.5 times in the presence of the repeater coil, thereby increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of the detected signal. Therefore, the repeater coil between the sensor and the readout coil allows a larger sensing range for a variety of applications in implanted or sealed fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Smart Sensors Laboratory, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Bilal Amin
- Smart Sensors Laboratory, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Marcin J. Kraśny
- Smart Sensors Laboratory, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Adnan Elahi
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Muhammad Riaz ur Rehman
- Smart Sensors Laboratory, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - William Wijns
- Smart Sensors Laboratory, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Atif Shahzad
- Smart Sensors Laboratory, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Systems Modeling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Gironi C, Cercenelli L, Bortolani B, Emiliani N, Tartarini L, Marcelli E. Innovative IntraValvular Impedance Sensing Applied to Biological Heart Valve Prostheses: Design and In Vitro Evaluation. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22218297. [PMID: 36365997 PMCID: PMC9656368 DOI: 10.3390/s22218297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Subclinical valve thrombosis in heart valve prostheses is characterized by the progressive reduction in leaflet motion detectable with advanced imaging diagnostics. However, without routine imaging surveillance, this subclinical thrombosis may be underdiagnosed. We recently proposed the novel concept of a sensorized heart valve prosthesis based on electrical impedance measurement (IntraValvular Impedance, IVI) using miniaturized electrodes embedded in the valve structure to generate a local electric field that is altered by the cyclic movement of the leaflets. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of the novel IVI-sensing concept applied to biological heart valves (BHVs). Three proof-of-concept prototypes of sensorized BHVs were assembled with different size, geometry and positioning of the electrodes to identify the optimal IVI-measurement configuration. Each prototype was tested in vitro on a hydrodynamic heart valve assessment platform. IVI signal was closely related to the electrodes' positioning in the valve structure and showed greater sensitivity in the prototype with small electrodes embedded in the valve commissures. The novel concept of IVI sensing is feasible on BHVs and has great potential for monitoring the valve condition after implant, allowing for early detection of subclinical valve thrombosis and timely selection of an appropriate anticoagulation therapy.
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Renard E, Riveline JP, Hanaire H, Guerci B. Reduction of clinically important low glucose excursions with a long-term implantable continuous glucose monitoring system in adults with type 1 diabetes prone to hypoglycaemia: the France Adoption Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:859-867. [PMID: 34984786 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the glucose control outcomes of the implantable Eversense real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose or intermittently scanned CGM in patients with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a randomized (2:1), prospective, national, multicentre study. All participants, aged >18 years and on multiple daily insulin injections or insulin pump treatment, had a sensor inserted, which was activated only in the "enabled" group. Included patients had T1D or T2D with a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level > 8% (64 mmol/mol) (Cohort 1) or T1D with a time spent with glucose values below 70 mg/dL (3.8 mmol/l) (TBR<70 ) for >1.5 h/d during the previous 28 days (Cohort 2). The primary outcomes were HbA1c change at D180 (Cohort 1) or change in time spent with glucose values below 54 mg/dL (TBR<54 ) during the period of Day (D)90 to D120 (Cohort 2). A covariance model (analyses of covariance) was used for endpoint analyses. RESULTS Overall, 149 patients were included in Cohort 1 and 90 in Cohort 2. In Cohort 1, the adjusted mean difference (enabled - control) in HbA1c at D180 was -0.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.4; 0.1; P = 0.341). No significant difference in time with values in the range 70 to 180 mg/dL or time with values above range (>180 mg/dL) was observed. In Cohort 2, the mean adjusted difference in TBR<54 was -1.6% (95% CI -3.1; -0.1; P = 0.039) during D90 to D120 and remained at -2.6% (95% CI -4.5; -0.6; P = 0.011) during D150 to D180 (prespecified secondary outcome). The CGM system was found to be safe. CONCLUSION This study shows that the Eversense CGM system can significantly decrease TBR<54 in patients with T1D prone to hypoglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Renard
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital, INSERM Clinical Investigation Centre 1411, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Riveline
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lariboisiere University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, INSERM UMRS-1138, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Hanaire
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Guerci
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Brabois Hospital and University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre Lès Nancy, France
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Irace C, Cutruzzolà A, Tweden K, Kaufman FR. Device profile of the eversense continuous glucose monitoring system for glycemic control in type-1 diabetes: overview of its safety and efficacy. Expert Rev Med Devices 2021; 18:909-914. [PMID: 34528851 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2021.1982380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems offer real-time data to facilitate diabetes management. The novel Eversense CGM has been approved in Europe and the US. The unique characteristics are the fully implantable sensor and the sensor life up to 180 days. AREAS COVERED This expert review describes the results of clinical trials, and the accuracy and safety of the Eversense system. The overall MARD ranges from 8.5% to 9.4%, the 20/20% agreement rate ranges from 84% to 94%, and the percent of values in zones A and B on the Clarke Error Grid is 99.2%. No device-related serious adverse events have been described during pivotal trial studies. The most frequently reported device- or procedure-related adverse events are sensor adhesive patch location site irritation (0.66%), inability to remove the sensor upon first attempt (0.76%), and location site infection (0.96%). Mean A1c reduction is about 0.4% from pivotal trials and real-world studies. EXPERT OPINION The Eversense system is novel and differentiated from transcutaneous CGM systems. The long life, the removable transmitter, and the on-body vibration alerts offer opportunities to properly manage diabetes with both MDI and insulin pump therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Irace
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cutruzzolà
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
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Wang Z, Hao Z, Yu S, De Moraes CG, Suh LH, Zhao X, Lin Q. An Ultraflexible and Stretchable Aptameric Graphene Nanosensor for Biomarker Detection and Monitoring. Adv Funct Mater 2019; 29:1905202. [PMID: 33551711 PMCID: PMC7861488 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201905202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An ultraflexible and stretchable field-effect transistor nanosensor is presented that uses aptamer-functionalized monolayer graphene as the conducting channel. Specific binding of the aptamer with the target biomarker induces a change in the carrier concentration of the graphene, which is measured to determine the biomarker concentration. Based on a Mylar substrate that is only 2.5-μm thick, the nanosensor is capable of conforming to underlying surfaces (e.g., those of human tissue or skin) that undergo large bending, twisting, and stretching deformations. In experimental testing, the device is rolled on cylindrical surfaces with radii down to 40 μm, twisted by angles ranging from -180° to 180°, or stretched by extensions up to 125%. With these large deformations applied either cyclically or non-recurrently, the device is shown to incur no visible mechanical damage, maintain consistent electrical properties, and allow detection of TNF-α, an inflammatory cytokine biomarker, with consistently high selectivity and low limit of detection (down to 5 × 10-12M). The nanosensor can thus potentially enable consistent and reliable detection of liquid-borne biomarkers on human skin or tissue surfaces that undergo large mechanical deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zhuang Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shifeng Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Leejee H Suh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xuezeng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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12
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Shadgan B, Macnab A, Fong A, Manouchehri N, So K, Shortt K, Streijger F, Cripton PA, Sayre EC, Dumont GA, Pagano R, Kim KT, Kwon BK. Optical Assessment of Spinal Cord Tissue Oxygenation Using a Miniaturized Near Infrared Spectroscopy Sensor. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:3034-3043. [PMID: 31044642 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury (SCI), measures to mitigate permanent neurological deficits in affected patients are limited. Immediate post-trauma hemodynamic management of patients, to maintain blood supply and improve oxygenation to the injured spinal cord, is currently one aspect of critical care which clinicians can utilize to improve neurological outcomes. However, without a way to monitor the response of spinal cord hemodynamics and oxygenation in real time, optimizing hemodynamic management is challenging and limited in scope. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and validity of using a miniaturized multi-wavelength near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor for direct transdural monitoring of spinal cord oxygenation in an animal model of acute SCI. Nine Yorkshire pigs underwent a weight-drop T10 contusion-compression injury and received episodes of ventilatory hypoxia and alterations in mean arterial pressure (MAP). Spinal cord hemodynamics and oxygenation were monitored throughout by a non-invasive transdural NIRS sensor, as well as an invasive intraparenchymal sensor as a comparison. NIRS parameters of tissue oxygenation were highly correlated with intraparenchymal measures of tissue oxygenation. In particular, during periods of hypoxia and MAP alterations, changes of NIRS-derived spinal cord oxygenated hemoglobin and tissue oxygenation percentage corresponded well with the changes in spinal cord oxygen partial pressures measured by the intraparenchymal sensor. Our data confirm that during hypoxic episodes and as changes occur in the MAP, non-invasive NIRS can detect and measure real-time changes in spinal cord oxygenation with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Shadgan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Macnab
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Wallenberg Research Centre, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Allan Fong
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neda Manouchehri
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kitty So
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katelyn Shortt
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Femke Streijger
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter A Cripton
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Orthopaedic and Injury Biomechanics Group, Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Orthopaedics and School of Biomedical Engineering, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric C Sayre
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guy A Dumont
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roberto Pagano
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Brian K Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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13
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Lee JO, Narasimhan V, Balakrishna A, Smith MR, Du J, Sretavan D, Choo H. Fabry-Pérot optical sensor and portable detector for monitoring high-resolution ocular hemodynamics. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 2019; 31:423-426. [PMID: 31772487 PMCID: PMC6879107 DOI: 10.1109/lpt.2019.2896840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of ocular hemodynamics and its role in ophthalmic disease progression remains unclear due to the shortcomings of precise and on-demand biomedical sensing technologies. Here, we report high-resolution in vivo assessment of ocular hemodynamics using a Fabry-Pérot cavity-based micro-optical sensor and a portable optical detector. The designed optical system is capable of measuring both static intraocular pressure and dynamic ocular pulsation profiles in parallel. Through a dynamic intensity variation analysis method which improves sensing resolution by 3-4 folds, our system is able to extract systolic/diastolic phases from a single ocular pulsation profile. Using a portable detector, we performed in vivo studies on rabbits and verified that ophthalmic parameters obtained from our optical system closely match with traditional techniques such as tonometry, electrocardiography, and photo-plethysmography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Oen Lee
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA and now with the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20852 USA
| | - Vinayak Narasimhan
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - Ashwin Balakrishna
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | | | - Juan Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA (; )
| | - David Sretavan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA (; )
| | - Hyuck Choo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Department of Medical Engineering at California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125. He is also affiliated with Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
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14
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Marcelli E, Bortolani B, Corazza I, Cercenelli L. A Novel Sensorized Heart Valve Prosthesis: Preliminary In Vitro Evaluation. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18113905. [PMID: 30428516 PMCID: PMC6263652 DOI: 10.3390/s18113905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have shown that subclinical valve thrombosis in heart valve prosthesis (HVP) can be responsible for reduced leaflet motion detectable only by advanced imaging diagnostics. We conceived a novel sensorized HVP able to detect earlier any thrombus formation that may alter the leaflets motion using an electric impedance measurement, IntraValvular Impedance (IVI). Methods: For IVI measurement, dedicated electrodes are embedded in the structure of the HVP to generate a local electric field that is altered by the moving valve leaflets during their cyclic opening/closing. We present preliminary in vitro results using a first prototype of sensorized mechanical heart valve connected to an external impedance measurement system. The prototype was tested on a circulatory mock loop system and the IVI signals were recorded during both normal dynamics and experimentally induced altered working of the leaflets. Results: Recordings showed a very repetitive and stable IVI signal during the normal cyclic opening/closing of the HVP. The induced alterations in leaflet motion were reflected in the IVI signal. Conclusions: The novel sensorized HVP has great potential to give early warning of possible subclinical valve thrombosis altering the valve leaflet motion, and to help in tailoring the anticoagulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Marcelli
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, DIMES Department, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Barbara Bortolani
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, DIMES Department, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ivan Corazza
- Medical Physics Activities Coordination Center, DIMES Department, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Laura Cercenelli
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, DIMES Department, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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15
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Khokle RP, Esselle KP, Bokor DJ. Design, Modeling, and Evaluation of the Eddy Current Sensor Deeply Implanted in the Human Body. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:E3888. [PMID: 30423900 PMCID: PMC6263918 DOI: 10.3390/s18113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Joint replacement surgeries have enabled motion for millions of people suffering from arthritis or grave injuries. However, over 10% of these surgeries are revision surgeries. We have first analyzed the data from the worldwide orthopedic registers and concluded that the micromotion of orthopedic implants is the major reason for revisions. Then, we propose the use of inductive eddy current sensors for in vivo micromotion detection of the order of tens of μ m. To design and evaluate its characteristics, we have developed efficient strategies for the accurate numerical simulation of eddy current sensors implanted in the human body. We present the response of the eddy current sensor as a function of its frequency and position based on the robust curve fit analysis. Sensitivity and Sensitivity Range parameters are defined for the present context and are evaluated. The proposed sensors are fabricated and tested in the bovine leg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karu P Esselle
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Desmond J Bokor
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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16
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Pfiffner F, Prochazka L, Dobrev I, Klein K, Sulser P, Péus D, Sim JH, Dalbert A, Röösli C, Obrist D, Huber A. Proof of Concept for an Intracochlear Acoustic Receiver for Use in Acute Large Animal Experiments. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18103565. [PMID: 30347862 PMCID: PMC6210337 DOI: 10.3390/s18103565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The measurement of intracochlear sound pressure (ICSP) is relevant to obtain better understanding of the biomechanics of hearing. The goal of this work was a proof of concept of a partially implantable intracochlear acoustic receiver (ICAR) fulfilling all requirements for acute ICSP measurements in a large animal. The ICAR was designed not only to be used in chronic animal experiments but also as a microphone for totally implantable cochlear implants (TICI). (2) Methods: The ICAR concept was based on a commercial MEMS condenser microphone customized with a protective diaphragm that provided a seal and optimized geometry for accessing the cochlea. The ICAR was validated under laboratory conditions and using in-vivo experiments in sheep. (3) Results: For the first time acute ICSP measurements were successfully performed in a live specimen that is representative of the anatomy and physiology of the human. Data obtained are in agreement with published data from cadavers. The surgeons reported high levels of ease of use and satisfaction with the system design. (4) Conclusions: Our results confirm that the developed ICAR can be used to measure ICSP in acute experiments. The next generation of the ICAR will be used in chronic sheep experiments and in TICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flurin Pfiffner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lukas Prochazka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ivo Dobrev
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Karina Klein
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Patrizia Sulser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Dominik Péus
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jae Hoon Sim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Adrian Dalbert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christof Röösli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Dominik Obrist
- ARTORG Center, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Alexander Huber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Höer J, Wetter O. Miniaturized Sensors Registering the Long-Term Course of Suture Tension In Vivo under Varying Intra-Abdominal Pressure. Sensors 2018; 18:E1729. [PMID: 29843374 PMCID: PMC6022090 DOI: 10.3390/s18061729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure of laparotomy closure develops after up to 20% of abdominal operations. Suture tension has an influence on the quality of tissue regeneration. No sensors are available to register suture tension dynamics in vivo. METHODS In a series of animal experiments, the effect of suture tension on the ultrastructure of the healing incision was examined. Surgeons' ability to suture with target tension was tested. An implantable sensor and data logger were developed and tested experimentally in sutures closing midline laparotomies in pigs both under normal and elevated intra-abdominal pressure. RESULTS High suture tension has a negative influence on the regeneration of laparotomy incisions. Running sutures for laparotomy closure lose 45% of their initial tension over periods of 23 h. Intermittent elevation of intra-abdominal pressure to 30 mm Hg leads to a near total loss of suture tension after 23 h. CONCLUSION Surgeons are not able to control and reproduce suture tension. Suture tension dynamics can be measured in vivo by the sensor developed. Further research is needed to define a tissue-specific suture tension optimum to reduce the incidence of complications after laparotomy. Techniques for laparotomy closure need to be modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Höer
- Hochtaunuskliniken Bad Homburg, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zeppelinstrasse 20, D-61352 Bad Homburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Wetter
- Fachhochschule Bielefeld, Campus Minden, Fachbereich Technik, Artilleriestrasse 9, D-32427 Minden, Germany.
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18
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Heo JC, Kim B, Kim YN, Kim DK, Lee JH. Induction of Inflammation In Vivo by Electrocardiogram Sensor Operation Using Wireless Power Transmission. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:s17122905. [PMID: 29240666 PMCID: PMC5751571 DOI: 10.3390/s17122905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged monitoring by cardiac electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors is useful for patients with emergency heart conditions. However, implant monitoring systems are limited by lack of tissue biocompatibility. Here, we developed an implantable ECG sensor for real-time monitoring of ventricular fibrillation and evaluated its biocompatibility using an animal model. The implantable sensor comprised transplant sensors with two electrodes, a wireless power transmission system, and a monitoring system. The sensor was inserted into the subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal area and operated for 1 h/day for 5 days using a wireless power system. Importantly, the sensor was encapsulated by subcutaneous tissue and induced angiogenesis, inflammation, and phagocytosis. In addition, we observed that the levels of inflammation-related markers increased with wireless-powered transmission via the ECG sensor; in particular, levels of the Th-1 cytokine interleukin-12 were significantly increased. The results showed that induced tissue damage was associated with the use of wireless-powered sensors. We also investigated research strategies for the prevention of adverse effects caused by lack of tissue biocompatibility of a wireless-powered ECG monitoring system and provided information on the clinical applications of inflammatory reactions in implant treatment using the wireless-powered transmission system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chul Heo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Beomjoon Kim
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Yoon-Nyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University, Daegu 41931, Korea.
| | - Dae-Kwang Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hanvit Institution for Medical Genetics, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Jong-Ha Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea.
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19
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Huyett LM, Mittal R, Zisser HC, Luxon ES, Yee A, Dassau E, Doyle FJ, Burnett DR. Preliminary Evaluation of a Long-Term Intraperitoneal Glucose Sensor With Flushing Mechanism. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2016; 10:1192-4. [PMID: 26993253 PMCID: PMC5032950 DOI: 10.1177/1932296816640542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Huyett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Howard C Zisser
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Alex Yee
- Theranova, LLC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eyal Dassau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francis J Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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20
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Liu BJ, Ma LN, Su J, Jing WW, Wei MJ, Sha XZ. Biocompatibility assessment of porous chitosan-Nafion and chitosan-PTFE composites in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2055-60. [PMID: 23765695 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is widely used as a scaffold material in tissue engineering. The objective of this study was to test whether porous chitosan membrane (PCSM) coating for Nafion used in implantable sensor reduced fibrous capsule (FC) density and promoted superior vascularization compared with PCSM coating for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). PCSM was fabricated with solvent casting/particulate leaching method using silica gel as porogen and characterized in vitro. Then, PCSM-Nafion and PCSM-PTFE composites were assembled with hydrated PCSM and implanted subcutaneously in rats. The histological analysis was performed in comparison with Nafion and PTFE. Implants were explanted 35, 65, and 100 days after the implantation. Histological assessments indicated that both composites achieved presumed effects of porous coatings on decreasing collagen deposition and promoting angiogenesis. PCSM-PTFE exerted higher collagen deposition by area ratio, both within and outside, compared with that of PCSM-Nafion. Angiogenesis within and outside the PCSM-Nafion both increased over time, but that of the PCSM-PTFE within decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ji Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, SYSUCC, Guangzhou, China
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Akl TJ, King TJ, Long R, McShane MJ, Nance Ericson M, Wilson MA, Coté GL. Performance assessment of an opto-fluidic phantom mimicking porcine liver parenchyma. J Biomed Opt 2012; 17:077008. [PMID: 22894521 PMCID: PMC3394684 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.7.077008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An implantable, optical oxygenation and perfusion sensor to monitor liver transplants during the two-week period following the transplant procedure is currently being developed. In order to minimize the number of animal experiments required for this research, a phantom that mimics the optical, anatomical, and physiologic flow properties of liver parenchyma is being developed as well. In this work, the suitability of this phantom for liver parenchyma perfusion research was evaluated by direct comparison of phantom perfusion data with data collected from in vivo porcine studies, both using the same prototype perfusion sensor. In vitro perfusion and occlusion experiments were performed on a single-layer and on a three-layer phantom perfused with a dye solution possessing the absorption properties of oxygenated hemoglobin. While both phantoms exhibited response patterns similar to the liver parenchyma, the signal measured from the multilayer phantom was three times higher than the single layer phantom and approximately 21 percent more sensitive to in vitro changes in perfusion. Although the multilayer phantom replicated the in vivo flow patterns more closely, the data suggests that both phantoms can be used in vitro to facilitate sensor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J. Akl
- Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3120
| | - Travis J. King
- Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3120
| | - Ruiqi Long
- Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3120
| | - Michael J. McShane
- Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3120
| | - M. Nance Ericson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS 6006, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6006
| | - Mark A. Wilson
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Surgery, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- University Dr. C-1w142, Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15240
| | - Gerard L. Coté
- Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3120
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